• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.35-53
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• 2015

Objectives : In order to find how reference books of Yi Xue Ru Men reflect the classification and criterion for low back pain(LBP). Methods : From reference books of Yi Xue Ru Men, select the texts on classification and criterion for LBP. Results : According to the causes of LBP, Chao Yuan Fang(巢元方) in Sui Dynasty assorted to 5 types of LBP at the very first. Chen Wu Ze(陳無擇) in Song Dynasty made 7 divisions by external, internal, and non-external, non-internal causes. According to the pulse of LBP, Yan Yong He(嚴用和) first categorized 4 groups, Zhu Zhen Heng(朱震亨) added another 4 groups. Aside from this standard, Zhu(朱震亨) adopted the cause standard. Depending on Yunqi(運氣), Lou Ying(樓英) classified 5 types. But his classification had been not adopted by any TCM books. According to symptom of 6 varieties(六變), Zhang Jie Bin(張介賓) assorted external(表), internal(裏), deficiency(虛), sufficiency(實), cold(寒) and heat(熱), add 2 groups besides them. But his categorization did not reflect Yi Xue Ru Men. Li Chan(李梴), the author of this book chose causes and pulse classification standards that Zhu Zhen Heng had adopt. Conclusions : In the side of classification and criterion for LBP, Li Chan first divided 2 group, external and internal injury. After it he subdivided both groups to 10 subgroup. His classification is similar to Chen(陳無擇)'s, but actually followed the classification for external and internal injury that was invented by Li Dong Yuan(李東垣).

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the controversial issues about objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) of pulse diagnosis and investigate the objectification of traditional Korean medicine and technical feasibility of pulse simulation through the suggestion of a pulse simulator. Methods: The concept, validity and reliability of OSCE and the current situation of medical simulation was described. The actual level and problems on the simulator development was presented through haptics and tactile technology in order to compose a pulse simulator for OSCE. Results: The pulse wave system of a pulse simulator should materialize through haptic technology and the classification of the differences between tactile sensation and tactile quality is essential for the development of the relevant pulse simulator for OSCE in traditional Korean medicine. Conclusions: The introduction and controversial issues of OSCE and methodology of pulse wave reappearance system are proposed for the objectification of Traditional Korean Medicine and the development of clinical technology.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2008

Pulse waves continuously change with respect to the characteristics and status of the cardiovascular system and in relation to the blood pressure (BP) and the pulse wave velocity (PWV). Monitoring the vascular condition by analyzing the variations in pulse waveforms has been used to diagnose vascular disorders and in drug treatment of arteriosclerosis and peripheral circulatory obstruction. In this paper, we investigated the vascular characteristic index with regard to the BP and classified by pulse wave signals. The pressure pulse wave and photoplethysmography (PPG) were measured simultaneously while subjects exercised, producing changes in the BP, to analyze the variation in the vascular characteristic index. We investigated the correlation between the BP and vascular characteristic index with regard to the classification methods of the pulse wave. The reflection index (RI) and vascular stiffness index were correlated with the diastolic BP, but no correlation was found between these parameters and the systolic BP. These results suggest the possibility of estimating BP through simple measurements of pulse waves.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2007

This work reports the pulse diagnosis system using FBG sensors which can display pulse signals detected while oriental medical doctors are conducting pulse diagnoses and simultaneously pressing the sensors by three fingers. Each optical fiber has five FBG sensing units fabricated in 2 mm width and 2 mm inter-sensor spacing. Three optical fibers with the FBG units in the parallel line configuration are then placed on each finger-pressing region and thus overall 9 fibers are used for the pulse measurements on the so-called "chon", "gwan", and "ch대k". A fixture holding the optical fiber arrays is able to adjust the height of the FBG sensing units while placing the fibers on the wrist. The pulse signals detected by the FBG sensors from chon, kwan, and chuk have been analyzed using 4 channel spectrum analyzer connected to the optical fibers. The measured pulse signals exhibit variations due to the nonuniform pressure distributions applied. resulting in the differences in the detected pulse signals between fiber lines. However. this work is the first step towards objective and quantitative analyses of the pulse diagnosis in oriental medicine which has traditionally been performed on subjective basis. Future works will be devoted to improving sensor stability, developing the way applying pressure and algorithms reporting the objective classification of the pulse status from systemic measurements using the sensors instead of relying on the clinicians' diagnoses subjectively performed. A successful pulse diagnosis system emerging in the future is expected to contribute to education as well as promoting pulse diagnosis in oriental medicine to the scientific research area.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권2호통권20호
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• pp.71-74
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• 2007

Background : Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is the field of traditional Korean medicine that emphasize four constitutional types for diagnosis and treatment. Appearance, personalities and pathological characteristics are main factors of Sasang constitutional classification. Previous studies carried out by the pulse analyzer showed that the pulse wave can discriminate these types. In addition, It was reported that the pulse wave are affected by age and sexuality. In this study, we investigated the pulse wave characteristics related Sasang constitution types in control group regarding their age and sexuality. Subjects and Method : Two hudred and eighteen volunteers participated in this study: healthy men in $20{\sim}49$ years old. Participants were interviewed and examined to evaluate their health condition and Sasang constitution type. Then they were tested with pulse analyzer when they ere stabilized. The pulse at the radial artery just beside styloid process was measured, because this area is landmark for pulse diagnosis in oriental medicine. 3-D Mac pulse analyzer (Daeyo Medi Co. Ansan. Korea) was used in this study. We analyzed main features of pulse waves with the Sasang condtitution types by the SPSS for Windows (ver 12.0). Results : There was significant difference between Taeum and other types in contact pressure as weil as in coefficient of floating and sinking pulse. Conclusion : By analyzing pulse waves of healthy adult men. we found significant differences exist between Taeum and other types. These pulse differences may characterize Taeum type, and it will be helpful for the evaluation of Taeum type.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1378-1382
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• 2008

This study is aim to evaluate pulse diagnosis as indicators for classification of the pattern identifications in stroke patients. To get the clinical information, we recruited the onset 1 month stroke patients through the multicenter network which consists of 13 oriental hospitals. The clinical informations about three pairs of pulse wave form and levels of their significancy based on the case report form (CRF) were collected and their distribution in each pattern identification were analyzed. The results are as follows Fire-Heat group shows high portions of floating pulse, rapid pulse and solid pulse. Qi Defficiency group has a greater portion of deep pulse, slow pulse, deficient pulse. The well-defined character of Phlegm-Retained Fluid, Yin Defficiency, Static Blood groups cannot be explained by pulse wave form. These results show a rough relationship between the pulse diagnosis and pattern identifications of stroke therefore, further studies are required to determine the pulse diagnosis as significant indicators of stroke pattern identification.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to gain the objective indicators for the classification of hypertension by oriental medical pulse diagnosis, through finding out the parameters which can distinguish the pulse of hypertensive patient from that of normal subject, and characterizes the wiry pulse of hypertension. Methods: 30-59 yr, male, 946 healthy volunteers and 35 hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study. All the hypertensive patients were taking medicine to control the blood pressure and the blood pressure of the hypertension group was not statistically different from that of the normal healthy group. Data were acquired using 3 dimensional pulse imaging analyser(DMP-3000, DAEYOMEDI, KOREA) and analysed according to the age bands and the applied pressure levels. Results: 1. RAI/t, w/t and t2/t decreased with the levels of applied pressure and increased with age in the normal healthy group, not in the hypertension group. 2. RAI/t, w/t, t2/t were significantly higher in the hypertension group than the normal healthy group in the 30-age band, and elasticity coefficient was higher in the hypertension group than the normal healthy group in the 40-age band. 3. Researches on the patients without hypotensive agents are needed to figure out whether these parameters are the components of hypertensive wiry pulse. Conclusions: Analysing the radial pulse at 5 applied pressure levels using 3 dimensional pulse imaging analyser may be useful to differentiate the pulses of the hypertensive patients from those of the normal subjects, and characterize the hypertension.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

요 약 주행 중인 차량의 타이어에서 발생하는 초음파 신호의 포락선에서 손상 물질에 의한 특징 신호의 주기를 검출하여 타이어 손상을 분별하는 방법을 연구하였다. 손상된 타이어는 주행 시 회전에 의해 주기성을 갖는 신호를 발생하기 때문에 이를 펄스화하고 펄스 간의 시간 간격을 밀도함수로 나타내어 우성 주기를 검출하였다. 펄스화하기 위한 임계값은 포락선 신호를 이동평균필터 처리하여 결정하였다. 손상물질이 한 개이고, 주행속도가 약 50km/h, 80km/h일 때, 시간밀도함수의 결과는 제 1 피크시간이 156ms, 102ms로 주행속도에 따라 계산한 타이어의 회전주기와 일치하였고, 한 개 이상의 손상물질의 경우에는 각 피크시간의 합이 타이어의 회전주기와 동일한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2009

사상의학은 체질에 따라 치료하는 방법을 달리하므로, 체질진단의 객관화가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 맥파를 이용하여 사상체질을 객관적으로 진단함에 있어서, 정확도가 높으면서 실용적인 체질분류 방법을 탐색하는 것이 목적이다. 한방병원에 건강검진을 목적으로 내원한 2848명의 피험자를 대상으로 전문의가 진단한 체질, 체질량지수, 혈압, 맥파 자료를 입수하였다. 자료의 선별과정을 통하여 최종적으로 1635명의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 판별분석, 회귀분석, 의사결정나무, 신경망으로 체질을 예측하고 전문의가 진단한 결과와 비교하여 분류방법의 정확도를 비교하였다. 판별분석은 체질별로 공분산 행렬이 동일해야 한다는 가정을 만족시키기 어려웠으며, 체질량지수를 고려하지 않은 의사결정나무와 신경망 분석의 결과는 분석표본의 변동에 민감했다. 체질분류에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 변수인 체질량지수가 고려된 로지스틱 회귀분석 또는 의사결정나무 방법이 체질분류 방법으로 추천할 만하다.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제33B권1호
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• pp.144-152
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• 1996

대규모 병렬처리가 가능하고 칩당 뉴론 집적도가 높은 펄스형 디지털 다계층 신경망 구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 신경망에서는 대수적인 신경망연산이 의사-랜덤 펄스 시퀀스(pseudo-random pulse sequences)와 단순 디지털 논리 게이트를 이용하여 확률적 프로세스로 대치되었다. 확률적 프로세스의 결과로 나타나는 신경망 연산의 통계적 모델을 제시하였으며 이를 바탕으로 랜덤잡음의 영향과 연산의 정확도를 분석하였다. 이진인식 문제를 적용하여 제안된 신경망의 성능을 평가하고 제시한 통계적 분석결과의 정당성을 검증하였다. Gate 레벨과 register transfer 레벨로 기술된 신경망의 VHDL 모델의 시뮬레이션 결과는 개발된 통계적모델로 예측된 인식추정치와 실제 인식률이 거의 일치함을 보였으며, 또한 숫자인식률에 있어서도 일반 Back-Propagation 신경망의 인식률과 거의 차이가 없음을 보였다.