• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2007

Research results for the pressure drop variance depending on operation conditions such as change of inlet concentration, pulse interval, and face velocity, etc., in a pulse air jet-type bag filter show that while at $3kg/cm^2$ whose pulse pressure is low, it is good to make an pulse interval longer in order to form the first layer, it may not be applicable to industry because of a rapid increase in pressure. In addition, the change of inlet concentration contributes more to the increase of pressure drop than the pulse interval does. In order to reduce operation costs by minimizing filter drag of a filter bag at pulse pressure $5kg/cm^2$, the dust concentration should be minimized, and when the inlet dust loading is a lower concentration, the pulse interval in the operation should be less than 70 sec, but when inlet dust loading is a higher concentration, the pulse interval should be below 30 sec. In particular, in the case that inlet dust loading is a higher concentration, a high-pressure distribution is observed regardless of pulse pressure. This is because dust is accumulated continuously in the filter bag and makes it thicker as filtration time increases, and thus the pulse interval should be set to below 30 sec. If the equipment is operated at 1m/min of face velocity, while pressure drop is low, the bag filter becomes larger and thus, its economics are very low due to a large initial investment. Therefore, a face velocity of around 1.5 m/min is considered to be the optimal operation condition. At 1.5 m/min considered to be the most economical face velocity, if the pulse interval increases, since the amount of variation in filter drag is large, depending on the amount of inlet dust loading, the operation may be possible at a lower concentration when the pulse interval is 70 sec. However, for a higher concentration, either face velocity or pulse interval should be reduced.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.176-176
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• 2000

Generally, discrete-time processing is applied to the uniformly-sampled signals. But, radars emit pulse trains with irregular time instances. In this paper, we formulate the radar pulse train as a stochastic discrete-time dynamic linear model. The estimation task can be done via linear signal processing using Kalman Filter and some considerations. As a result, we can estimate the pulse repetition interval of a pulse train and predict the time instances of the next pulses to be received.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2018

단상태 소나는 음원의 송신시간과 반사파의 수신시간 정보를 이용하여 표적의 위치를 산출한다. 그러나 음원의 송신시간 정보를 수신센서와 공유하지 않는 비동기 양상태 소나 시스템에서는 표적의 위치를 산출하기 위해 수신센서에서 음원의 직접파(direct blast)를 탐지해야한다. 본 논문에서는 직접파에 대한 PRI(Pulse Repetition Interval)와 적응적인 임계치 추정을 통해 직접파 탐지를 수행하는 기법을 제안한다. 모의 신호 및 해상 실험 데이터를 이용하여 제안하는 기법의 성능을 분석하였고 그 결과 강한 배경소음 및 직접파와 유사한 다수의 표적 반사파가 존재하는 환경에서도 강인한 직접파 탐지 성능을 보여주었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2010

Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is a parameter of the cardiovascular system that is reflected in changes in pulse interval (PD and systolic blood pressure (SBP). BRS contains information about how the autonomic nervous system regulates hemodynamic homeostasis. Normally the beat-to-beat SBP measurement and the pulse interval measured from the electrocardiogram (ECG) are required to estimate the BRS. We investigated the possibility of measuring BRS in the absence of a beat-to-beat SBP measurement device. Pulse arrival time (PAT), defined as the time between the R-peak of the ECG and a single characteristic point on the pulse wave recorded from any arterial location was measured by photoplethysmography. By comparing the BRS obtained from conventional measurements with our method during controlled breathing, we confirmed again that PAT and SBP are closely correlated, with a correlation coefficient of -0.82 to -0.95. The coherence between SBP and PI at a respiration frequency of 0.07-0.12 Hz was similar to the coherence between PAT and PI. Although the ranges and units of measurement are different (ms/mmHg vs. ms/ms) for BRS measured conventionally and by our method, the correlation is very strong. Following further investigation under various conditions, BRS can be reliably estimated without the inconvenient and expensive beat-to-beat SBP measurement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.548-561
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• 1989

In single atrial cells isolated from the rabbit the properties of inward current of Na-Ca exchange were investigated using the whole cell voltage clamp technique. The current was recorded during repolarization following brief 2 ms depolarizing pulse to +40 mV from a holding potential of * 70 mV. Followings are the results obtained: 1. When stimulated every 30 seconds, the inward currents were activated and reached peak values 6-12 ms after the beginning of depolarizing pulse. The mean current amplitude was 342 pA/cell. 2. The current decayed spontaneously from the peak activation and the time course of the relaxation showed two different phases fast and slow phase. The time constants were 10-18 ms and 60-140 ms, respectively. 3. The recovery of inward current was tested by paired pulse of various intervals. The peak current recovered exponentially with time constant of 140 ms and 1 p M isoprenaline accelerated the recovery process. 4. Relaxation time course was also affected by pulse interval and time constant of the fast phase was reduced almost linearly according to the decrease of pulse interval between 30 sec and 1 sec. 5. The peak activation was increased in magnitude by long prepulse stimulation, 5 p M Bay K, 1 p M isoprenaline or internal and external application of c-AMP. 6. The relaxation time constant of the fast phase was prolonged by 5 p M Bay K or c-AMP, and shortened by isoprenaline. However the time course of the slow relaxation phase was not so much changed. From the above results, it could be concluded that increase of the calcium current by Bay K or c-AMP results in the potentiation and prolongation of intracellular calcium transient, and the facilitation of Ca uptake by SR might be a mechanism of shortening the time constant of current relaxation by short interval stimulation or isoprenaline.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.613-622
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• 2012

A pilot-scale pulse-jet bagfilter was designed, built and tested for the effects of four operating conditions (filtration velocity, inlet dust concentration, pulse pressure, and pulse interval time) on the total system pressure drop, using coke dust from a steel mill factory. Two models were used to predict the total pressure drop according to the operating conditions. These model parameters were estimated from the 180 experimental data points. The empirical model (EM) with filtration velocity, areal density, inlet dust concentration, pulse interval time and pulse pressure shows the best correlation coefficient (R=0.971) between experimental data and model predictions. The empirical model was used as it showed higher correlation coefficient (R=0.971) compared to that of the Multivariate linear regression(MLR) (R=0.961). The minimum pulse pressure predicted by empirical model (EM) was 5kg/$cm^2$.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

레이더 시스템은 방사 신호의 탐지를 회피하기 위해 펄스 반복주기(PRI, Pulse Repetition Interval)와 PRI 패턴을 변조하고 있으며, 반대로 레이더 신호 탐지 시스템은 다양한 노력을 기울여 PRI와 PRI 패턴을 감지하려고 한다. 일반적으로 레이더 신호의 PRI 패턴을 검출하기 위해 펄스열의 도착시각에 대한 히스토그램 또는 자기 상관관계 기법으로 펄스 변조를 검출하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 유한 상태 머신 개념을 도입하여 펄스 반복주기를 검출하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 알고리즘은 PRI 순서와 PRI 패턴을 찾을 수 있는 특징이 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.377-388
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• 1990

Ca movements during the late plateau phase in rabbit atrium implicate Na-Ca exchange. In single atrial cells isolated from the rabbit the properties of the inward current of Na-Ca exchange were investigated using the whole cell voltage clamp technique. The inward currents were recorded during repolarization following brief 2 ms depolarizing pulse to +40 mV from a holding potential of -70 mV. Followings are the results obtained: 1) When stimulated every 30 sec, the inward currents were activated and reached peak values $6{\sim}12\;ms$ after the beginning of depolarizing pulse. The mean current amplitude was 342 pA/cell. 2) The current decayed spontaneously from the peak activation and the timecourse of the relaxation showed two different phases: fast and slow phase. 3) The recovery of the inward current was tested by paired pulse of various interval. The peak current recovered exponentialy with a time course similar to that of Ca current recovery. 4) Relaxation timecourse was also affected by pulse interval and time constant was reduced almost linearly according to the decrease of pulse interval between 30 sec and 1 sec. 5) The peak inward current was increased by long prepulse stimulation, Bay K, isoprenaline or c-AMP. 6) The relaxation time constant of the inward current was prolonged by Bay K or c-AMP, and shortened by isoprenaline. From the above results, it could be concluded that increase of the calcium current potentiates and prolongs intracellular calcium transients, while shortening of the timecourse by isoprenaline or short interval stimulations might be due to the facilitation of Ca uptake by SR.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2003

In this paper statistics on the radiation field waveforms produced by stepped leaders just prior to lightning return strokes were described. As a parameter of stepped leader pulse characteristics, the time interval between the final leader pulse and return stroke peak, the pause time between stepped leaders, the ratio of the final leader peak to the return stroke peak and the stepped leader pulse width at half maximum were examined. The average time intervals between the final leader pulse and return stroke peak were about 16.2 and 14.8$mutextrm{s}$ for the positive and negative polarities, respectively. When the stepped leader approaches closely to ground, the time interval between leader steps was decreased and the mean value was about 17$mutextrm{s}$, and the present results were in reasonable agreement with the data observed in Florida and Japan. The large fraction of the ratios of the final stepped leader pulse to the lightning return stroke peak were distributed over the range from 5 to 35% and in average the ratio of the final leader pulse to the return stroke peak was 17.4$\pm$11.9% for the positive and 18.5$\pm$9.4% for the negative electric field waveforms. In addition, the mean pulse widths at half maximum of the stepped leaders are 1.4Us with a standard deviation of 0.9 for the positive Polarity and 2.2us with a standard deviation of 1.2 for the negative polarity, respectively.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1992년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.976-979
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• 1992

There are lots of problem which are delaminations and partial discharge of insulation materials in high-voltage rotating machines caused by mechanical, electrical and thermal aging. Several experiments have been aiming at finding the useful diagnostic parameters from the partial discharge characteristics by applying a new measurement techniques. This paper deals with the partial discharge characteristics (pulse height, pulse angle, pulse frequency spectrum and time interval), which may be a useful diagnostic concept in predicting insulation condition of mica/epoxy composite insulation materials, by using several measurement equipments (frequency spectrum analyzer. multichannel analyzer and time interval analyzer).