• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2021

This study aims to identify the influence of paradoxical leadership on proactive work behavior mediated through psychological safety in the hotel industry. This study employs survey data of five-star deluxe hotels in South Korea using convenience sampling. The number of 270 cases was used for analysis and the hypotheses were analyzed with structural equation modeling and AMOS 20. Paradoxical leadership includes five sub-variables of self-centeredness with other-centeredness (SO) distance and closeness (DC), uniformly and individualization (UI), work requirements and flexibility (RF), and decision control and autonomy (CA). The results indicate that DC, UI, and CA positively influence psychological safety. Further, RF and CA make a positive impact on proactive work. Psychological safety fully mediates the effect of DC and UI on proactive work behavior and partially mediates the effect of CA on it. The findings of this study suggest that the impact of paradoxical leadership on proactive work behavior can be strengthened when this relationship is accompanied with psychological safety and other mediation variables for the relationship need to be further investigated. This study suggests how hotel managers enhance the level of proactive work behavior by training themselves to be paradoxical leaders and making psychologically safe environment.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Purpose - This study examines the positive impact of the social distance between producers and users of online content, investigating and analyzing the most popular Web content. In addition, it tries to elicit the matching effect that appears when the individuals'cultural background is consistent with social distance. Research design, data, and methodology - We collected and analyzed actual data about 4,981 videos clips on YouTube, looking at six countries in order to verify the content of this study. Based on the results of the data analysis, the study conducted behavioral measurements on popularity, social distance, culture, and user engagement. The unit of analysis was the content and we collected information about the content producers and the content records. We controlled the views, comments, likes, calendar dates, and ages in the empirical models. The data was collected in 2011, with the records coming from South Korea, Japan, China, U.S., German, and France. A total of 4,980 elements were analyzed in the model. The empirical model estimated is the bivariate negative binomial distribution (NBD) model. Results - It turns out that there is a possibility that the matching effect can be diminished by variables that reflect the psychological involvement of user engagement. This study proposes academic and practical implications based on these research results. This research shows the positive effect of social distance between users and producers on the increased performance of the online content. We find the effect of social distance to be a stronger tendency in collectivism. The collectivists follow their sense of friendship and intimacy in their culture and, the social congruence effect can be found there as well. The effect, however, could erode in a social case where users are motivated by strong intrinsic and psychological factors. In addition, user engagement complicates the process of user decision making regarding the information. Conclusions - This study examines how the differential effects of social distance caused by culture could disappear through user commitment as a complicated user motivation. Some potential implications are as follows. First, a firm in the collectivism culture has to communicate based on the social distance. In fact, most online channels do not have a function that indicates the social distance as measured by favorites or subscribers. This function could help increase the performance of the content in online channels, but this increasing effect can only be found in a collectivist culture. Based on this, the firms have to communicate and announce to users the actual social distance between users and producers. Second, firms should develop a system that discovers the social distance and culture and shows these measures to users and producers, since the congruence effect between social distance and culture is found only for low user engagement. The firms can take the advantage of the congruence effect only for the development of the social distance and culture visualized system.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1189-1198
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• 2019

The study explores the effects of recording and viewing distances in stereoscopic 3D on presence, perceptual characteristics, and negative experiences. Groups of 20 participants were randomly assigned to each of the three viewing distances, and all participants were exposed to five versions of the stereoscopic 3D music video that differs in recording distance. The results showed that first, viewers felt a higher experience of presence and had a better perception of objects positioned near the cameras. Second, viewers felt a greater perception of screen transmission as the viewing distance increased. Finally, viewers felt a greater negative experiences due to the joint effects of recording and viewing distance. As investigating the influence of stereoscopic 3D content and viewing environments on psychological factors, the study expects to provide a guideline of human factors in 3D.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2022

The article provides a theoretical substantiation of the pedagogical interaction of the subjects of the educational process in the context of distance learning; taking into account the identified features of the implementation of pedagogical interaction defined teaching methods in distance learning; a course has been developed that reveals the features of the pedagogical interaction of participants in the educational process in conditions of distance learning. To solve the tasks and check starting points, a set of methods was used: theoretical: analysis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature, dissertation research, curricula, analysis of the conceptual and terminological system; empirical: questioning, conversation, self-diagnosis.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 창업태도와 행동의도에 영향을 미치는 선행변수로 자기규제초점과 심리적 거리에 주목하였다. 자기규제초점은 향상초점과 예방초점으로 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 향상초점집단과 예방초점집단이 창업에 대한 심리적 거리에 따른 창업태도와 행동의도의 영향력을 이원변량분석을 통해 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 자기규제초점에 따라 창업태도와 행동의도에 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 예방초점집단보다는 향상초점집단에서 행동의도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 심리적 거리에 따라 이들의 영향이 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴본 결과, 향상초점집단에서는 창업에 대해 심리적 거리가 멀 때보다는 가깝다고 느낄 때 창업태도와 창업의도가 높게 나타났다. 반면에 예방초점집단에서는 창업에 대해 가깝다고 느낄 때보다는 멀다고 느낄 때 창업태도와 행동의도가 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 연구의 학문적 의의와 실무적 시사점 그리고 연구의 한계점을 제시하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.627-641
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• 2022

CSV는 사회적가치와 경제적가치를 동시에 추구하는 것을 의미함에도 불구하고, 경제적가치의 주체인 소비자가 인식하는 소비자혜택에 관한 연구는 미비한 상황이다. 본 연구는 소비자를 대상으로 금융기업의 CSV활동이 소비자혜택과 심리적거리를 통해 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 265부의 설문데이터를 수집하였고, SPSS 25.0과 Smart PLS 3.0을 사용하여 연구가설을 검정하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 공정성과 진정성은 사회적혜택과 개인적혜택에 모두 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 소비자가 주관적으로 인식하는 사회적, 개인적혜택은 구매의도에 모두 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 금융기업의 CSV활동으로 소비자가 인식한 사회적혜택은 심리적거리를 매개로 하여 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 개인적혜택의 매개효과는 유의하지 않았다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 금융기업의 CSV활동에 대해 소비자와 구매의도간의 영향을 파악함으로써 CSV활동의 효율성을 높이기 위한 실질적인 제안을 하였으며, 결론 및 시사점과 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.593-606
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• 2019

본 연구는 해석수준이론을 바탕으로 리타게팅 광고의 특성에 맞는 효과적인 메시지 전략을 검토하고자 했다. 먼저 주로 사람들간에 적용되어 온 사회적 거리가 온라인 사이트 유형에 적용가능한지 확인한 후 사이트 유형별 사회적 거리의 효과를 확인하였다. 나아가 사회적 거리와 시간적 거리가 복합적으로 작동할 때 소비자들의 사고수준은 어느 방향으로 활성화되는지, 그에 따른 메시지 효과가 어떻게 달라지는지를 분석하였다. 분석결과 웹사이트 유형별 사회적 거리와 메시지의 해석수준은 기존의 CLT 연구와 일치하였다. 그러나 시간적 거리, 사회적 거리, 그리고 메시지의 해석수준까지 일치할 경우(근미래${\times}$근사회${\times}$구체 메시지 혹은 원미래${\times}$원사회${\times}$추상메시지)에만 광고효과가 더 높을 거라는 주장은 부분적으로만 검증되었다. 또한 두 차원의 거리는 하나의 심리적 공간아래 통합되어 두 심리적 거리 중 하나만이라도 멀면 상위수준으로 사고하게 되기 때문에 두 심리적 거리가 모두 먼 경우와 차이가 없다는 기존의 입장도 기각되었다. 오히려 시간과 사회적 거리가 불일치할 경우, 두 차원 중 메시지의 해석수준이 사회적 거리와 일치할 때 더 효과적인 것으로 나타나 심리적 거리의 영향력이 종류에 따라 다를 수 있다는 추론을 가능하게 했다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Purpose - This study's objective is to analyze the content of the communications between users and producers based on the construal level theory. User generated content refers to content created in an online-based service where users and producers communicate interactively with each other. In a user generated content platform, the messages sent and received between the many players, the users and producers who use the content, may be analyzed at the psychological level based on construal level theory. Research design, data, and methodology - This study gathered user and producer participation through a snow-bowling sampling method. The data analyzed includes 125 video clips and 2,912 comments. The period of the data collection was from September 2014 to December 2014. The collected data was analyzed using a t-test and two-way ANOVA. Results - This study obtained the following research results. First, users who were a short social distance from producers responded to user participatory activities stated in concrete language rather than abstract language. In contrast, users who were at a longer social distance from producers tended to respond to the content requesting user participation through abstract language. Second, if users and producers were at a short social distance from each other, user preference increased more when a producer response to user participation was expressed concretely rather than when it was expressed abstractly. In contrast, if the users were at a longer social distance, users' preferences increased more when producer response was expressed abstractly rather than when it was expressed concretely. Conclusion - This study found that the effect of suitability, in which the social distance and the content were in congruence at the construal level, could be observed. Therefore, based on this, academic and practical implications were drawn. The three main insights of the study are as follows. First, firms can use psychological factors to analyze the message content of users in their distribution platforms. This study reveals managerial implications for marketing managers who want to take make use of this analysis of user and producer communications. This study indicates that the main factors include the concrete and abstract scores and social distance between users and producers. Second, we also provide the strategic guidelines to maximizing user preferences and other outcomes. The main dependent variable in this study is the user preference shift; the variable increases through the congruence effect; and the construal level is determined by the social distance between the users and producers and the type of producer response. The outcomes here from users can be utilized to develop several systemic strategies. One process to use the outcomes could be: (1) firms could measure the users and producers social distance; (2) calculate the concreteness or abstractness of the messages; and, (3) predict the user preference outcomes by the congruence between user and producer social distance and the abstractness or concreteness of the message content.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.546-562
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 그동안 국내 지리학에서 상대적으로 소홀히 다루었던 치유(healing)에 관한 지리적 접근을 검토하고, 심리상담카페의 운영자의 시선을 통해 일상적 삶에서의 치유의 공간의 의미에 대해 생각해 보고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 눈에 드러난 정신과, 심리상담센터 등과 같은 곳은 일종의 문화적 낙인(cultural stigma)의 공간으로 인식되지만, 심리상담카페의 경우에는 이와 같은 심리적 거부감 내지 거리감을 낮춤으로서 치유가 필요한 사람들이 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 곳으로 통하고 있다. 둘째, 현대인들에게 요구되는 치유란 짧은 시간이나마 현실에서 도피할 수 있는 것이라 볼 수 있는데, 이러한 점에 있어서 인스턴트식으로, 기대하지 않았던 공간에서의 치유 활동은 심리상담카페의 이용자들에게 특별한 경험으로 다가오며, 부담스럽지 않은 선에서 반복적이며, 지속적인 치유 경험이 가능한 곳이 된다. 셋째, 심리상담카페는 누구나 이용할 수 있는 열린 공간인 카페로 재탄생함으로서 우리의 일상적 삶에 더 깊숙이 침투할 수 있는 장점을 가진 공간으로 활용되고 있다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2017

Financial products entail either gains or losses, and customers' psychological reaction to these gains and losses affect the selection of the financial products. This study explains the financial customers' behavior by introducing consumers' psychological variables such as loss aversion and construal levels. According to the construal level theory, people use more abstract and higher levels of construal to represent objects that are more distant on psychological distance. Based on extant research about loss aversion and construal levels, this study proposes two hypotheses and test the hypotheses. The experimental study examines how loss aversion affects the choice between deposit products and fund products in short-term and long-term investment situations. In the long-term condition the respondents prefer fund products to deposit products, whereas in the short-term condition the respondents have showed the opposite result. Also, the effects of loss aversion on preferences for financial products have interacted with the time horizon of investments. Implications and limitations are discussed to establish more effective marketing strategies based on the results of this study.