• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2009

Cycling has been lately recommended as an alternative commuting mode because it is believed to be good for health and the environment. However, the exposure to environmental pollutants, such as fine particulates, could be a potential problem for cycling in urban environments. In this study, we compared commuters' $PM_{10}$ exposure using the different transportation modes of bicycle and bus. When a bicycle was used as a commuting mode, the additional $PM_{10}$ exposure due to transportation was about 3.5 times higher than that when using a bus. The difference of additional $PM_{10}$ exposures by cycling and bus was statistically significant (p<0.01). The $PM_{10}$ exposure during cycling was significantly correlated with atmospheric $PM_{10}$ concentration (r=0.98, p<0.01) and its correlation coefficient was higher than that of bus (r=0.55, p<0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that the main reasons of higher $PM_{10}$ exposure when using the bicycle as the mode of transport were its vicinity to road traffic and routes that were unavoidably close to road traffic. Bicycle commuting along the road side may not be good for health. Exclusive bicycle lanes away from road traffic are recommended.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to determine the marginal fit of recasting by used nickel-chromium metal alloys, Hi-Crown, New-Crown and CB-80. Ninety crown prosthetics were divided into eighteen groups according to new to old metal ratios. Each crown was seated on its master die and then the marginal gaps were measured under optical microscope($\times$50). All groups were showed good marginal fit, except group 3 of Hi-Crown(156$\mu$m). The results suggest that the marginal fit of Ni-Cr metal alloy casting bodies were good as without concerned to mixed ratios and metals.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제19권
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• pp.145-209
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• 1992

This study, that is made by an on-the-spot survey and a library survey, is aimed at finding some problems in the recognition regarding public library users and suggesting the clue to solve the problems revealed in the way of having compared with 'Book-Room' and Public Library. Poor material was always a troublemaker in this study. Especially the part of 'Book-Room' phenomenon is wholly dependent upon a field survey, that is, interview with a 'book-room' clerks, gathering the advertising leaflets, a close observation on 'Book-Room', etc. There are little printed materials, much less precedent research theses. In the other parts of this paper, there are needed good statistical materials, but the nortion presented in the public library user statistics-for example pupil, students, housewives, old men, the generality of people, etc.- is so vague that it is insufficient and unhelpful for this study. In my judgment, with all these limitations, this article gets some results as follows : 1. 'Book-Room' is the cultural organization which is being operated by, for, of the community inhabitants and it takes on the character of movement - labor movement, cultural movement, and community movement. 2. The pioneer of the Book-Room is 'Yangso Hyupdong chohap' (which means good book- cooperative association) lasted from 1978 to the next year. 3. 'Arom'(means learning) Book-Room is the first real Book-Room at Seomyon district in Pusan established in 1987. 4. Book-Room can be classified by its character as 'Labor BookRoom' and 'Cultural Book-Room'. There are 10 Labor BookRooms and 4 Cultural Book-Rooms in Pusan. 5. Labor Book-Rooms organized themselves to 'Labor Book-Room conference'. 6. Book-Rooms have done their best to extort the needs and interests of the community inhabitants, but relatively public libraries do not, hence the majority of residents are neglected from the public library service. This is at Book-Rooms' back to have been spread so quickly. 7. There is a very large gap between the component ratio of community inhabitants by class and that of public library users by same criterion, that is, in the case of the former, the labor class goes beyond a half point, in the latter, the majority of public library user is composed of students and housewives. 8. Researchers and librarians have concentrated their attention and effort not upon whole residents in community but upon existing users at present time. They do not try to develope potential users. So, researchers' and librarians' recognition regarding the public library users needs to be changed. 9. The concept of 'core-user' may be the key to solve the problems related with public library users. For the purpose of ensuring the 'core-user', it is necessary to study the community and inhabitants.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2020

Infection risks of handling specimens associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by public health laboratory services teams were assessed to scrutinize the potential hazards arising from the work procedures. Through risk assessments of all work sequences, laboratory equipment, and workplace environments, no aerosol-generating procedures could be identified except the procedures (mixing and transfer steps) inside biological safety cabinets. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as surgical masks, protective gowns, face shields/safety goggles, and disposable gloves, together with pertinent safety training, was provided for laboratory work. Proper disinfection and good hand hygiene practices could minimize the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection at work. All residual risk levels of the potential hazards identified were within the acceptable level. Contamination by gloved hands was considered as a major exposure route for SARS-CoV-2 when compared with eye protection equipment. Competence in proper donning and doffing of PPE accompanied by hand washing techniques was of utmost importance for infection control.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2015

산업화가 가속화되면서 화석 연료의 사용이 늘어나고 있어 지구 온난화와 기상 이변 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 국제적인 협약이 이루어지는 등 노력은 계속되고 있으나 여전히 화석 연료의 사용은 늘고 있는 추세이다. 공공자전거는 자동차 위주의 교통 시스템이 가지고 있는 문제를 해결하고 사용자의 건강까지 챙길 수 있는 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 공공자전거가 가지고 있는 문제를 해결하고 최근의 스마트폰 사용 트렌드에 맞는 새로운 융복합 공공자전거 시스템을 제안하려고 한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 공공자전거 시스템은 기존의 시스템에 비해 설치비가 저렴하고 운영비도 적게 드는 장점이 있다. 실제 운영사례를 통해 본 연구에서 제안한 시스템의 효용성을 증명하고자 한다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.1285-1296
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• 2015

완전 공영제의 전단계로 준공영제로의 과도기로서 지역별 사례들도 연구과제로 극히 제한적이지만 일부 발표되고 있다. 그러나 이에 대한 보완방법으로 전자정보 통신시스템에 의한 도덕적인 해이를 제도로서 최소화 할 수 있어 본 논문에서는 전자정보 체제의 접목의 방법과 준 공영제 도입에 따른 안전에 초점을 맞추고 여수지역을 구체적인 사례로 논지를 전개 해 나갔다. 사회적인 자산의 공공적인 관리로서 버스의 안전운영에 대한 문제점들도 개선들도 부분 언급하였다. 대중교통수단으로서 버스가 조세로서 지원을 통해 운영됨으로써 공익적인 감시체계를 통하여 지역주민들의 사고로부터 보호라는 안전망의 확보들도 크게 요청되고 있는 실정이다. 준공영제의 경영형식을 통한 현장에서의 성공적인 모형으로 창출을 위한 제안도 덧붙였다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.187-206
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• 2011

본 연구는 경기도 고양시에 속한 I 신도시를 대상으로 이 신도시 건설과정에서의 공공도서관 건립의 문제점과 개선점을 밝히고, 이 결과를 새로운 신도시 건설에 적용하여 바람직한 공공도서관 건립이 되도록 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. I 신도시는 계획대로 4개 도서관을 모두 건립하였고, 이들 도서관의 입지는 매우 양호했다. 그러나 도서관의 건립은 상당히 지체되어 심지어 한 도서관은 신도시 계획 수립 후 18년 후에 건립되었다. 4개 도서관의 규모는 현재의 우리나라 평균 보다 매우 크다. 도서관 운영조직은 이상적인 형태라기 보기 어렵다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.357-369
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• 2006

All over the country tries to clarify the content of 'Public Policy' in recognition and implementation of Foreign Arbitral Awards : it makes comments of the international consensus of Geneva Convention(1927), New York Convention(1958) and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Policy, and it takes a general view of domestic laws how they deal with Public policy and Foreign Arbitral Awards. Foreign Arbitral Awards should be appropriately respected and implementation by the courts of countries encourage parties in a legal procedure to refuse enforcement by invoking "Public Policy." In order to cope with such invocations, the purport of the above recommendation on Foreign Arbitral Awards should be internationally recognized and the exceptional circumstances should be restricted unless the International Court of Arbitral Awards is not established a Dr. Holtzmann/Schwebel brought forward. In this paper suggests the list of the exceptional circumstances. Korean Arbitration Law stipulates as the Civil proceeding Law did, "good morals and the social order of the Republic of Korea" as a ground for refusing enforcement of Arbitral Awards. Studies on counteraction against invocations of Public Policy to refuse enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards should be developed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2021

The aim of the study is to explore the impact of intellectual capital and knowledge management on public sector innovation and also role knowledge management as the mediator variable. The study applied a descriptive quantitative method and by using a simple random sampling approach to 200 civil workers in Indonesian government entities. The data was gathered using an online questionnaire technique and analyzed using the AMOS program for structural equation modeling (SEM). According to the findings of the research, intellectual capital has a substantial influence on knowledge management. As a result, intellectual capital and knowledge management have a significant impact on public sector innovation, with knowledge management serving as a mediator between intellectual capital and public sector innovation. Besides that, the findings of this study suggest that organizations can increase innovation by choosing the right intellectual capital and utilizing good knowledge management. This work addresses a vacuum in the literature on applying knowledge management in the public sector, and so adds substantially to the theoretical progress of the area. Moreover, this is the first study to test the mediating role of knowledge management in the relationship between intellectual capital and innovation in the public sector of a developed country.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.541-552
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating role of performance information use in the relationship between result-oriented culture and organizational performance. The data were collected from chief accountants and managers working in public-sector organizations in Vietnam. The analysis was based on the 197 completed questionnaires by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). For the test research model and hypotheses, the supporting tool is SmartPLS 3 software. Research findings show that result-oriented culture is positively associated with organizational performance, and that performance information use is a mediating mechanism that explains how a result-oriented culture leads to higher performance in public organizations. The findings of this study suggest that the results-oriented culture, not only directly improves organizational performance, but also indirectly does so by the use of performance information. This study provides evidence for theoretical understanding of the impact of result-oriented culture on the performance of public-sector organizations through performance information use, and suggests practical implications for public organizations in applying result-oriented culture to foster using performance measurement and improve organizational performance. In order to achieve good performance, public-sector organizations need to create and spread result-oriented culture and enhance the use of performance information for decision-making.