• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.64
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• pp.31-58
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• 2013

With the expansion of digital media platform, there has been a new conceptualization about public function of public broadcasting in and around European countries. Although there are differences between countries, Universal Access including smart and Internet media has been emphasized in Britain and France. However, there is lack of public discussion on service strategy of Internet and smart media platform when public function of public broadcasting is discussed. Therefore, this study tried to investigate not only the public function of public broadcasting in the field of Internet and smart media through audience research but also how the national public broadcasting stations ensure public interest and competitiveness in the field of Internet and smart media platform. The results suggested that smart phone users evaluated real-time broadcasting and VOD are the most important services among the public functions which public broadcasting stations have to persue. Futhermore, the users showed high intension to use when the free real-time broadcasting service is offered. Therefore, public broadcasting stations have to improve the social recognition on necessity and public interest of public broadcasting stations through the free real-time broadcasting services on Internet and smart media platform. And policies which can ensure competitiveness in the era of digital media are needed to become important broadcasting institute.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.3-25
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• 2022

The governance structure of public broadcasters is the hottest topic in domestic media policy. This study examines the flow of discussions by period by synthesizing the research literature on the governance structure of domestic public broadcasting since 2000. As a result, active discussion on the governance structure of public broadcasting was confirmed to have appeared following the conservative governments after 2008, derived from the "crisis theory of public broadcasting." In addition, the discussion was conducted centered on the public values of public broadcasting and direction of system improvement, political independence of public broadcasting, composition of the board of directors, and presidential election system. This study suggested that future discussions on the governance structure of public broadcasting should expand the existing discussion of political independence to encompass the values, responsibilities, and systems of public broadcasting that presuppose citizen participation.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2003

Since the 1960s in Korea, major broadcasting channels broadcasted farm television programs, however, airing of these programs were reduced in the 1990s. This was due to the declining number of farmers, and the low popularity rating of farm television programs. To cope with the situation, agriculture businessmen, farmers, and the officials concerned tried to acquire the independent farming television channel in cable television and satellite television, In 1998, one cable television channel started broadcasting, while another channel in satellite television began its broadcasting in 2001. One of the major concerns of the people in the broadcasting was actualization of the public interests in the new media multi-channel age. Recognizing this point, the study explored a few areas of concern such as conceptualizations of the public interest of the people in the digital age, examination of the surroundings of program production and marketing, and survey the media use behavior of target audience - rural residents; In the concept of the public interest, there are two points of view; market focused and democratic principle oriented. As the digitalization of broadcast advances and the logic of economics prevails, it is difficult to offer the public broadcasting service to farmers, however, democratic principles should be more emphasized. The rural resident prefer major terrestrial television channel to cable television and satellite television channel, and in media use behavior, the medium of major terrestrial television would be more useful for farm broadcasting.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.72
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• pp.121-145
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• 2015

The public broadcasting in Korea are currently financed primarily through license fees paid by anyone who holds a TV set. This paper aimed for other options; How can we have a stable cash flow for public broadcasting account for right incentives, lack of sufficient government intervention, efficiency and quality? As this paper shows, bringing taxes more efficient and fairer, while a solid foundation for the public broadcasting finance; combined with an incentive based payment system this may be a sensible alternative to the forthcoming poll tax.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.107-128
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• 2020

In recent years, many users preferred video records, and as the broadcasting video data becomes necessary, the demand for video records' use has increased. However, most broadcasters' archive agencies currently provide archive services only for internal employees, and for the general public. In this study, the web-based online information services provided to the general public in the archive sites of domestic and foreign public broadcasting companies were examined and analyzed. The evaluation criteria for the web-based records information services were identified in three service areas: online accessibility, search and online browsing, and outreach or expansion services. The overseas public broadcasters' web-based services and the public broadcasting companies' current status were examined for each area. Based on the examination, direction improvements, such as providing online search and records, developing various outreach services, and expanding user levels were proposed for the information services on broadcasting video data in public broadcasting companies for the general public.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.179-202
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• 2010

Broadcasting services sector has been facing strong public pressure to shift gears from regulation to deregulation since mid-1990s, where a triggering role was played particularly by rapid development of IT technology and content digitization. Major agenda was how to reduce regulatory divides between more liberal telecommunication sector and less liberal broadcasting. After all, common solution package worldwide was for the latter to switch over from network-dependent(vertical) to network-independent(horizontal) regulation, and to facilitate more open and competitive transmission with content market kept protected. This is no other than decoupling content provision from broadcasting and promoting market access towards the latter. Policy experiences of US and UK show that there exists a complementary relationship between quantitative and qualitative restrictions in implementing such deregulation. While mitigating quantitative ownership regulations in broadcasting, they also sought to systematize, so-called, PIT(public interest test) as a qualitative safety device to cope with the risk of losing fundamental public values accordingly in broadcasting. Recent domestic progress in broadcasting legislation in 2009, however, seems to overlook the growing importance of PIT in the process of deregulation. Bearing this motivation in mind and taking account of the relevant WTO disciplines, this paper is to address policy issues and suggestions for PIT in Korea's broadcasting services sector.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.590-626
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• 2009

The limitation and scarcity of broadcasting waves provide important rationale behind the idea of public ownership of broadcasting waves which can facilitate communications among people with diverse backgrounds and values in the society. Independence of broadcasting industry from the regulatory organization is imperative for the broadcasting industry to serve the public interest that has been historically defined by each county. For the Korean broadcasting industry, history of modern Korea taught us that the broadcasting regulatory organizations such as Korea Communications Commission(KCC) should be kept from any political influence for the industry to best serve the public. Recent controversies on the role of the CEO of KBS and the appointment of the CEO of YTN by the president of the country provide evidence that the independence of broadcasting in Korean society is a critical topic. This study examined the corporate structures of broadcasting industry and the political independence of the industry in relation to the changes in the concept of public interest and the role of broadcasting. It is critically important to investigate the political independence of broadcasting in Korea because the core argument of independence of broadcasting which is about the freedom of expression protected by the constitution is still contested in the country. For the purpose of collecting diverse perspectives on broadcasting, survey method was adopted in this study. Three groups Abstracts 697 of participants were recruited: reporters, experts in the field, and regular citizens. The result indicated that the independence of broadcasting was in the process of deterioration. Also, the participants of the study understood that it was impossible for the broadcasting to serve the public interest when the broadcasting was not free from the influence of regulatory institutions such as KCC.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.66
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• pp.110-132
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• 2014

This study attempts to redefine the concept of 'fairness' of Korean public broadcasting and tries to build a new model for evaluating the fairness of Korean public broadcasting. The author insists that the fairness in public broadcasting consists of binary components of the public and rightful reporting, and views that the public reporting represents of neutralness, balance and impartiality while the rightful reporting represents of factuality, multiplicity and the protection of social minorities. The author suggests that two criteria of the public and rightful reporting results in four models of 'shepherd', 'acrobat', 'tribune', and 'trumpeter' in accord with its focus on the public and the rightful reporting. Survey toward the professionals in public broadcasting in academia was conducted and addressed the fact that Korean public broadcasting is close to the trumpeter model with some feature of acrobat.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.22
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• pp.7-38
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• 2003

This study is primarily concerned with the discussion about the crisis of Korean Public Service Broadcasting within the context of changing media environment. The study firstly attempts to explain the causes of current problems of Public Service Broadcasting in general, and categorizes the patterns of Western countries' reactions to cope with the problems. Secondly, the present study deals with the case of Korean Public Service Broadcasting. This paper argues that Korean Public Service Broadcasters have adopted four salient strategies: 1) They have tried to achieve high program ratings based on non-distinctive programming; 2) They have preferred the commercial advertising revenues as the primary financial resource; 3) They have attempted to expand their social power while exploiting their program contents; 4) Finally, they have tried to be a sole player in the decision making process, independent from all the other social forces such as the state, capital, and the civil organizations. This study suggests that four strategies should be reconsidered because those are far from the original ideas of Public Service Broadcasting.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.33
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• pp.169-191
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• 2006

Changing our monopoly broadcasting advertising system into free competition system may give rise to serious troubles that intensify commercialism of broadcasting and reduce diversity of public opinion. In the boundaries of public interest out of danger, korean broadcasting system should adopt a system that partially adopts the principle of free market. Broadcasting advertising sale system affect the whole broadcasting system because it functions as an effective capital-resource provider. Thus, it affects the broadcasting policies' righteousness and efficiency. Due to the non-elastic nature of the total advertising market, broadcasting advertising's size affects other media's capital allocation process. Therefore, broadcasting advertising sales system not only affects broadcast's social duty and public interest, but also affects the whole media industry. First, provide fair and open-competitive measures to support broadcast sales policy so that the market-based system can be run smoothly. Second, block any un-due influence from advertisers by separating production/programming and advertising sales. Third, sustain public broadcast system, not based on the advertising sales but based on the subscription fee. Fourth, social intervention of the advertising market. Fifth, provide policies that can set up multiple media channels/outlets and public opinion. By providing the minimum capital resources to the public broadcasting system, the broadcasting system can act on its public-interest duty and support the people's right-to-know rights.