• Food Science and Industry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) is the national symbol and was once the most important temperate fruit crop in Taiwan. Fruiting cultivars were originally introduced from southern China but commercial production was not significant until the 1970s. Currently 6,400 ha of Japanese apricot orchards distribute on shallow mountain hills in the central and the southern part of the island. Taiwanese commercial fruiting cultivars are plausibly chance seedlings or sports from the early introduction and are very low chilling required for budbreak. Ornamental cultivars have been mainly introduced from Japan but cultivations have been limited in high altitude area due to their high chilling requirement. In 2009, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute's breeding program released the first low chill ornamental cultivar 'Tainung No.2' with a great ornamental potential in subtropical regions. Cultivation and production of Japanese apricot fruit in Taiwan continue to dwindle due to the declining Japanese market share. Ongoing industry transformation to increase domestic consumption and consumer's interest will sustain the future of Japanese apricot in Taiwan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.37
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• pp.157-166
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• 2017

To select fruit trees for urban garden with Elaeagnus umbellata var. coreana, Malus domestica 'Alps Otome', Prunus mume, Ribes nigrum, Rubus fructicosus, and Vaccinium corymbosum 'Reka', growth characteristics of these 6 species were compared and effect of trickle irrigation and shading on the growth of these fruit trees were investigated that these treatments were carried out how much these trees are endurable exposed to improper conditions. After passing the winter, E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome', P. mume, and V. corymbosum 'Reka' showed the highest survival rate, in contrast to R. nigrum with the lowest of 56.0%. In 9 months after planting, the hight growth rate of 62.3% was shown in P. mume but that of E. umbellata var. coreana was stagnant during experimental period. Flowering rate over 80.0% were shown in E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome', R. fructicosus, and V. corymbosum 'Reka'. On the other hand, R. nigrum has not ever flowering branches. Other species except E. umbellata var. coreana and R. nigrum have about 10 days in flowering duration. After flowering, fruition rate has shown significant difference among 6 species. As a result of both treatment of trickle irrigation and shading, leaf area and leaf weight of E. umbellata var. coreana, M. domestica 'Alps Otome' significantly inceased with treatments that have not affected other species. Based on these result, it is possible to deploy suitable fruit trees to specific garden condition after selecting various fruit trees.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.488-494
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• 1999

The changes in firmness, mineral compositions and pectic substances of Mume(Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) fruits during maturation were determined. An average weight of the fruits in 92days after full bloom was increased during maturation proceeded up to the range of 212∼232%, as compared with that of 64days. The rate of weight increase of 'Ohshuku' fruits was 257%, and it was highest among four varieties. The ratio of stone to flesh weight was decreased, but the diameter of the flesh of fruits was increased during maturation. The firmness of 'Koume' fruits was rapidly decreased from 78days after full bloom. Three varieties, except 'Koume' fruits, showed similar changes in firmness. Potassium content of fruits was 85%. Calcium and Mg were decreased as the flesh of fruits became plump. The ratios of hydrochloric acid-soluble pectin(HSP) , water-soluble pectin(WSP), sodium hexamethaphosphate-soluble pectin(PSP), and sodium hydroxode-soluble pectin(SSP) contents to the total pectin content of the fruits were 66∼76, 8.4∼19.7, 5.4∼7.5 and 7.1∼8.3%, respectively. The total pectin content was increased up to 71days after full bloom, but it was decreased thereafter. Also, a significant increase of WSP and a decrease of HSP were observed during the softening process of fruits.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1087-1092
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• 2000

Traditional food soybean curd was prepared using the fresh fruit juice of Schizandra chinensis RUPRECHT(Omija) and Prunus mume(maesil), and investigated the optimal preparative conditions(water addition ratio, heating time of mashed soybean and fresh fruit juice concentration), physical properties, sensory evaluation and shelf-life. Soybean curd coagulated with 0.9% Omija juice showed the highest yield at $85^{\circ}C$, 12.5 times water addition and 5 min heating. For soybean curd coagulated with 1.5% Maesil juice showed the highest yield at $85^{\circ}C$, 10 times water addition and 5 min heating. The physical properties (hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and gumminess) of soybean curd coagulated with juices of Omija and Maesil showed lower values for hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and gumminess. However sensory scores of both were evaluated higher than those of coagulated with $CaSO_4$. The shelf-life of soybean curd prepared from Omija and Masil juices and then soaked in 0.1% acetic acid was better than that of coagulated with $CaSO_4$ or soaked in distilled water.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.313-317
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• 2019

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are economically important pests of fruit trees in Korea. The aim of the present study was to survey the relative abundance of stink bugs on four stone fruits, maesil (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc), cherry (Prunus avium L.), plum (Prunus salicina Lindl), and peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), from 2017 to 2019 in the field. Four stink bug species were observed, including Carbula putoni (Jakovlev), Dolycoris baccarum (L.), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), Plautia stali Scott. H. halys was the most abundant (65%), followed by P. stali (26%), C. putoni (7%), and D. baccarum (2%). H. halys was the dominant species in maesil, cherry, and peach fruits, whereas P. stali was the dominant species in plum fruits. Most (81%) of the stink bugs observed were adults, with nymphs accounting for only 19% of the observed specimens. More stink bugs were observed during the late season than during the early season. These finding suggest that control strategies should be developed for the management of H. halys and P. stali at harvest in stone fruit tree orchards in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2015

Fruit drop due to Eurytoma maslovskii infestations of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) is a serious economic issue in most parts of Jeonnam Province, with the exception of the coastal areas such as Wando, Shinan, Yeosu, and Muan. The average incidence of fruit drop was 67% in 2013 and 33.3% in 2014. E. maslovskii larvae overwinter inside the pits of Japanese apricots. Larval survival rates decrease to less than 30% after a rainy summer season. The eggs are long oval of 0.68 mm, 0.29 mm and ivory white. Mature larva is of 6.56 mm, 3.18 mm. Free pupa are black, adult females and males of 6.97 mm, 4.90 mm lengths, respectively, while the ovipositor is 0.64 mm in length. Adult emergence occurs from early April to early May, when Japanese apricot fruits are from 4 mm to 17 mm in diameter. Adults persist for 13.5 d after emergence, and the sex ratio of females to males was found th be 45.9:54.1. Although up to four eggs may be oviposited per fruit, only one larva will ultimately survive, ans the larvae are cannibalistic. The period during which E. maslovskii is able to oviposit on Japanese apricots only lasts from mid- to late April (fruit diameter: 12~16 mm). When the diameter of the fruit is >16 mm, the pit of the Japanese apricot hardens and larvae have difficultly penetrating the stone. Therefore, the most effective method of controlling this pest is to spray orchards with a control agent 2~3 times, at 5 d intervals, beginning in mid- April.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.144-154
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• 1995

The fruit color characteristics and persisting period of deciduous woody landscape plants were investigated through the field survey in Suwon region from January 1, 1992 to March 20, 1993. The summary of the study results was as follows; The total fruit color persisting period was about 320 days from May 1, 1992 when Prunus mume was beginning of fruit coloring, to March 20, 1993 when the fruits of Platanus occidentalis and platanus X acerifolia were persisting. And the plants of fruit persisting period over 60 days after leaf falling were Vibumum erosum, Ilex serrata, Ilex verticillata 'Christmas Cheer', Platanus X acerifolia, Platanus occidentalis, Berberis thunbergii 'Atropupurea', Ligustrum obtusifolium. According to the KBS standard color number, 52.6% of of the fruit color were red, 18.9% yellow, 11.6% black, green 9.5%, white 2.1%, violet 1.1%, and red is followed black 4.2%. Evodia daniellii, Ilex verticillata 'Christmas Cheer', Ilex serrata, Ginkgo biloba, Lindera obtusiloba, and Lindera erythrocarpa should be planted male and female species together for fruits. We got the new information on the fruit color characteritics and persisting period of Malus 'Hopa', Malus 'Almey', Malus 'Pioneer X', Acer rubrum, Malus prunifolia, Pyrus serotina, Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea', Vibumum rhytidophyllum, Rosa spp. Vitis vinifera, Vaccinium angustifolium, Ilex verticillata 'Christmas Cheer', Magnolia stellata, Aronia arbutifolia, Sorbus alnifolia, Lonicera japonica var. aueroreticulta, and Ligustrum X vicaryi. And we need to introduce new cultivars of woody landscape plants including Malus spp, Berberis spp, Sorbus alnifolia yellow autumn leaf clone etc. for the better planting design. The fruit persisting period of woody landscape plants studied by fruit name was that sorosis 276 days, samara 155 days, legume 153 days, hip 133 days, pome was 124 days, drupe 92 days, berry 73 days, capsule 67 days, follicle 55 days and nut 52 days respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

Inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenenes in mandarin orange, Prunus mume (maesil), and kiwi juices was evaluated. A three-strain mixture of S. Typhimurium or L. monocytogenes was inoculated (7 log CFU/ml) into a commercial mandarin orange juice and maesil juice, and home-maid kiwi extract. The inactivation effect of Maesil juice was estimated by the addition into the other two fruit juices. All fruit juices had acidic pH, ranging from 2.8 to 3.5 and it was not variable during all experimental period, being at $4^{\circ}C$ for 14 days, The present study demonstrated that Maesil juice inactivated throughly L. monocytogenes within 7 days, while kiwi extract and mandarin orange juice archived 3.0-log inactivation and 1.0-log inactivation, respectively, until 14 days of storage. S. Typhimurium was completely reduced by Maesil juice and kiwi extract within 14 days, but mandarin orange juice showed only 1.4-log inactivation. The inactivation of L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium was increased by adding 10% maesil juice to both mandarin orange juice and kiwi extract.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1369-1378
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• 2018

Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc., a member of the Rosaceae family (called Maesil in Korea), has been widely distributed in East Asia, e.g. Korea, Japan and China, and its fruit has been used as a traditional drug and health food. In this study, we evaluated physicochemical properties and physiological activities of condensed Prunus mume juice treated with pectinase (PJ). The values of total acidity, pH, sugar contents, turbidity moisture content of the PJ were 35.81%, 2.73, $54.36^{\circ}Brix$, 2.75 and 51.32%, respectively. The PJ had effective DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power effect, $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching effect. DPPH radical scavenging activities of PJ was 46.31%; their reducing power ($OD_{700}$) was 1.80; $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity of PJ was 91.62%; and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching effect of PJ was 73.02%. Also, PJ showed effective levels of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity. The cell viability was measured by SRB assay. The PJ significantly decreased the cell viability of mouse melanoma cells (B16) and human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2 and SK-MEL-28) in a dose-dependent manner, however, there was no effect on human keratinocyte HaCaT. In morphological study, PJ-treated SK-MEL-2 cells showed distorted and shrunken cell masses. Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of PJ were 588.31 mg% (gallic acid equivalent) and 860.45 mg% (rutin equivalent). The antiproliferative effect of PJ seems to be associated with the antioxidant activity of its flavonoid and polyphenol contents. In conclusion, PJ may be beneficial in development of a functional food material.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1536-1541
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• 1999

Fruit leathers were manufactured from flesh and pomace of Japanese apricots and evaluated for their physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties. The contents of total dietary fiber(TDF) in Japanese apricot leathers(JAL) and Japanese apricot pomace leathers(JAPL) were 4.06% and 7.82%, respectively. One hundred grams of leather contained 368kcal in JAL and 352kcal in JAPL. Water activities of fruit leathers were 0.36 in JAL and 0.48 in JAPL. None of the factors had an effect on the microbiological counts of any of the organisms. The L, a and b values of the fruit leathers were higher in those made of JAF than those made of JAP. The fruit leathers made of JAF were harder than those made of JAP. Sensory panelists preferred fruit leathers made of JAP to those made of JAF in all attributes, except for their color.