• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 1992

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.409-413
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• 2008

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2013

Interstitial lung diseases are heterogeneous entities with diverse clinical presentations. Among them, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease are specific categories that pulmonologists are most likely to encounter in the clinical field. Despite the accumulated data from extensive clinical trial and observations, we continue to have many issues which need to be resolved in this field. In this update, we present the review of several articles regarding the clinical presentation, prognosis and treatment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.384-388
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• 1991

Parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis is the likely cause in patients with hemoptysis, dyspnea, or chest pain during menstruation. Embolization of endometrial tissue from the uterus to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries has been proposed for the mechanism of the development of parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis. This is a report of a woman with catamenial hemoptysis which was responded successfully to danazol therapy; however, hemoptysis resumed after cessation of therapy. The patient was subsequently treated with danazol again because she refused surgical treatments.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.86 no.4
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• pp.319-321
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• 2023

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.359-363
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• 2009

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) related autoimmune diseases are characterized by high serum IgG4 concentrations, sclerosing inflammation of numerous IgG4-positive lymphoplasma cells of varying origin, and a positive response to steroid treatment. Autoimmune pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and retroperitoneal fibrosis are representative presentations of IgG4 related autoimmune disease. Herein, we describe 2 patients (40-years-old woman and 47-years-old man) diagnosed with pulmonary involvement of IgG4-related autoimmune disease. The patients were admitted for an evaluation of the lung mass or multiple lung nodules found on chest radiography. Surgical lung biopsies were performed and pathologic finding revealed lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing inflammation with numerous IgG4 positive cells. The patients had elevated serum total IgG and IgG4 levels. Treatment consisted of high dose methylpredinisolone (1 mg/kg/day) and demonstrated good responsiveness. However, one patient experienced 2 relapses while being tapered off of steroid treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.896-901
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• 1998

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation(PAVM) is an uncommon congenital anomaly. As pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is a direct communication between the branches of pulmonary artery and vein which originated from the malformation of capillary development, major disturbances in gas exchange can result. This malformation results in the several symptoms such as dyspnea, hemopyssis, cyanosis, and severe neurologic complaints. However, the most of patients are usually asymptomatic. Selective pulmonary angiography is well known the helpful diagnostic method. Recently, therapeutic embolization has been advocated as the treatment of choice for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. We report a case of multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, which was detected on the simple chest X-ray and successfully treated with coil embolization in a 19-year-old asymptomatic woman.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.408-411
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• 2015

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are caused by abnormal vascular communications between the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, which lead to the blood bypassing the normal pulmonary capillary beds. Pulmonary AVMs result in right-to-left shunts, resulting in hypoxemia, cyanosis, and dyspnea. Clinical signs and symptoms vary depending on the size, number, and flow of the AVMs. Transcatheter embolization is the treatment of choice for pulmonary AVMs. However, this method can fail if the AVM is large or has multiple complex feeding arteries. Surgical resection is necessary in those kind of cases. Here, we report the case of a patient with a 6-cm pulmonary AVM with multiple feeding arteries that was successfully treated by repeated coil embolization without surgery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2015

Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) not only functions as an intracellular energy sensor and regulator, but is also a general sensor of oxidative stress. Furthermore, there is recent evidence that it participates in limiting acute inflammatory reactions, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Thus, it may oppose the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: To investigate the role of AMPK in cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and emphysema we first compared cigarette smoking and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]-induced lung inflammation and emphysema in $AMPK{\alpha}1$-deficient ($AMPK{\alpha}1$-HT) mice and wild-type mice of the same genetic background. We then investigated the role of AMPK in the induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in A549 cells. Results: Cigarette smoking and poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation and emphysema were elevated in $AMPK{\alpha}1$-HT compared to wild-type mice. CSE increased AMPK activation in a CSE concentration- and time-dependent manner. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-${\beta}$-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, decreased CSE-induced IL-8 production while Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, increased it, as did pretreatment with an $AMPK{\alpha}1$-specific small interfering RNA. Conclusion: $AMPK{\alpha}1$-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to lung inflammation and emphysema when exposed to cigarette smoke, and AMPK appears to reduce lung inflammation and emphysema by lowering IL-8 production.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.430-434
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• 2007

Massive and untreated hemoptysis is associated with a >50% mortality rate. Since bleeding has a bronchial arterial origin in most patients, bronchial artery embolization (BAE) has become an accepted treatment in massive hemoptysis. The possibility of bleeding from pulmonary artery should be considered in patients in whom the bleeding focus cannot be found by Bronchial angiogram. Indeed, the bleeding occurs from a pulmonary artery in approximately 10% of patients with massive hemoptysis. The most common causes of bleeding from the pulmonary artery are pulmonary artery rupture associated with a Swan-Ganz catheter, infectious diseases and vasculitis. We report a rare case of a fistula between the right upper lobar pulmonary artery and the right upper lobar bronchus in a 71-year-old woman who presented with massive hemoptysis.