• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2002

Purpose : Treatment of giant cell tumor of distal radius can be treated in several ways according to the agressiveness of the tumor. We treated 3 cases of widely involved giant cell tumor of distal radius with wide resection and proximal fibular graft and report the results with review of literatures. Material and Method : We have treated 3 cases of giant cell tumor of the distal radius since last 1990. Among 3 cases, two cases were grade III radiologically and treated by wide resection of distal radius and vascularized proximal fibular graft, and one case, grade II radiologically, treated by distal radial resection and non-vascularized proximal fibular graft. We followed up clinical results of above three cases 9 years, 12 years and 2 years. Result : In all three cases, tranplanted fibula graft showed solid union but grade III tumors recurred at 4 year and 6 year postoperatively. One of the case which recurred 4 year later was treated with secondary wide resection and wrist fusion with autogenous iliac bone graft, and didn't show any recurrent finding for these 5 years after re-operation. And another grade III, which recurred at 6th post-operative year, is under follow-up for 6 years after recur without 2nd operation. Grade II case didn't show any recurrent findings on 2 year follow-up. Conclusion : Grade III cases recurred at 4 year and 6 year follow-up. The cause of recurrence was thought to be invasion of remaining tumor cell in the soft tissue. To prevent recurrence, complete resection of primary tumor was necessary.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

지방종은 가장 흔한 양성 종양이지만, 심부 조직에 발생하는 방골성 지방종은 매우 드문 질환이다. 저자들은 근위부 요골에 발생하여 후골간 신경마비를 일으킨 방골성 지방종 1례를 경험하였다. 53세 남자 환자가 3주전부터 발생하여 지속된 우측 수근 관절 및 수지의 신전 제한을 주소로 본원을 방문하였다. 검사 결과 방골성 지방종으로 확진되었고, 수술 6개월 후 증상 회복되어 정상적인 운동이 가능하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.285-289
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• 2006

This study was performed to assess the growth plate closure time with aging in the Korean native goat. Radiographs of proximal and distal epiphysis of humerus, radius, ulna, femur and tibia were obtained at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 30, 43 and 52 weeks after birth in 30 Korean native goats. The secondary ossification centers were scrutinized and assessed the maturity process on the basis of the criteria(stage 0 to 10). The secondary ossification centers of proximal and distal epiphysis of humerus, radius, femur and tibia and proximal ulna epiphysis appeared immediately after birth. While, that of distal ulna epiphysis appeared during the 1st to 2nd week of life. The fusion of distal humeral epiphysis occurred during the period from 8 to 12 months. The fusion of proximal radial epiphysis and distal tibial epiphysis were found at 1 year. The fusion of proximal and distal epiphysis of ulna and femur, proximal epiphysis of humerus and tibia and distal epiphysis of radius were found at 1 year or more than 1 year. As a result, growth plate closure was highly related to age in the Korean native goat and it is suggested that the estimation of animal's age might be useful by illustration of maturity process of the secondary ossification centers in the Korean native goat.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1315-1320
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• 2007

미니돼지의 긴 뼈의 뼈끝(epiphysis) 성장에 대한 연구를 위해 상완골, 요골, 척골, 대퇴골, 경골의 근위 및 원위 뼈끝 부위를 중심으로 방사선 촬영을 실시하였다. 실험에 이용된 미니돼지의 연령대는 4주, 8주, 12주, 20주, 40주, 48주, 96주, 144주령으로 총 58마리였다. 뼈 성장과정에 대한 평가는 Owada & Sutow가 제안한 11가지 기준을 토대로 하였다. 긴 뼈에서 이차뼈발생중심은 4주령에서 40주령까지 빠른 성장을 보였고, 그 이후 96주령까지는 초기보다 느린 성장을 보였다. 가장 빠른 뼈끝 유합시기는 96주령으로 근위 요골, 근위 및 원위 대퇴골에서 관찰되었다. 미니돼지의 일반적인 긴 뼈의 완전한 뼈끝 유합은 144주령에 나타났으며 근위 상완골, 근위 및 원위 척골, 원위 요골, 그리고 근위 경골에서 관찰되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2014

This study investigated the anatomy of the nutrient foramen (NF) in German Shepherds by recording the number, site, position, and direction of penetration of the nutrient canal (NC) in the humerus, radius, and ulna of 50 individuals. The site index of the nutrient foramen (SI) was calculated as the ratio of the length to the NF site from the proximal end to the greatest length of the bone. The NF diameter was measured using different sized needles. Most humeri had only one NF on the caudal surface, particularly on the lateral supracondylar crest, or distal cranial surface. All radii had one NF, usually on the caudal surface, while most ulnae had one NF located on either the cranial or lateral surfaces. The SI and NF diameters were 58.0~59.5% and 0.73~0.78 mm in the humerus, 30.4~30.9% and 0.74~0.76 mm in the radius, and 29.3~29.8% and 0.67~0.68 mm in the ulna, respectively. With the exception of the relatively proximal NF of the radius, the direction of penetration followed Berard's rule. This study provides novel information on the location and diameter of the NF and direction of the NC in the long bones of the pectoral limb of German Shepherds.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the buccolingual curvature at the apical one third in type II mesial canals of mandibular molars using the radius and angle of curvature. Materials and Methods: Total 100 mandibular molars were selected. Following an endodontic access in the teeth, their distal roots were removed. #15 H- or K-files (Dentsply Maillefer) were inserted into the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of the teeth. Radiographs of the teeth were taken for the proximal view. Among them, type II canals were selected and divided into two subgroups, IIa and IIb. In type IIa, two separate canals merged into one canal before reaching the apex and in type IIb, two separate canals merged into one canal within the apical foramen. The radius and angle of curvature of specimens were examined. Results: In type II, mean radius of curvature in mesiolingual and mesiobuccal canals were 2.82 mm and 3.58 mm, respectively. The radius of the curvature of mesiolingual canals were significantly smaller than that of mesiobuccal canals in type II, and especially in type IIa. However, there were no statistically significant differences in radius of curvature between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in type IIb and there were no significant differences in angle of curvature between type IIa and IIb. Conclusion: In this study, type II mesial canals of mandibular molars showed severe curvature in the proximal view. Especially, mesiolingual canals of type IIa had more abrupt curvature than mesiobuccal canals at the apical one third.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2007

Introduction: Ulna is nearly equal to radius in function and bony architecture and strength in forearm. But in lower extremity, fibula is 1/5 of tibia in anatomic and functional point so we can find fibula transposition is commonly used in defect of tibia. We cannot find other article about segmental forearm bone transposition in man. The purpose of this study was to report our clinical and functional result of undergoing segmented transposition of ipsilateral ulna with its own vascular supply in defect of radius in 6 cases. Material and method: From June 1994 to October 2007, 7 segmented bone transpositional grafts in forearm were performed in Kyung Hee Medical Center. The distribution of age was from 20 years old to 73 years old. There was male in 6 cases and female in 1 case. The causes of operation were giant cell tumor in 1 case and traumatic origin in 6 cases; it was nonunion in 2 cases and fracture with severe comminution in 4 cases. Ipsilaterally segmented ulna keeping its own vascular supply was transported to defect of radius in severe traumatic patients and one patient whose tumor in radius had been excised. Transported ulna was fixed to proximal and distal radius remnants by plate and screw. In one case with giant cell tumor, transported ulna was connected to radius across wrist joint as wrist joint fusion. Joint preserving procedures were performed in 6 cases with crushing injury of radius. Results: We could obtain solid bony union in all cases and good functional results. The disadvantage was relative shortening of forearm, but we could overcome this problem. Conclusion: We think that ipsilateral segmented ulna transposition keeping its own vascular supply to radius can be perfomed with one of procedures in cases with wide defect in radius.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.167-183
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• 1987

The anatomical structure of the Skeleton of thoracic limb of thirty-one adult Korean native goats(body weight: 14~17kg) was observed after skeletal preparation, and the osteometry was performed in each bone. The results were as follows; 1. The thoracic limb of the Korean native goat was composed of scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges and sesamoid bones. 2. The scapula was flat and triangular in shape. There were no distinct tuber of spine and acromion in the spine. The subscapular fossa was deep and triangular in shape and the vertebral border was sigmoid form. The coracoid bone was formed as the coracoid process at the medial aspect of the supraglenoid tubercle but the clavicle wa.s not observed. The left and right scapular indexes were 57.92 and 58.31 and the glenoid cavity indexes were 89.23 and 86.82, respectively. 3. The greater tubercle of the humerus was devided into cranial and caudal parts. The third tubercle was observed and the face for the infraspinatus muscle was rectangular form. The left and right humerus indexes were 32.44 and 32.63, the head indexes were 94.13, 96.62 and the trochlear-epidondyle indexes were 67.32 and 65.81, respectively. 4. The radius and ulna were fused entirely except at the broad proximal and narrow distal interosseous spaces. The ulna was longer than the radius, and its reduced body and distal end were fused at the caudomedial surface of the radius. 5. The carpal bones were six in number. There were radial, intermediate, ulnar, accessory, second-third and fourth carpal hones in carpal bones. 6. The metacarpal bone was composed of a large metacarpal bone resulted from the fusion of the third and fourth metacarpal bones, and there was a metacarpal tubercle at the dorsolateral part of the proximal end. There were no vestiges of the second and fifth metacarpal bones. 7. The digits were composed of third and fourth digits and each digit was composed of the proximal, middle and distal phalanges. 8. The sesamoid bones were six in number. There were two at the fetlock joint and one at the coffine joint palmarly in each digit. 9. The ratios of the lengths among the scapula, humerus, antebrachium and metacarpal bone were 1.42 : 1.47 : 1.77 : 1.00 in the left and 1.42 : 1.45 : 1.77 : 1.00 in the right, respectively.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1999

Osteoporosis, which causes mainly fracture of the spine, proximal femur and distal radius by minimal trauma, is a major public health problem and its prevalence is steadily increasing in Korea according to the development of public health care. There are reliable methods for diagnosis based on bone densitometry. Early detection and intervention are important for reducing the incidence of fractures. A consensus definition of osteoporosis, based on bone density measurement, has been developed by the World Health Organization(WHO). In this study, bone mineral density(RMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) at the proximal femur and lumbar spine in 132 post-menopausal women. The purpose of this study is to find influential factors on the BMD of the proximal femur and the lumbar spine and to analyze correlation between BMD and the problematic factors. We obtained the following results : 1. Mean BMD score, T-score and Z-score of the proximal femur were $0.81(g/cm^2)$, -2.45(S.D.) and -2.09(S.D.) respectively and in the lumbar spine were $0.83(g/cm^2)$, -2.02(S.D.), -2.43(S.D.) respectively. 2. In correlation analysis between BMD and many factors, correlation coefficients were -0.467, 0.212, -0.321 and 0.241 in age, height, duration after menopause respectively. BMI and the residuals were comparatively small. 3. Correlation coefficients to age matched BMD, in height and body weight were 0.222 and 0.241, in age and duration after menopause were -0.268, -0.282. 4. The fracture threshold of proximal femur BMD to the 90th percentile was $0.845(g/cm^2)$. 5. At the result of multiple regression analysis, age, body weight, $BMI(kg/m^2)$ and duration after menopause described as significant variables.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2011

Vascularized free fibula head transfer is an established method for reconstruction of long bone defects of the upper limb involving the distal radius or the proximal humerus. For the wrist following tumor resection, in cases of resection of the radial articular surface, three reconstructive options are possible: 1. fibular head transfer to replace the radial joint surface, 2. fixation of the fibula to the scaphoid and lunate, 3. complete wrist fusion. The decision on the type of the operation depends on the amount of the resection and the remained normal anatomical structures, and also the necessity of function of the wrist in the future. The authors believe that the vascularized free fibula head graft is a safe and reliable method for reconstructing the upper limb, especially for patients with a defect of the distal radius, and report the operative methods, donor vascular consideration, complications, and functional result after this operation.