• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권11호
• /
• pp.1529-1534
• /
• 2004

The nutritive value of lentil straw (Lens culinaris) relative to 4% urea treated wheat straw (w/w) was assessed in adult bucks and milking buffaloes on-station and on-farm, respectively. A digestion-cum-nitrogen balance experiment was conducted with three bucks (24.35 kg) fed ad libitum lentil straw (LS), urea treated wheat straw (UTS) and a 1:1 (w/w DM basis) mixture of LS and UTS (LS:UTS) in a 3$\times$3 Latin square design. Though daily dry matter intake (g kg $W^{0.75}$ or % LW) of bucks fed LS and UTS did not differ significantly, that of LS:UTS was significantly (p<0.05) low. Similarly, digestibility of nutrients (DM, OM and CP) and nitrogen balance (g/day) did not differ significantly for bucks given LS or UTS although a significant positive improvement was evident in these parameters for LS:UTS. The digestibility of fibre fractions (NDF and ADF) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in LS as compared to UTS or LS:UTS. Except for the significantly (p<0.05) lower intake of DCP (g kg$W^{0.75}$), the bucks fed LS had statistically similar nutrient intake as compared to UTS. Feeding of LS:UTS resulted in significantly higher nutrient (DCP, TDN) intake by bucks. The important blood-biochemical parameters (haemoglobin,packed cell volume, glucose, urea nitrogen, total protein) and activity of serum enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) did not differ significantly in goats irrespective of dietary treatment. In the onfarm study, eighteen multiparous milking buffaloes were randomly assigned into three equal groups to assess the relative effect of feeding untreated wheat straw (WS), UTS and LS:UTS ad libitum as basal feed with a supplement. The study continued for 3 months and revealed that daily dry matter intake and average milk production (liters/day) by buffaloes offered LS:UTS and UTS was statistically similar but it was significantly higher compare to WS. However, milk composition did not differ significantly among the dietary treatments. It may be concluded that the nutritive value of lentil straw appeared to be no different to UTS, however, a positive synergistic effect was evident by feeding a mixture of LS and UTS on performance of goats and lactating buffaloes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.816-824
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the shoot height at which the yield and nutritive value of wormwood (Artemisia montana) is optimized in order to provide information on its potential to support animal production (Experiment 1). A second objective was to determine how the essential oil (EO) concentration in wormwood hay and silage differ (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Artemisia montana was harvested at five different shoot heights (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm) from triplicate $1.8{\times}1.8m$ plots. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured at each harvest date and the harvested wormwood was botanically separated into leaf, stalk and whole plant fractions and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD). Values for total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were subsequently calculated using prediction equations. Dry matter yields of stalk and whole plant increased linearly (p<0.001) and leaf yield increased quadratically (p<0.01) with shoot height, whereas the leaf/stalk ratio decreased linearly (p<0.001). As shoot height increased, there was a linear increase (p<0.001) in leaf DM, ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents and a quadratic increase (p<0.05) in leaf acid detergent fiber (ADF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents, and stalk and whole plant DM (p<0.001), organic matter (OM, p<0.01 and p<0.05), NDF (p<0.001 and 0.05) and NFE (p<0.05) contents. However, there were decreases in leaf crude protein content (CP, quadratic, p<0.001) and stalk and whole plant EE content (linear, p<0.001), CP (quadratic, p<0.05) and ash (quadratic, p<0.05) contents. Digestibility of DM and TDN, and DE and ME value in leaves were not affected by increasing shoot height, but these measures linearly decreased (p<0.001) in stalk and whole plant. In Experiment 2, the hay had higher DM and CP concentrations, but lower EE concentration than the silage. Essential oil (EO) content in wormwood silage (0.49 g/100 g DM) was higher (p<0.05) than that in wormwood hay (0.32 g/100 g DM). Wormwood hay contained 25 essentail oils (EO) including camphor (10.4 g/100 g), 1-borneol (11.6 g/100 g) and caryophyllene oxide (27.7 g/100 g), and wormwood silage had 26 EO constituents including 3-cyclohexen-1-ol (8.1 g/100 g), trans-caryophyllene (8.6 g/100 g) and ${\gamma}$-selinene (16.8 g/100 g). It is concluded that the most ideal shoot height for harvesting wormwood is 60 cm based on the optimization of DM yield and nutritive value. Wormwood silage had a greater quantity and array of EO than wormwood hay.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권12호
• /
• pp.1975-1984
• /
• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effects of body weight (BW) and fiber sources on nutrient digestibility, fiber fermentation and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in different intestinal segments of growing pigs fed high-fiber diets. Methods: Nine barrows with initial BW of 25.17±0.73 kg and 9 barrows with initial BW of 63.47±2.18 kg were allotted to a duplicate 9×2 Youden Square design with 3 dietary treatments and 2 periods. The dietary treatments were formulated with 3 different high-fiber ingredients: corn bran, sugar beet pulp, and soybean hulls, respectively. Each diet was fed to 3 barrows with different stage of BW in each period. Results: There were no differences in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of most nutrients between pigs at different BW stages. Pigs at 60 kg had greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and had greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of IDF and cellulose than pigs at 25 kg. The acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations in ileal digesta and feces of pigs at 60 kg were greater (p<0.05) than those of pigs at 25 kg. In addition, fiber sources affected (p<0.05) the AID of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein, SDF and hemicellulose, the hindgut disappearance and ATTD of dietary fiber components, the lactate and propionate concentrations in ileal digesta and the butyrate, valerate and total SCFA concentrations in feces. There were interactions (p<0.05) between BW and fiber sources on the AID of GE, OM, EE, SDF, hemicellulose, the ATTD of EE, TDF, and IDF, and the hindgut disappearance of SDF and hemicellulose. Conclusion: Increasing BW mainly improved the digestibility of dietary fiber fractions, and the dietary fiber sources influenced the digestibility of almost all the dietary nutrients in growing pigs.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2018

Arteriosclerosis is the major cause of coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease, which are leading causes of death. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce injury to vascular endothelial cells by increasing cell adhesion molecules, leading to vascular inflammation, a major risk factor for the development of arteriosclerosis. In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of enzymatic hydrolysate from Japanese mud shrimp Upogebia major on the inflammation of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We first evaluated the antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of eight U. major enzymatic hydrolysates: alcalase, papain, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin (${\alpha}-Chy$), trypsin, pepsin, neutrase, protamex and flavourzyme. Of these, ${\alpha}-Chy$ exhibited potent antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. The ${\alpha}-Chy$ hydrolysate was fractionated by two ultrafiltration membranes of 3 and 10 kDa. The ${\alpha}-Chy$ hydrolysate of U. major and its molecular weight cut-off fractions resulted in a significant reduction in NO production and a decrease in cell adhesion molecules [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial-selectin (E-selectin)] and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] in $TNF-{\alpha}$-stimulated HUVECs. These results suggest that enzymatic hydrolysate from U. major can be used in the control and prevention of vascular inflammation and arteriosclerosis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.308-314
• /
• 1992

선별과정 중 가장 높은 항보체 활성을 보였던 대복피를 대상으로 활성물질의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 추출 및 정제를 행하였다. 대복피를 열수추출, methanol 환류 및 ethanol 침전을 행한 후, 투석 및 동결건조를 거쳐 활성획분 AC-1을 얻었는 바, 이들은 총당 48.2%, 산성당 14.6%, 단백질 36.8%로 구성되어 있었고 주구성당으로 rhamnose, arabinose, mannose 및 galactose를 함유하고 있었다. 이들은 다시 cetavlon(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) 처리에 의해 AC-2, AC-3, AC-4로 분획되었으며 특히 AC-2의 경우 활성과 수율면에서 우수 하였다. 이들은 periodate 산화에 의해 활성의 감소를 일으킨 반면 pronase 소화에 의해서는 활성의 변화가 없는 특성을 보여 주었다. 더우기 AC-2는 DEAE-Toyopearl 650C($Cl^-$형) 및 Sephadex G-100을 이용한 연속적인 column chromatography를 통하여 활성이 우수한 AC-2-IIIa와 AC-2-IIIc로 분획되었으며 전자의 경우 rhamnose, mannose, galactose 및 glucose가, 후자의 경우 mannose, galactose 및 glucose가 주구성당이었다. 이들 활성다당들은 gel 여과 및 전기영동 결과, 순수한 물질임이 확인되었으며 이들의 분자량은 각각 120,000 및 15,000 이었다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2004

거미의 중장에서 분리한 장내 세균인 Serratia proteamaculans는 우유 단백질 배지상에서 투명환을 형성하는 것으로 보아 세포 외로 분비되는 단백질 분해효소를 생산함을 알 수 있었다. Zymogram을 사용한 단백질 분획의 활성 염색 실험에서 세포 외로 분비된 분자량 52 KD의 단백질이 높은 단백질분해 활성을 가진 것으로 추정되었다. 이 단백질 분해효소의 배양 상등액을 여과, 이온교환, 크로마토그래피 등의 방법을 사용하여 순수 정제하였다. 정제된 단백질 분해 효소는 pH 6.0과 10.0사이와 넓은 온도범위에서 상대적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 1,10-phenanthroline과 EDTA등의 단백질분해효소 저해제를 처리하였을 때 단백질 분해 활성이 강하게 억제되며 $Zn^{2+}$이나 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온의 존재에 의해 단백질 분해효소의 활성이 증가되는 것으로 보아 이 효소가 금속성 단백질 분해효소임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.303-308
• /
• 2001

To investigate the partitioning of newly absorbed N derived from NO$_3$- and NH$_4$$^{+}$, 6 mM $K^{15}$ NO$_3$ or 3 mM ($^{15}$ NH$_4$)$_2$ was fed continuously in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflrum L.) for 7 days. Nitrogen metabolites (nitrate, amino acid, soluble- and insoluble protein) were analyzed at the end of $^{15}$ N feeding. Dry weight in shoot, stubble and root was not significantly different between NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and NH$_4$$^{+}$ feeding. Total nitrogen content in all three organs was significantly higher in NH$_4$$^{+}$ than NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding. Sum on N content in reduced N fractions (amino acids + proteins) in shoot, stubble and roots in NH$_4$$^{+}$ feeding increased by 13.3, 12.5 and 35.4 %, respectively, compared to NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding. The Relative Specific Activity (RSA, percentage of newly absorbed $^{15}$ N relative to total N in a sample) values of amino acids and insoluble proteins were significantly higher in NH$_4$$^{+}$ feeding. Total amount of newly absorbed $^{15}$ N in NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding was 52.3 and 69.5 mg/plant on dry matter basis, respectively. In both NH$_4$$^{+}$ and NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ grown plants, most of the N was allocated to the shoot, 67.5% in NH$_4$$^{+}$ feeding and 58.8% NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding, respectively. The $^{15}$ N amount incorporated in the reduced N compounds (amino acids and proteins) in NH$_4$$^{+}$ grown plants significantly increased by 74.8% compared to NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ grown plants. The increase of the $^{15}$ N amount assimilated to amino acids in NH$_4$$^{+}$ grown plants was remarkably higher in roots as more than 7.25 times compared to NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding. These results indicated that Italian ryegrass was much efficiently utilized NH$_4$$^{+}$-N for the synthesis of reduced N compounds.reduced N compounds.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2003

환경 오염원으로서 폭약 hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX)에 대한 RDX 분해세균 Pseudomonas sp. HK-6의 세포반응과 형태변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 아치사조건의 RDX농도와 노출시간에 따른 균주 HK-6의 생존율을 분석한 결과, 이 세균의 생존율은 스트레스 충격 단백질의 생성과 비례하였다. 총세포 지방산 조성분석에서 균주 HK-6는 trypticase soy agar(TSA)에서 자랄 때 보다 RDX배지에서 자랄 때 여러 가지 종류의 지방산이 생성되거나 사라지는 것이 밝혀졌다. Anti-DnaK와 anti-GroEL을 이용하여 SDS-PAGE와 Western blot을 통한 분석으로 균주 HK-6는 70 kDa DanK와 60 kDa GroEL을 포함하는 몇가지 스트레스 충격단백질을 생성하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. RDX에 노출된 HK-6배양에서 수용성 단백질 분획에 대하여 2-D PAGE를 실시하였으며, pH 3에서 pH 10 범위에서 약 300 spots가 silver로 염색된 gel상에서 관찰되었다. 그 결과, RDX에 대한 반응으로 10여개의 spots가 현저히 유도 발현되었다. RDX(0.135mM, 12시간)에 노출된 세포는 구멍이 나타나고 표면의 불규칙적인 형태 변화가 일어나 죽게되는 것이 주사 전자현미경을 통하여 관찰되었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.40-48
• /
• 2010

야콘의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 야콘 분말의 영양성분 및 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 야콘 분말의 일반성분은 건물량(dry matter basis)을 기준으로 수분 함량은 3.53%, 조단백질 1.13%, 조지방 0.40%, 조회분 0.79%, 식이섬유소 1.63% 및 탄수화물 92.52%를 함유하였다. 구성당은 fructose가 1320.84 mg/l로 가장 많았고 glucose가 1283.70 mg/l 검출되어 총 2종이 검출되었다. 아미노산은 glutamic acid 함량이 123.12 mg%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 aspartic acid, proline, arginine, alanine, valine, histidine, lysine순이었다. 구성 지방산 중 포화지방산인 palmitic acid와 lauric acid 2종류의 지방산만 각각 51.72%와 48.28%로 검출되었으며, 불포화지방산은 검출되지 않았다. 유기산은 총 3종의 유기산이 검출되었으며, 이 중 oxalic acid가 2519.29 mg/l로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 benzoic acid 1895.17 mg/l, formic acid 247.84 mg/l 순이었다. 비타민 A, C 및 E의 함량은 각각 0.057 mg%, 0.670 mg% 및 0.001 mg%로 검출되었으며, 무기질은 총 5종의 무기질 성분이 검출되었고, 이 중 K 함량이 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 Na, Ca, Mg 순이었고 Zn의 함량은 미량이었다. 야콘 에탄올 추출물을 n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol, water로 계통 분획하여 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과 Rancimat으로 측정한 항산화지수는 pH 1.2 조건에서 분획 중 ethylacetate 분획이 1.45로 가장 높게 나타났으나 양성대조군으로 사용한 BHT 1.83에 비해서는 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거능에서도 ethylacetate 분획이 49.82%로 분획 중 가장 높은 아질산염 소거능을 보였으나, 양성대조군인 BHT의 75.29%보다는 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과 야콘은 체내 신진대사와 생리활성을 증진시킬 수 있는 영양소들이 다량 함유하고 있으며 항산화 효과를 나타내는 물질을 함유하고 있는 것으로 판단되어 야콘의 기능성 식품으로써의 이용화가치가 한층 더 높아질 것으로 기대해 본다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.530-535
• /
• 2017

조류 및 포유류에서 미토콘드리아를 분리하고 모노아민산화효소(EC 1.4.3.4, monoamine oxidase)의 활성을 측정하여 미토콘드리아의 분리도를 확인하였다. 미토콘드리아 각 분획에서 젖산탈수소효소(EC 1.1.1.27, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)의 발현도를 생화학적 및 면역화학적 방법으로 분석하였다. 조류에 비하여 포유류에서는 미토콘드리아 LDH의 활성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 미토콘드리아 LDH의 역할은 포유류보다 조류에서 중요시된다고 생각된다. 조류 및 포유류 모든 조직의 단백질양은 세포기질보다 미토콘드리아에서 적게 나타났다. 생쥐와 골든햄스터의 세포기질에서는 LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$, $AB_3$ 및 $B_4$ 다섯 가지 동위효소 이외에 testis-specific LDH $C_4$ 동위효소가 정소 조직에서 나타났다. 닭의 미토콘드리아 내에서는 AB hybrid형 동위효소 한 종류가 나타났다. 포유류에서 미토콘드리아 LDH 동위효소들은 조직 별로 다르게 나타났다. 생쥐의 미토콘드리아 내에서는 LDH $A_4$ 및 testis-specific $C_4$ 동위효소가 나타났다. 미토콘드리아 testis-specific LDH $C_4$ 동위효소는 생쥐에서만 나타났다. 골든햄스터 미토콘드리아 내에서는 LDH $B_4$ 동위효소가 lactate oxidase로서 작용하였다. 조류 및 포유류의 대사조건 및 서식환경에 따라 미토콘드리아 LDH 동위효소의 역할도 구분되는 것으로 생각된다.