• 제목/요약/키워드: Pt counter electrode

검색결과 105건 처리시간 0.026초

Tio2 나노튜브의 열처리 온도에 따른 Anatase 상의 분포와 그에 따른 광 촉매 효율 (Distribution of Anatase Phase Depending on the Thermal Treatment Temperature of Tio2 Nanotubes and Its Effects on the Photocatalytic Efficiency)

  • 김세임;황지훈;이승욱;김락경;손수민;;양준모;양비룡
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.331-335
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to characterize the photo-catalytic efficiency of $TiO_2$ nanotube with respect to the distribution of anatase phase which can be changed by the annealing temperature of $TiO_2$ nanotube. $TiO_2$ nanotube was fabricated by the anodization method in the 0.5 wt% HF electrolyte. And then the $TiO_2$ nanotube was annealed at temperatures ranging from $380^{\circ}C$ to $780^{\circ}C$ in dry oxygen ambient for 2 h. For the photo-catalytic water-splitting tests, the photocurrent density was measured as a function of applied potential with a potentiostat using a Ag/AgCl reference, Pt counter electrode, and 1 M KOH electrolyte under illumination of UV by a Xe arc lamp of 1 KW. According to the UV photo-catalytic water-splitting tests, the nanotube annealed at $560^{\circ}C$ was found to show the highest photocurrent density.

염료감응형 광전기화학 물분해 전지용 Tri-branched tri-anchoring organic dye 개발 (Tri-branched tri-anchoring organic dye for Visible light-responsive dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water-splitting cells)

  • 박정현;김재홍;안광순
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.87-87
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    • 2010
  • Photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems are promising methods of producing H2 gas using solar energy in an aqueous solution. The photoelectrochemical properties of numerous metal oxides have been studied. Among them, the PEC systems based on TiO2 have been extensively studied. However, the drawback of a PEC system with TiO2 is that only ultraviolet (UV) light can be absorbed because of its large band gap (3.2 - 3.4 eV). Two approaches have been introduced in order to use PEC cells in the visible light region. The first method includes doping impurities, such as nitrogen, into TiO2, and this technique has been extensively studied in an attempt to narrow the band gap. In comparison, research on the second method, which includes visible light water splitting in molecular photosystems, has been slow. Mallouk et al. recently developed electrochemical water-splitting cells using the Ru(II) complex as the visible light photosensitizer. the dye-sensitized PEC cell consisted of a dye-sensitized TiO2 layer, a Pt counter electrode, and an aqueous solution between them. Under a visible light (< 3 eV) illumination, only the dye molecule absorbed the light and became excited because TiO2 had the wide band gap. The light absorption of the dye was followed by the transfer of an electron from the excited state (S*) of the dye to the conduction band (CB) of TiO2 and its subsequent transfer to the transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The electrons moved through the wire to the Pt, where the water reduction (or H2 evolution) occurred. The oxidized dye molecules caused the water oxidation because their HOMO level was below the H2O/O2 level. Organic dyes have been developed as metal-free alternatives to the Ru(II) complexes because of their tunable optical and electronic properties and low-cost manufacturing. Recently, organic dye molecules containing multi-branched, multi-anchoring groups have received a great deal of interest. In this work, tri-branched tri-anchoring organic dyes (Dye 2) were designed and applied to visible light water-splitting cells based on dye-sensitized TiO2 electrodes. Dye 2 had a molecular structure containing one donor (D) and three acceptor (A) groups, and each ended with an anchoring functionality. In comparison, mono-anchoring dyes (Dye 1) were also synthesized. The PEC response of the Dye 2-sensitized TiO2 film was much better than the Dye 1-sensitized or unsensitized TiO2 films.

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효소고정화 방법에 따른 콜레스테롤 검출용 바이오센서의 전류 감응도 분석 (Analysis of Amperometric Response to Cholesterol according to Enzyme-Immobilization Methods)

  • 지정윤;김미라
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.731-738
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    • 2011
  • 콜레스테롤의 신속하고 정확한 새로운 분석방법을 모색하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 전기적 전도성이 우수한 MWCNT를 이용하여 전극을 제작하였고, 여러 가지 효소고정화 방법을 통해 전기화학적 감응도 분석을 실시하였다. MWCNT의 전도성을 향상시키기 위해 아민기를 도입한 MWCNT-$NH_2$를 제조하였고, MWCNT-$NH_2$/GCE에 PB를 점착하여 작업전극을 제조하였다. 제조한 작업전극은 0.5~500 ${\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ 농도 범위에서 농도가 증가함에 따라 전류가 비례적으로 증가하였고, 검출한계는 0.1 ${\mu}M$로 나타나 전극이 높은 감도를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 콜레스테롤 검출을 위해 적합한 효소 반응기를 제작하기 위해 담체인 aminopropyl glass beads, CNBr-activated sepharose, Na-alginate, toyopearl beads에 cholesterol oxidase를 고정화시켜 바이오센서의 콜레스테롤 표준용액에 대한 감응도를 측정한 결과, aminopropyl glass beads과 CNBr-activated sepharose는 1~100 ${\mu}M$ 범위에서 선형관계를 보였으며, Na-alginate는 5~50 ${\mu}M$의 범위에서, toyopearl beads는 1~50 ${\mu}M$ 범위에서 선형관계를 나타내었다. 검출한계는 제작된 효소반응기 모두 1 ${\mu}M$로 나타나 콜레스테롤에 대한 높은 검출력을 보여주었으나, 특히 CNBr-activated sepharose와 Na-alginate를 이용한 효소반응기가 높은 coupling efficiency와 감응도를 보여 콜레스테롤 검출을 위한 본 바이오 센서 시스템에 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

폴라로그래피를 이용한 $[^{201}Tl]$염화탈륨 주사액의 중금속 분석 (Analysis of Heavy Metals in $[^{201}Tl]$TICI Injection Using Polarography)

  • 전권수;서용섭;양승대;안순혁;김상욱;최강혁;이동훈;임상무;유국현
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.336-343
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    • 2000
  • 목적: $[^{201}Tl]$TICI주사액의 제조과정에서 안정동위원소인 $^{201}Tl$ 및 Cu, Pb의 중금속을 함유할 가능성이 있어 이러한 이물질을 확인하기 위한 방법으로 방사성 물질의 대기오염을 일으키지 않는 폴라로그래피의 분석 조건을 설정하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 원자력병원에서 생산하고 있는 $[^{201}Tl]$-TlCl 주사액에 포함될 수 있는 중금속을 대상으로 하였다. 극미량의 중금속을 측정하기 위한 방법으로 BAS-50W 폴라로그래피를 이용하였고, 여기에 사용된 3 전극계는 작업전극인 DME, 기준전극인 Ag/AgCl 그리고 보조전극인 백금선을 이용하였다. 신속하고 재현성있는 분석을 위한 조건으로 기기의 분석 모드, 각 모드에 적합한 전극, 지지전해질, 석출시간 등의 치적 조건을 설정하였다. 결과: 폴라로그래피의 모드는 OSWSV 방법이 재현성과 감도면에서 가장 우수하였고, 작업전극은 DME와 Au 전극을 비교 실험한 결과 재현성 면에서 DME가 보다 좋은 결과를 보였다. 지지전해질은 염기성인 0.50 M KOH 용액, 산성인 1.0 M $HNO_3$, 용액, 중 성인 pH 7 phosphate 완충용액을 비교 실험하여 pH 7 phosphate 완충용액이 $Tl^+$$Cu^{2+}$를 분석하는데 가장 적합함을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 중금속을 측정한 결과 $Tl^+$은 -450 mV, $Cu^{2+}$는 -50 mV에서 각각의 피크가 나타났고, 석출시간을 45초로 하였을 때 $Tl^+$의 경우 y=2.05E-$9{\chi}$+5.66E-9이고 $Cu^{2+}$의 경우는 y=1.23E-$8{\chi}$+1.23E-6의 선형 관계식을 얻었다. 결론: 이 방법에 의한 Tl과 Cu의 검출한계는 약 0.05 ppm이다. 이 방법을 현재 원자력병원에서 생산하고 있는 $[^{201}Tl]$TICl 주사액의 정도관리에 도입하여 중금속을 측정한 결과 약전에서 규정하고 있는 2 ppm 미만임을 확인하였고, 그 결과는 재현성, 정확도, 감도 및 간편성에서 모두 만족할 수 있었다. 이 방법은 $[^{201}Tl]$TlCl 주사액 뿐만 아니라 $^{67}Ga$ 주사액 및 기타 방사성의약품과 중금속 분석에도 응용할 수 있다.

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New Liquid Crystal-Embedded PVdF-co-HFP-Based Polymer Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

  • Vijayakumar, G.;Lee, Meyoung-Jin;Song, Myung-Kwan;Jin, Sung-Ho;Lee, Jae-Wook;Lee, Chan-Woo;Gal, Yeong-Soon;Shim, Hyo-Jin;Kang, Yong-Ku;Lee, Gi-Won;Kim, Kyung-Kon;Park, Nam-Gyu;Kim, Suhk-Mann
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.963-968
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    • 2009
  • Liquid crystal (LC; E7 and/or ML-0249)-embedded, poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-co-HFP)-based, polymer electrolytes were prepared for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The electrolytes contained 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (PMII), tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), and iodine ($I_2$), which participate in the $I_3^-/I^-$ redox couple. The incorporation of photochemically stable PVdF-co-HFP in the DSSCs created a stable polymer electrolyte that resisted leakage and volatilization. DSSCs, with liquid crystal(LC)-embedded PVdF-co-HFP-based polymer electrolytes between the amphiphilic ruthenium dye N719 absorbed to the nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ photoanode and the Pt counter electrode, were fabricated. These DSSCs displayed enhanced redox couple reduction and reduced charge recombination in comparison to that fabricated from the conventional PVdF-co-HFP-based polymer electrolyte. The behavior of the polymer electrolyte was improved by the addition of optimized amounts of plasticizers, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC). The significantly increased short-circuit current density ($J_{sc}$, $14.60\;mA/cm^2$) and open-circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$, 0.68 V) of these DSSCs led to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.42% and a fill factor of 0.65 under a standard light intensity of $100\;mW/cm^2$ irradiation of AM 1.5 sunlight. A DSSC fabricated by using E7-embedded PVdF-co-HFP-based polymer electrolyte exhibited a maximum incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 50%.