• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

This study was carried out to examine how dietary protein and calcium levels in rats fed fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues. Male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200g were fed six purified diets which contained 18%(w/w) beef tallow, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two source of protein, casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and three levels of dietary calcium, 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0%, first, for four weeks, and second, for eight weeks. The contents of the total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in rats fed 1.0% (w/w) level calcium, regardless of dietrary protein sources. After eight weeks, these concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed soy protein than in casein-fed rats. As dietary calcium level increased serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol contents were decreased and fecal lipid excretion increased. It is concluded that hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and calcium were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.952-960
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal level in the concentrate on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in swamp buffaloes. Four, 4-yr old rumen fistulated swamp buffaloes were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip (CC) and CC+rice bran at a ratio 3:1 (CR3:1), and factor B was level of cottonseed meal (CM); 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g CP/kg (HCM) in isonitrogenous diets (490 g CP/kg). Buffaloes received urea-treated rice straw ad libitum and supplemented with 5 g concentrate/kg BW. It was found that carbohydrate source did not affect feed intake, nutrient intake, digested nutrients, nutrient digestibility, ammonia nitrogen concentration, fungi and bacterial populations, or microbial protein synthesis (p>0.05). Ruminal pH at 6 h after feeding and the population of protozoa at 4 h after feeding were higher when buffalo were fed with CC than in the CR3:1 treatment (p<0.05). Buffalo fed with HCM had a lower roughage intake, nutrient intake, population of total viable and cellulolytic bacteria and microbial nitrogen supply than the LCM fed group (p<0.05). However, nutrient digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia concentration, population of protozoa and fungi, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were not affected by cottonseed meal levels (p>0.05). Based on this experiment, concentrate with a low level of cottonseed meal could be fed with cassava chips as an energy source in swamp buffalo receiving rice straw.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1993

This study was carried out in order to develop supplementary foods for infants using Korean foods. Thirty-four different kinds of supplementary foods were developed and fourteen representative ones were selected to be analyzed chemically. The results are as follows: 1. The developed supplementary foods were 34 kinds and divided into 3 stages. First stage is designed for the babies just beginning to eat pureed vegetables and fruits. Second stage combined the nutritional attributes of both vegetables and meat. Third stage featured tender, bite-size pieces of meats and vegetables that appealed to the most mature tastes of basies. 2. In the production of prepared foods; water, milk, vegetable juice, fruit juice, and soy milk were used as the liquid source; rice, rice starch, chestnut, noodle, potatoes, sweet potatoes, rice cakes as the carbohydrate source; fish, meats soybean curd, beans, eggs, chicken, cow liver as the protein source; and vegetables and fruits were used as vitamin & mineral source. 3. The approximate composition range of the products were 10.91∼24.46% carbohydrate, 0.15∼6.06% protein, 0.092∼7% fat, 0.13∼ 1.37% ash, 0.63∼36.34% calcium, 0.092∼0.48% iron and 0.42∼16.36% vitamin C.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate the utilization of fermented skipjack tuna viscera (FSTV) in the diet for juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Lactobacillus bulgaricus was used for fermentation of skipjack tuna viscera. Eight isonitrogenous (about 30% crude protein) diets were formulated to include different levels (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) of FSTV as a replacer of either dietary fish meal or soybean meal. Three replicate groups of abalone were fed the experimental diets containing different levels of FSTV for 7 weeks. The inclusion of FSTV up to 30% in fish meal-based diet had no significant effect on survival, body weight, shell growth, and proximate composition of abalone (P>0.05). Weight gain of abalone fed the diet substituting 10% FSTV for soybean meal was not significantly different to that of abalone fed the control diet, however this value decreased in abalone fed the 20% and 30% FSTV (P<0.05).The contents of crude protein and lipid of soft body in abalone fed soybean meal-based diets were significantly affected by dietary FSTV level (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that FSTV can be used as a partial substitute protein source for fish meal or soybean meal in the formulated diet for juvenile abalone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.532-537
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• 2008

In order to investigate the factors affecting the culture of mouse preantral follicles in vitro, we examined the effect of culture media, protein supplements, and culture period on their growth. The oocyte diameter (initial size: $55.6{\pm}2.5{\mu}m$) was progressively increased during culture, and the maximum size ($72.0{\pm}2.4{\mu}m$) was reached on day 10 of the in vitro culture. The chromatin configuration in the germinal vesicle (GV) oocyte progressively shifted from a non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN) to a surrounded nucleolus (SN). On day 10 of the culture, most of the oocytes progressed to the SN pattern. The survival and metaphase II rates of the oocytes in alpha-minimal essential medium (alpha-MEM) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in Waymouth and tissue culture medium (TCM)-199. As a protein source, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was more suitable for the culture of mouse preantral follicles as compared to human follicular fluid (hFF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA); the optimal concentration of FBS was 5%. These results suggest that in a culture of mouse preantral follicles, alpha-MEM and 5% FBS are an optimal medium and a protein source, respectively; further, the 10 days of culture is required for the complete growth of oocytes in this culture system.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2000

Four experimental diets were formulated to contain white fish meal (WFM) andvor BAIFA-M as the main animal protein source to determine the optimum BAIFA-M level to replace WFM protein. The diets contained 100% WFM + 0% BAIFA-M in the diet M$_0$ (control) . 70%, WFM+30%, BAIFA-M in the diet M$_{30}$, 55 % WFM+45 % BAIFA-M in the diet M$_{45}$, ; 40 % WFM+60 % BAIFA-M in the diet M$_{60}$. The four groups of rockfish (232 g), receiving the four different diets, were fed for 8 weeks. Groups receiving M$_0$, M$_{30}$ and M$_{45}$/ diets did not show significant (P>0.05) difference in growth and feed efficiency; however, the group fed on M$_{60}$/ showed significantly slower growth and lower feed efficiency than the others. Body composition showed no significant difference among the four dietary groups. WFM protein can be replaced by BAIFA-M up to 45 % in the diet of the rockfish.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1985

Previous studies show that the free (unbound) fraction of disopyramide in human serum is drug concentration dependent~ at corresponding serum disopyramide concentrations that are achieved clinically. $^1^{\sim}^3^)\;Moreover$, disopyramide free fraction values vary several fold at any given drug concentration in human serum and tend to decrease as serum cocentrations of alpha-I-acid glycoprotein(AAG) incrase.$^4^)$ A recent $study^5^)$ demonstrates that the free fraction of disopyramide inhuman serum increases almost 2-fold following the addition of $14.4{\mu}M/L$ mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide. These studies and others. $^6^),\;^7^)$ prompted the present investigation to characterize the protein binding of disopyramide in human serum and solutions of AAG in the presence of mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide (a major metabolite of, disopyramide) and to determine the utility of using commercially available alpha-I-acid glycoprotein for drug protein binding displacement studies. Because many basic and acidic compounds are known to bind to alpha-I-acid $glycoprotein^8^)$ the present study. was performed to determine whteher commercially available AAG would provide a convenient protein source for such binding studies.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate dietary protein sources replacing fish meal for parrot fish, Oplegnathus fasciatus. A control diet with white fish meal as a protein source was included. White fish meal in the isonitrogenous diet was replaced with each of 22% meat meal, 17% blood meal, or 31% soybean meal. Triplicate groups of 25 fish initially averaging 26 g were fed four experimental diets for 7 weeks in a flow-through tank system. Weight agin and feed efficiency in fish fed diet containing 17% blood meal (this diet also contained 45% white fish meal) were not significantly different from those in fish fed the control diet (P>0.05). Fish fed diet containing 22% meat meal had lower weight gain and feel efficiency than those of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). weight gain of fish fed diet containing 31% soybean meal was not different from that of fish fed the control diet, but feed efficiency of fish fed the diet was lower than that of fish fed the control diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.211-213
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• 1996

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of feeding early weaning diets based on different vegetable protein sources fed to Afghani lambs. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete formula diets viz., A, B and C were prepared having cottonseed meal, soybean meal and canola meal; respectively as major source of protein. Eighteen 30-35 days old Afghani male lambs were randomly allotted to three experimental diets. Lambs were fed individually twice a day for a period of 60 days. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain was recorded. Results indicated that weight gain was significantly(p<0.05) higher(282 g/lamb/day) in lambs fed diet B as compared to lamvs fed on diets A(231 g/lamb/day) and C(242 g/lamb/day). No significant difference was found in feed intake among the diets. Significant difference(p<0.05) were noticed in feed efficiency in lambs fed on diets A(6.88), B(5.41) and C(6.17).The economic efficiency was observed to be the best on diet B as compared to diets A and C. It was concluded that Afghani lambs(30-35 days) can be reared on early weaning diets and soybean meal was found comparatively better protein source for early weaning diet.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2005

This study examined the partial replacement of the fish meal with meat meal in practical diets for juvenile rock-fish. Five isonitrogenous (48% CP) diets were prepared to contain meat meal at 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% with substituting the mackerel meal in the control diet. Three replicate groups of fish (initial average weight, 4.1g) were hand-fed to visual satiety two times daily for 8 weeks. Survival (>93%) and daily feed intake were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. The best weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were obtained from fish fed the diets containing 0% and 10% meat meal, and were not significantly different (P>0.05) to those of fish 134 diet containing 20% meat meal. Condition factor, visceralsomatic index and hepatosomatic index were not influenced by dietary meat meal levels. The contents of crude protein and ash of whole body were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by dietary meat meal levels, whereas crude lipid content of fish fed the diets containing 30% and 40% was lower than that of fish fed the control diet. Proximate composition of liver was not influenced by dietary meat meal level (P>0.05). The data obtained in this study indicate that a diet containing $10{\sim}20%$ meat meal could be used for least-cost formulation in juvenile rockfish diet.