• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.770-775
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• 1998

배경: 심방중격결손증은 선천성심질환중 가장 흔한 질환중의 하나이며 성인에서 진단되는 선천성 심질환 의 30%를 차지한다. 상당수의 환자들이 성인이 될때까지 별다른 증상이 없이 잘 지내기도 하고, 40∼50대에 사망 하는 경우가 많지만, 더 오래 사는 경우도 흔히 발견된다. 가장 흔한 사망원인은 주로 우심부전이나 부정맥이다. 대상 및 방법: 강북삼성병원 흉부외과에서는 1988년부터 1997년 6월까지 총33례의 심방중격결손증을 수술 하였으며, 그중 31례가 성인 심방중격결손증이었다. 동반질환은 삼첨판 폐쇄부전이 2례, 폐동맥판 협착증, 승모판 폐쇄부전 및 삼첨판 폐쇄부전, 그리고 관상동맥질환이 각각 1례였다. 결과: 모든환자에서 첩포봉합술이나 직접봉합술을 이용하여 수술하였으며, 수술후 경과는 모두 양호하였다. 수술후 심전도와 혈류역학, 및 심초음파검사상 호전을 보였다. 결론: 성인의 심방중격결손증은 60세이상의 고령일지라도 폐동맥고혈압이나 우심부전, 부정맥등을 예방 하기 위한 적극적인 외과교정술을 시행하여야 한다

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

Background: Reconstruction surgery of mitral valve regurgitation is now considered as an effective operative technique and has shown good long-term results. Although reconstructive surgery of mitral valve has been performed since 1970s, we have started only in early 1990s in full scale because of small number of the mitral regurgitation compared to mitral stenosis and lack of knowledge from the viewpoint of patients and physicians. Material and Method: From January 1992 to December 1996, 100 patients underwent repair of the mitral valve for mitral regurgitation with or without mitral stenosis in Seoul National University Hospital. 45(45%) of the patients were men and 55(55%) were women. The mean age was 39.9$\pm$14.4 years. The causes of the mitral regurgitation were rheumatic in 61, degenerative in 28 and others in 11. According to the Carpentier's pathological classification of mitral regurgitation 5 patients were type I. 55 patients were type II and 40 patients were type III. 7 patients underwent concomitant aortic valvuloplasty and 8 patients underwent aortic valve replacement. 7 patients underwent Maze operation or pulmonary vein isolation. Result: There were no operative death but 3 major operative complications: 2patients were postoperative low cardiac output syndrome(needed intra-aortic ballon pump support) and 1 patient was postoperative bleeding. There was one late death(1.0%) The cause of death was sepsis secondary to acute bacterial endocarditis. 3 patients required reoperation for recurred mitral regurgitation. There were no statistically significant risk factors for reoperation. The other 96 patients showed no or mild degree of mitral regurgitation 99 survivors were in NYHA functional class I or II. There were two throumboembolisms but no anticoagulation-related complications. Conclusion: We concluded that mitral valve repair could be performed successfully in most cases of mitral regurgitation even in the rheumatic and combined lesions with very low operative mortality and morbidity. The early results are very promising.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 1991

From February 1988 to December 1990, 42 patients underwent so called REV operation for pulmonary stenosis or atresia with or without anomalies of ventriculoarterial connection and truncus arteriosus. The principles of operative technique are mobilization of pulmonary arterial tree beyond the pericardial reflection, transection of pulmonary trunk between the pulmonary ventricle and pulmonary artery, suture of distal pulmonary arterial stump to the upper margin of Pulmonary ventriculotomy site with absorbable suture, and anterior patch with 0.625% glutaraldehyde fixed autologous pericardium with monocusp inside it. Age at operation ranged 3-156months [mean 41.8 month] with twelve of whom infants. Operative indications were pulmonary atresia, with ventricular septal defect[16], and pulmonary stenosis with double outlet right ventricle[8], with ventricular septal defect[16], with double outlet right ventricle[8], with complete transposition of the great arteries[8], with corrected transposition of the great arteries[6], with Fallot`s tetralogy[3], and truncus arteriosus[1]. There were six hospital deaths[14%] and no late death. Twenty-four of 36 survivals were followed up more than 12 months with good clinical results. Postoperative angiocardiogram was performed in fifteen patients. Hemodynamically, two patents had residual pressure gradients along the pulmonary outflow tract, one patient showed severe pulmonary regurgitation; morphologically, there were six significant stenosis of left pulmonary arterial tree, two of whom showed significant pressure gradients. Our present experience with REV operation suggests that this technique make it possible to perform anatomic repair in a wide variety of congenital anomalies of abnormal ventriculoarterial connection associated with pulmonary outflow tract obstruction without using the prosthetic material, even in infants, with relatively low mortality and morbidity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2019

Background: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a life-threatening disease with high mortality. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of surgical embolectomy and to clarify the sustained long-term effects of surgery by comparing preoperative, postoperative, and long-term follow-up echocardiography outcomes. Of 22 survivors, 21 were followed up for a mean (median) period of $6.8{\pm}5.4years$ (4.2 years). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 27 surgical embolectomy cases for massive or submassive acute PTE from 2003 to 2016. Immediate and long-term follow-up outcomes of surgical embolectomy were assessed on the basis of 30-day mortality, long-term mortality, postoperative complications, right ventricular systolic pressure, and tricuspid regurgitation grade. Results: The 30-day and long-term mortality rates were 14.8% (4 of 27) and 4.3% (1 of 23), respectively. Three patients had major postoperative complications, including hypoxic brain damage, acute kidney injury, and endobronchial b leeding, respectively (3.7% each). Right ventricular systolic pressure (median [range], mm Hg) decreased from 62.0 (45.5-78.5) to 31.0 (25.7-37.0, p<0.001). The tricuspid valve regurgitation grade (median [range]) decreased from 1.5 (0.63-2.00) to 0.50 (0.50-1.00, p<0.05). The improvement lasted until the last echocardiographic follow-up. Conclusion: Surgical embolectomy revealed favorable mortality and morbidity rates in patients with acute massive or submassive PTE, with sustained long-term improvements in cardiac function.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.316-320
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• 1978

This report presents a case of patent ductus arteriosus complicated with total left lung atelectasis and mitral regurgitation. Her mother complained growth retardation and exertional dyspnea. The 3 year old girl had large patent ductus arteriosus [Qp/Qs=5.6] which resulted in moderate pulmonary hypertension, left atrial hypertrophy and enlargement, consequently the left main bronchus was compressed between the dilated left atrium and aorta. We would like conclude the cause of mitral regurgitation as the result of annular dilatation secondary to left atrial enlargement rather than congenital associated to patent ductus arteriosus. 3 weeks later from ligation of patent ductus arteriosus, the left atrial dimension was markedly reduced echocardiographically [from 3.9cm to 2.7cm], and the left lung progressively aerated by halves.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2018

A 4-year-old, 6.1 kg intact female dachshund was referred to the Animal Medical Center with acute right hind limb lameness. Radiographs revealed fractures of iliac body and tibia in the right limb. In addition, the dog exhibited tricuspid valve regurgitation and moderate heartworm infection in the right ventricle and main pulmonary artery on echocardiogram. To obtain stable anesthetic conditions for operation, an adult heartworm removal procedure was previously followed by repair of the complex fractures. All surgical procedures were done without complication and with stable patient conditions. At a one month postoperative follow-up, the dog was doing well with normal ambulation and no tricuspid valve regurgitation as well.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2003

목 적 : 분지 폐동맥 협착 부위에 스텐트를 삽입하여 효과적으로 교정한 후, 이후 추적 관찰시에 협착이 없었던 반대편 분지 폐동맥 단면적이 감소하지 않고 증가하는 양상을 관찰하였다. 이에 분지 폐동맥 단면적의 변화에 영향을 끼치는 형태학적 혈역학적 요인들을 분석해 보았다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 2002년 7월까지 연세대학교 심장혈관병원 소아심장과에서 좌폐동맥 분지 협착을 진단받고 스텐트 삽입을 시행받은 23명의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 이들 환아에서 스텐트 삽입 전후로 심혈관 조영술을 통해 좌우 폐동맥 단면적의 변화, 도플러 심초음파 검사를 시행하여 폐동맥 부전을 측정하여 역류 분율의 변화를 관찰하였고, 폐관류 검사를 함께 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) 좌폐동맥 협착으로 스텐트를 삽입한 후 좌폐동맥 지수는 $102{\pm}12mm^2/BSA$에서 $125{\pm}11mm^2/BSA$로 유의하게 증가하였다(P=0.001). 2) 협착이 없었던 우폐동맥 지수의 변화를 보면, 좌폐동맥에 스텐트를 삽입하기 전에 평균 $238{\pm}17mm^2/BSA$에서 추적 검사시 $249{\pm}20mm^2/BSA$로 유의한 증가는 없었다(P=0.474). 3) 스텐트 삽입 전후로 양측 폐동맥 지수의 합을 보면, 삽입전 $340{\pm}21mm^2/BSA$에서 추적 검사시 $374{\pm}26mm^2/BSA$로 증가하는 경향이 있었지만 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.09). 4) 폐동맥 폐쇄부전 역류 분율의 변화는 스텐트 삽입전 $50{\pm}5%$에서 $46{\pm}5%$로 감소하였으나, 유의한 감소량은 아니었다. 그러나, 폐동맥 폐쇄부전 역류 분율 증감 정도에 따라 세 군으로 나누어 비교해 보면, 3 군에서 우폐동맥지수는 삽입 전 $260{\pm}23mm^2/BSA$에서 추적 검사시 $325{\pm}33mm^2/BSA$으로 유의하게 증가하였다(P=0.041). 좌폐동맥 지수는 각 군에서 스텐트 삽입 전후로 증가하는 양상은 관찰되었으나, 1군에서만 유의하였고, 이는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전의 역류 분율 증감이 좌폐동맥의 단면적에 변화를 미치는 일차적 요인은 아닌 것으로 분석된다. 5) 스텐트 삽입 후 좌 우폐동맥 모두 폐동맥 폐쇄부전이 심할수록 폐동맥지수가 증가하여 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 가지고 (좌폐동맥; r=0.69, P<0.01 및 우폐동맥; r=0.53, P<0.01), 회귀분석상으로도 유의한 관계를 보였다. 또한 양측폐동맥 지수의 합도 유의한 양의 상관 관계(r=0.71, P<0.01)를 보였다. 결 론 : 협착이 있던 좌폐동맥은 스텐트의 삽입으로 교정되어 그 단면적 지수가 증가하였다. 그리고, 반대편 우폐동맥의 경우에는 잔존하는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전의 영향으로 단면적 지수가 감소하지 않고, 오히려 증가한 것을 관찰하였다. 그러나, 잔존하는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전의 장기적 예후를 고려해 볼 때, 이를 예방할 수 있는 것이 중요하다. 또한 역류 분율을 정확히 산출하기 위해 자기공명영상을 이용하는 것도 적극 검토해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2013

Background: We present our 12-year experience of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Materials and Methods: Between January 1999 and March 2011, 16 patients underwent pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Eleven patients (69%) were classified as functional class III or IV based on the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Seven patients had a history of inferior vena cava filter insertion, and 5 patients showed coagulation disorders. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy was performed during total circulatory arrest with deep hypothermia in 14 patients. Results: In-hospital mortality and late death occurred in 2 patients (12.5%) and 1 patient (6.3%), respectively. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was required in 4 patients who developed severe hypoxemia after surgery. Thirteen of the 14 survivors have been followed up for 54 months (range, 2 to 141 months). The pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and cardiothoracic ratio on chest radiography was significantly decreased after surgery ($76{\pm}26$ mmHg vs. $41{\pm}17$ mmHg, p=0.001; $55%{\pm}8%$ vs. $48%{\pm}3%$, p=0.003). Tricuspid regurgitation was reduced from $2.1{\pm}1.1$ to $0.7{\pm}0.6$ (p=0.007), and the NYHA functional class was also improved to I or II in 13 patients (81%). These symptomatic and hemodynamic improvements maintained during the late follow-up period. Conclusion: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension shows good clinical outcomes with acceptable early and long term mortality.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.432-435
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• 2005

승모판 폐쇄 부전증에 의한 심부전의 경우 대부분 양측폐에 대칭적으로 폐부종이 발생하지만 일부의 경우 국소적인 폐부종 형태로 나타날 수 있으며 대부분 우상엽에 발생하며 우중엽에 동반되기도 한다. 승모판 폐쇄 부전증 환자의 흉부 방사선 소견상 일측성 침윤이 보일때 폐렴과 국소적인 폐부종을 감별해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 1990

From November 1978 through June 1989, 33 patients aged 3 months to 27 years [mean 9.7 years] underwent repair of intracardiac defects associated with corrected transposition. Five patients had had previous palliative surgery. Operation were performed in 31 for ventricular septal defect, 22 for pulmonary outflow tract obstruction, 16 for atrial septal defect, and 5 for anatomical tricuspid valve regurgitation. Pulmonary outflow tract obstruction was relieved by pulmonary valvotomy in 9, Rastelli procedure in 5, modified Fontan procedure in 3, and by REV procedure in 5 patients recently. Early mortality was 21.2%[7/33] and no late mortality during follow up period. Two had residual pulmonary outflow tract obstruction and one residual VSD. In eight patients, transient arrhythmia was found but soon returned to sinus rhythm. Five patients developed complete heart block and 2 were given permanent pacemaker insertion. There were 8 RBBB, 1 LBBB and one second degree atrioventricular block patients, but all showed no clinical significance. This report suggests that surgical repair of intracardiac defects associated with corrected transposition can be achieved with acceptable low risk. Though the mortality is still high, we can improved the result by advancing surgical technique, knowledge of the special conduction system, and by improving postoperative care.