• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2018

PURPOSE. In this study, the shear bond strengths (SBS) of luting cements to fixed superstructure metal surfaces under various seating forces were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seven different cements [Polycarboxylate (PCC), Glass-Ionomer (GIC), Zinc phospahate (ZPC), Self-adhesive resin (RXU), Resin (C&B), and Temporary cements ((RXT) and (TCS))] were bonded to a total number of 224 square blocks ($5{\times}5{\times}3mm$) made of one pure metal [Titanium (CP Ti) and two metal alloys [Gold-Platinum (Au-Pt) and Cobalt-Chrome (Co-Cr)] under 10 N and 50 N seating forces. SBS values were determined and data were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA. Pairwise comparisons and interactions among groups were analyzed with Tukey's simultaneous confidence intervals. RESULTS. Overall mean scores indicated that Co-Cr showed the highest SBS values ($1.96{\pm}0.4$) (P<.00), while Au-Pt showed the lowest among all metals tested ($1.57{\pm}0.4$) (P<.00). Except for PCC/CP Ti, RXU/CP Ti, and GIC/Au-Pt factor level combinations (P<.00), the cements tested under 10 N seating force showed no significantly higher SBS values when compared to the values of those tested under 50 N seating force (P>.05). The PCC cement showed the highest mean SBS score ($3.59{\pm}0.07$) among all cements tested (P<.00), while the resin-based temporary luting cement RXT showed the lowest ($0.39{\pm}0.07$) (P<.00). CONCLUSION. Polycarboxylate cement provides reliable bonding performance to metal surfaces. Resin-based temporary luting cements can be used when retrievability is needed. GIC is not suitable for permanent cementation of fixed dental prostheses consisting of CP Ti or Au-Pt substructures.

• 공업화학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 수정된 폴리올법에 의해 합성된 백금-이트륨 및 백금-니켈 합금 촉매들의 성능 및 특성 평가를 진행하였다. 그렇게 합성된 합금 촉매들은 고분자전해질연료전지의 공기극 촉매로 사용되며 그 촉매들의 산소환원반응성 및 연료전지의 전기적 성능이 측정되고 상업적으로 사용되는 백금 촉매와 해당하는 결과들이 비교되었다. 성능 및 특성 비교를 위해, 백금 합금 촉매들의 입자크기와 분포는 투과전자현미경에 의해 관측되었고 활성표면적은 반복주사 전압-전류법에 의해 측정되었으며 그들의 산소환원반응성 및 연료전지의 전기적 성능은 회전원판 및 회전-고리 원판전극을 이용한 선형주사 전압-전류법 및 완전지 테스트를 통해 평가되었다. 그 결과 백금 합금 촉매들의 구조적 특성인 입자크기 및 분포 및 활성표면적은 상용 백금 촉매와 그 특성이 비슷하였다. 촉매들의 산소환원반응성의 경우에도 백금 합금 촉매들은 상용 백금 촉매와 비슷하거나 더 나은 반파장전위, 속도론적 전류밀도, 산소분자당 전이되는 전자수, 과산화수소 생성율을 나타내었다. 촉매의 구조적 특성 및 산소환원반응성에 입각해서 완전지 성능을 평가했을 때, 백금 합금 촉매들은 상용백금 촉매보다 더 우수한 0.6 V에서 전류밀도 및 최대출력밀도 값을 나타내었다. 이를 토대로 수정된 폴리올법에 의해 합성된 백금 합금 촉매들은 상용백금 촉매보다 비슷하거나 우수한 산소환원반응성 및 완전지 성능을 가질 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.734-745
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• 2016

This review article described the electrochemical Frumkin, Langmuir, and Temkin adsorption isotherms of over-potentially deposited hydrogen (OPD H) and deuterium (OPD D) for the cathodic $H_2$ and $D_2$ evolution reactions (HER, DER) at Pt, Ir, Pt-Ir alloy, Pd, Au, and Re/normal ($H_2O$) and heavy water ($D_2O$) solution interfaces. The Frumkin, Langmuir, and Temkin adsorption isotherms of intermediates (OPD H, OPD D, etc.) for sequential reactions (HER, DER, etc.) at electrode/solution interfaces are determined using the phase-shift method and correlation constants, which have been suggested and developed by Chun et al. The basic procedure of the phase-shift method, the Frumkin, Langmuir, and Temkin adsorption isotherms of OPD H and OPD D and related electrode kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, i.e., the fractional surface coverage ($0{\leq}{\theta}{\leq}1$) vs. potential (E) behavior (${\theta}$ vs. E), equilibrium constant (K), interaction parameter (g), standard Gibbs energy (${\Delta}G_{\theta}{^{\circ}}$) of adsorption, and rate (r) of change of ${\Delta}G_{\theta}{^{\circ}}$ with ${\theta}$ ($0{\leq}{\theta}{\leq}1$), at the interfaces are briefly interpreted and summarized. The phase-shift method and correlation constants are useful and effective techniques to determine the Frumkin, Langmuir, and Temkin adsorption isotherms and related electrode kinetic and thermodynamic parameters (${\theta}$ vs. E, K, g, ${\Delta}G_{\theta}{^{\circ}}$, r) at electrode/solution interfaces.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2003

NiCr alloys are prepared onto poly-Si/ $SiO_2$/Si substrates to replace Pt bottom electrode with a new one for integration of high dielectric constant materials. Alloys deposited at Ni and Cr power of 40 and 40 W showed optimum properties in the composition of N $i_{1.6}$C $r_{1.0}$. The grain size of films increases with increasing deposition temperature. The films deposited at 50$0^{\circ}C$ showed a severe agglomeration due to homogeneous nucleation. The NiCr alloys from the rms roughness and resistivity data showed a thermal stability independent of increasing annealing temperature. The 80 nm thick BST films deposited onto N $i_{1.6}$C $r_{1.0}$/poly-Si showed a dielectric constant of 280 and a dissipation factor of about 5 % at 100 kHz. The leakage current density of as-deposited BST films was about 5$\times$10$^{-7}$ A/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at an applied voltage of 1 V. The NiCr alloys are possible to replace Pt bottom electrode with new one to integrate f3r high dielectric constant materials.terials.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2022

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) provide zero emission power sources for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Although significant progresses for the widespread application of electrochemical energy technology have been achieved, some drawbacks such as catalytic activity, durability, and high cost of catalysts still remain. Pt-based catalysts are regarded as the most efficient catalysts for sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, their prohibitive cost limits the commercialization of PEMFCs. Therefore, we proposed a NiCo@Au core shell structure as Pt-free ORR electrocatalyst in PEMFCs. NiCo alloy was synthesized as core to introduce ionization tendency and autoxidation reaction. Au as a shell was synthesized to prevent oxidation of core NiCo and increase catalytic activity for ORR. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical properties, and PEMFCs performance of the novel NiCo@Au core-shell as a catalyst for ORR in PEMFCs application. Based on results of this study, possible mechanism for catalytic of autoxidation core@anti-oxidation shell in PEMFCs is suggested.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Alloying degree is an important structural factor of PtRu catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). In this work, carbon supported PtRu catalysts were synthesized by reduction method using anhydrous ethanol as a solvent and $NaBH_4$ as a reducing agent. Using anhydrous ethanol as a solvent resulted in high alloying degree and good dispersion. The morphological structure and crystallanity of synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). CO stripping and methanol oxidation reaction were measured. Due to high alloying degree catalyst prepared in anhydrous ethanol, exhibited low onset potential for methanol oxidation and negative peak shift of CO oxidation than commercial sample. Consequently, samples, applying ethanol as a solvent, exhibited not only enhanced CO oxidation, but also increased methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity compared with commercial PtRu/C (40 wt%, E-tek) and 40 wt% PtRu/C prepared in water solution.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1998년도 제14회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.133-133
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• 1998

In the thin film alloy formation of the transition metals ion-beam-mixing technique forms a metastable structure which cannot be found in the arc-melted metal alloys. Sppecifically it is well known that the studies about the electronic structure of ion-beam-mixed alloys pprovide the useful information in understanding the metastable structures in the metal alloy. We studied the electronic change in the ion-beam-mixed ppt-Ct alloys by XppS and XANES. These analysis tools pprovide us information about the charge transfer in the valence band of intermetallic bonding. The multi-layered films were depposited on the SiO2 substrate by the sequential electron beam evapporation at a ppressure of less than 5$\times$10-7 Torr. These compprise of 4 ppairs of ppt and Cu layers where thicknesses of each layer were varied in order to change the alloy compposition. Ion-beam-mixing pprocess was carried out with 80 keV Ae+ ions with a dose of $1.5\times$ 1016 Ar+/cm2 at room tempperature. The core and valence level energy shift in these system were investigated by x-ray pphotoelectron sppectroscoppy(XppS) pphotoelectrons were excited by monochromatized Al K ａ(1486.6 eV) The ppass energy of the hemisppherical analyzer was 23.5 eV. Core-level binding energies were calibrated with the Fermi level edge. ppt L3-edge and Cu K-edge XANES sppectra were measured with the flourescence mode detector at the 3C1 beam line of the ppLS (ppohang light source). By using the change of White line(WL) area of the each metal sites and the core level shift we can obtain the information about the electrons pparticippating in the intermetallic bonding of the ion-beam-mixed alloys.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.699-702
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• 2012

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2002년도 연료전지심포지움 2002논문집
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• pp.197-200
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• 2002

The electrooxidation of methanol was studied using carbon-supported PtRu(1:1) alloy nanoparticles In sulfuric acid solution for application to a direct methanol fuel cell. The GNF-supported catalyst showed excellent catalytic activities compared to those of Vulcan XC-72. The structure and electrocatalytic activity of carbon-supported electrocatalyst were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CV and CA confirmed the advantage of GNF as the supporting material. This can be explained by assuming that the enhanced activities of GNF-supported catalyst for methanol electrooxidation were caused by the unique properties of GNF.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2004

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized by arc-discharge method. To fabricate CNT sensor, CNT powder was dispersed in ${\alpha}$-Terpinol($C_{10}H_{17}OH$) solution. The CNT tilms were fabricated by screen printing method on the interdigitated Pt/Pd alloy electrode. The microstructure of CNT film was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to investigate the gas sensing characteristics of the film, the CNT film was experimented to measure NO response and recovery time. The CNT sensor with a heater was compared to that without a heater. And this sensor shows better reproductibility and faster recovery time than another CNT sensors. We suggest the possibility to utilize a CNT as new sensing materials for environmental monitoring.