• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표논문집 논문집
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• pp.17-23
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• 1999

• 감성과학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2000

Psychoacoustic characteristics of automobile horns play significant role in resulting subjective evaluation and psychphysiological reactions. However, comparison and differentiation of physiological responses to commercially available horns is a complicated task due to the small contrast in technical features of horns and the influence of such processes as habituation on physiological outcome with the increased number of auditory stimulation trials. In a study on 10 college students, there was performed comparative analysis of reactivity of physiological responses mediated by central and autonomic nervous systems in order to identify the role of habituation on decrement of psychophysiological responsivity and assess the ability to differentiate subjectively most and least preferred, as well as most and least appropriate horns according to physiological manifestations. The EEG and autonomic responses to 7 automobile horns were analyzed during 3 blocks of trials, with varying order of stimuli and changed acoustic parameters of horns in each block. Thus, responses were analyzed for totally 21 trials of auditory stimulation. It was shown that electrodermal and cardiovascular responses have different reactivity patterns to repeated stimulation: skin conductance measures habituated, cardiac reactivity showed no signs of habituation, and the vascular response demonstrated sensitization. The temporal EEG exhibited marked habituation of fast beta band power, while alpha-blocking effect did not habituate during the course of experiment. Differentiation of physiological responses of most and least preferred and appropriate horns was possible in our study, however, some cardiovascular reactivity measures differentiated during the entire course of the experiment, while EEG and electrodermal parameters showed significant differences only during first block of trials, and were later affected by the habituation.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1999년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제18권 1호
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• pp.269-273
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• 1999

Combination of mental stress task with noise background is a traditional tool employed in psychophysiology. However, intensity of background noise is a factor affecting both performance on test and psychophysiological responses associated with stress evoked by mental load in noisy environment. In the current study on 7 subjects we analyzed the influence of white noise (WN) intensity (55, 70, and 85 dB[A] ) on psychophysiological responses during word recognition test performed on noise background. There were recorded following physiological variables: electrodermal activity (EDA) , namely, skin conductance level (SCL), skin conductance response (SCR) amplitude (SCR-A), rise time and total number of SCRs (N-SCR); cardiovascular activity, e.g., heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) index, pulse transit time (PTT), finger pulse volume (PV), skin temperature (SKT) and respiratory activity, such as respiration rate (RESP-R) and inspiration wane amplitude (RESP-A) during baseline resting state and 40 s long performance on 3 similar Korean word recognition tests with different WN intensity (55, 70, and 85 dB). Electrodermal responses (SCR-A, SCL, N-SCR) demonstrated gradual increment with increased intensity of noise, and this increase of response magnitude with higher intensity of noise was typical also for r skin temperature (phasic SKT decrease) and pulse volume (phasic and tonic PV decrease). However, some cardiovascular and respiratory responses did not exhibit same tendency of gradual increase of reactivity , namely HR, as well as RESP-R and RESP-A showed decrement of response magnitudes. Important finding in terms of cardiovascular reactivity was that 55 and 70dB evoked similar profiles, while 85dB WN resulted in significantly different profile of reactions, suggesting that there exists a threshold level after which intensive auditory stimulation elicits psychophyslological responses pattern of different quality. There are discussed potential autonomic mechanism involved in mediation of observed physiological responses.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2012

영상 콘텐츠가 2D와 3D의 다른 차원에서 재현되었을 때 수용자의 심리적 반응에는 어떠한 차이가 있는지 보다 종합적으로 알아보기 위하여 본 연구는 유인가와 각성과 같은 콘텐츠의 내용적 특성이 영상의 입체성과 연계되어 수용자의 자기보고식(self-report) 설문과 수용자의 생리심리학적(psychophysiology) 반응에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 동일한 영상이라도 3D로 시청하였을 때 수용자의 피부전도계수(SCL)는 유의미하게 높았던 반면, 심장박동(HR)의 경우 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 3D 영상에서 수용자의 실재감 인식이 더 높게 나타나는 것으로 분석되었으나, 인지적 정보처리를 표식하는 회상기억에서 입체성에 따른 효과는 발견되지 않았다. 흥미롭게도 수용자의 실재감과 이용의사에서 콘텐츠의 내용적 특성 중 유인가가 입체성과 상호작용효과를 보였다. 부정적인 콘텐츠는 3D 영상에서 긍정적인 콘텐츠는 2D 영상에서 보다 높은 실재감과 이용의사를 이끌어내는 것으로 나타났다. 3D 영상 산업의 발전을 위해 영상의 입체성과 콘텐츠의 속성이 가지는 상호관계에 대한 논의가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.211-215
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• 1999

It is well known that a long-term exposure to a loud noise environment affects performance, since it distracts attention, and also is able to evoke stress accompanied by negative emotional states. The purpose of this study was to analyze dynamics of subjective and physiological variables during long-lasting (30 min) exposure to intensive white noise (85 dB[A]). Physiological signals on 23 college students were recorded by BIOPAC, Grass Neurodata systems and AcqKnowledge 3.5 software. Autonomic variables, namely skin conductance level (SCL), non-specific SCR number (N-SCR), inter-beat intervals in ECG (RR intervals), heart rate variability index (HF/LF ratio of HRV), respiration rate (RESP), and skin temperature (SKT) were analyzed on 5 min epoch basis. Psychological assessment (subjective rating of stress level) was also repeated on every 5 min basis. Regression and correlation analyses were employed to trace the time course of the dynamics of the subjective and autonomic physiological variables and their relationship. Results showed that intense noise evokes subjective stress with associated autonomic nervous system responses. However, it was shown that physiological variables endure specific changes in the process of exposure to loud white noise. Discussed are probable psychophysiological mechanisms mediating reactivity to long-term auditory stimulation of high intensity.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.186-189
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• 2002

The footwear such as socks and shoes is the clothing which are necessary to our life. In this study, clothing comfort of the footwear was carried out by physiological responses and subjective evaluation. As a result, the effect to walking comfort by the height of a heel in female shoes became clear. Then suitability evaluation system of shoes was proposed from the measuring results. On the other hands, the clothing comfort of the hosiery was evaluated from ECG analysis. By this analysis, it became clear that the factor which influences the clothing comfort of the hosiery was the clothes pressure in the hosiery. In the future, plane shape of the foot and solid shape must be considered in order to design the hosiery.

• 감성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2002

자동차 시뮬레이터에서 운전 형태에 따른 감성을 평가하기 위하여 운전자의 심리생리적 반응을 측정하였다. 운전 형태는 정차, 정속주행(70km/h), 급출발(0km/h$\longrightarrow$70km/h)및 급제동(70km/h$\longrightarrow$0km/h)으로 하였다. 피험자는 운전경력이 1년 이상인 20대 남자 12명을 대상으로 Simulator Sickness 및 주관적 쾌적감과 각성감, 뇌파(Electroencep-halogram), 심전도(Electrocardiogram), 피부온도(Skin temperature), 피부전기저항(Galvanic skin response)을 측정하였다. 주관적, 생리적 평가는 각 주행조건에서 주행 전과 후에 실시하였다. 실험결과 정차 및 정속 주행보다 급출발 및 급제동 조건에서 쾌적감과 각성감은 높아졌다. 생리적으로는 정차 및 정속 주행보다 급출발 및 급제동 조건에서 중추신경 반응은 알파파가 감소하였고, 베타파는 증가하였다. 자율신경 반응은 심박율 및 피부전기저항의 증가, 피부온도의 저하로부터 교감신경이 활성화됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 운전 형태에 따라 심리 .생리적인 변화가 뚜렷하였고, 시뮬레이터를 이용한 동적 환경에서의 감성 평가가 가능하였다. 감성에 대한 개인간의 차이를 최소화하고 객관화된 감성을 도출하기 위해서는 앞으로 더 많은 대상자에 대한 측정 자료가 요구된다.

• 감성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2007

많은 정서 연구에서 주관적 경험인 정서를 보다 객관적으로 측정하기 위하여 다양한 생리 반응을 통하여 객관적인 지표로 활용하고 있다. 특히 자율신경계 반응은 그 반응 패턴을 통하여 생리적 각성 여부를 추정할 수 있기 때문에 정서 연구에서 오랫동안 중요한 역할을 해왔다. 본 연구에서는 아동이 부정정서(공포와 혐오)를 느낄 때 나타나는 심리생리반응을 검증하고자 하였다. 47명의 아동(연령: 11-13세, 남: 23명, 여: 24명)을 대상으로 시청각 동영상(Audiovisual Film Clips)을 이용하여 공포와 혐오정서를 유발시킨 후, 이 때의 심리반응 및 자율신 경계 반응(ECG, EDA, PPG, SKT)을 측정하였다. 심리반응 결과, 공포정서는 100%, 혐오정서는 89.4%의 적합성을 보였고, 아동이 경험한 정서 강도(효과성)는 공포 4.05, 혐오 4.07 (5점 만점)인 것으로 나타났다. 자율신경계 반응 결과, 두 정서 모두 대부분의 생리지표에서 안정상태와 정서상태 간의 유의한 차이를 보여주었다. 정서에 따른 차이를 분석한 결과, 공포 정서에서는 피부전도수준, 피부전도반응 수, 심박률, 호흡주기관련 심박률, 호흡수, 심박률 분산의 고주파수 성분에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 반면, 혐오 정서에서는 피부전도수준은 감소하고 피부전도반응의 수는 증가하는 패턴을 보여 공포 정서와 구분되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2009

자연을 비롯한 산림 경관은 인간의 심리적 안정에 큰 역할을 한다고 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 산림 경관의 심리적 안정 효과를 실증적으로 밝혀내고자 수행되었다. 자료의 수집을 위하여 도시, 산림, 산림과 물에 해당되는 각 9개의 경관이 선정되었다. 이들 3 종류의 총 27개 경관사진이 30명의 피험자에게 심리적 생리적 영향이 미치는지를 조사하였다. 심리적 안정을 나타내는 뇌파(${\alpha}$파)와 PRS(Perceived Restorativeness Scale), PANAS(Positive and Negative Affect Schedule)점수가 각각 생리적, 그리고 심리적 연구변수로 측정되었다. 자료의 분석결과 산림과 물, 산림, 그리고 도시 경관 순으로 생리적 심리적 안정에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 감성과학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

Autonomic and EEG responses were analyzed in 32 college students exposed to visual stimulation with Korean Affective Picture System (KAPS) and 36 students exposed to the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Cardiac, electrodermal, and electrocortical measures were recorded during 30 sec of viewing affective pictures. The slides intended to elicit basic emotions (fear, anger, surprise, disgust, and sadness) were presented to subjects via Kodak slide-projector. The aim of the study was to differentiate autonomic and EEG responses associated with the same negative valence emotions elicited by KAPS and IAPS stimulation and to identify the influence of cultural relevance on physiological reactivity. The analysis of obtained results revealed significant differences in physiological responsiveness to emotionally negative valence slides from KAPS and IAPS. The typical response profile for all emotions elicited by the KAPS included HR acceleration (except surprise), and increase of electrodermal activity, slow and fast alpha blocking and fast beta power increase in EEG, which was not associated with significant asymmetry (except fast alpha in sadness). Stimulation with the IAPS evoked HR deceleration, specific electrodermal responses with relatively high tonic electrodermal activation, alpha-blocking and fast beta increase, and was accompanied also by theta power increase and marked frontal asymmetry (e.g., fast beta, theta asymmetries in sadness, fast alpha in fear). Physiological responses to fear and anger-eliciting slides from the IAPS were significantly less profound and were accompanied by autonomic and EEG changes more typical for attention rather than negative affect. Higher cardiovascular and electrodermal reactivity to fear emotion observed in the KAPS, e.g., as compared to data with the IAPS as stimuli, can be explained by cultural relevance and higher effectiveness of the KAPS in producing certain emotions such as fear in Koreans.