• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 1970

우리나라의 여러가지 현실정을 고려해볼 때 모든 영양소의 보급원이 될 수 있으며 값이 바서 농어촌 어린이까지 널리 이용할 수 있는 영양식품의 개발은 대단히 시급하고도 중요한 일이다. 이 연구에서는 그 개발을 위하여 몇 가지 농산물을 주원료로 적절히 가공하고 여기에 FPC 효모 경화유 비타민 무기질 등을 첨가한 새로운 분말식품을 제조하고, 이에 대한 이화학적 성상을 조사하였다. 가. 시제품은 담황색 분말로서 순한 향취를 가지며 ;water absorption index, 320; 총균수, $10^4/g$ 이하:sedimentation value, 63: Bostwick consistency value, 15cm/30% 및 ring test value, 23cm/30% 이었다. 나. 단백질을 22-25% 함유하는 이 시제품은 FAO표준구성(1957)을 기준으로 할 때 주제한아미노산이 총 함유황아미노산이며, 단백가는 F-F-3가 45, F-P-4는 75이었다. 그러나 수정된 FAO 표준구성(1965)과 비교해보면 threonine이 제한아미노산이며 이 때의 F-P-4의 단백가는 93이었다. 한편 Holt 등이 제안한 유아필수아미노산 소요량을 F-P-4와 비교한 결과 12 개월된 유아의 하루 소요량을 P-P-4 130g으로서 대체로 만족시키고 있었다. 다. 비타민 및 무기질 함량을 분석 조사한 결과 이 제품 100g으로서도 유유아의 1일 권장량을 대채로 충족시킬 수 있었다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2004

Background: The VLCD that supplies only 400-800kcal meal per day has a lot of problems and can severely harm the health. Certain herbs are known to the side-effects such as weakness, skin dehydration, and dizziness. If VLCD with meal-replacement containing these hearbs can effectively minimize the side-effects, it make weight management easier and reduce any possible danger the health. Objectives: This prospective, double-blinded study is intended to compare the severity of symptoms induced by VLCD and weight loss between the case group supplied with meal-replacement herbal extracts(n=29) and controlled group supplied with meal-replacement not containing herbal extracts(n=29). This was with 52 volunteers for 4 weeks. The measurements of this experiment were as follows: symptoms caused by patients' subjective judgments, the result of blood test illustratingerol level, total protein etc., and changes in overall weight, fat mass and lean body mass. Result: we concluded that there are no significant differences in weight change between case group and controlled group, and that the total protein at the end of trial was significantly higher in case group than in controlled group, and triglyceride level at the end of trial was lower in case group than in controlled group. As expected, the side-effects such as hair loss and dehydration in skin are also lessin case group than in controlled group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 1994

This study was performed to study the effects of dietary factors on breast and cervical cancer incidence in female Koreans. The subjects were 60 breast and 109 cervical cancer patients recruited from five general hospitals in Seoul. Food intake, anthropometric measurement, and blood compositions were studied through personal interview and using medical records, from August 1991 to September 1992. Body weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness and body muscle mass were at upper limit of normal value, which suggest that these patients had a tendency of overweight. The levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit of the patients were below the normal values. The values of serum protein, albumin, and calcium were in the normal range but close to the lower bound. Therefore the nutritional status assessed by blood composition seems to be marginal. The results of diet history showed that most of the nutrient intake of the subjects met with RDA. The fat intake were 22.9-36.9g/day which supplies about 15-16% of total calories. The results of this study do not agree with those reports of western societies which showed the positive correlation between calorie and fat intake and the incidence of breast and cervical cancer. Even through the calories and fat intake of the subjects were not high, it was higher than national average, especially in breast cancer patients. From this study, dietary factors does not seem to be a major risk factor in cancer incidence in Korea. However, the tendency of the increasing consumption of fat could be a contributing risk factor together with overweight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1458-1468
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• 2019

Objective: As one of the most important metabolic organs, the liver plays vital roles in modulating the lipid metabolism. This study was to compare miRNA expression profiles of the Large White liver between two different developmental periods and to identify candidate miRNAs for lipid metabolism. Methods: Eight liver samples were collected from White Large of 70-day fetus (P70) and of 70-day piglets (D70) (with 4 biological repeats at each development period) to construct sRNA libraries. Then the eight prepared sRNA libraries were sequenced using Illumina next-generation sequencing technology on HiSeq 2500 platform. Results: As a result, we obtained 346 known and 187 novel miRNAs. Compared with the D70, 55 down- and 61 up-regulated miRNAs were shown to be significantly differentially expressed (DE). Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis indicated that these DE miRNAs were mainly involved in growth, development and diverse metabolic processes. They were predicted to regulate lipid metabolism through adipocytokine signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B, and Notch signaling pathway. The four most abundantly expressed miRNAs were miR-122, miR-26a and miR-30a-5p (miR-122 only in P70), which play important roles in lipid metabolism. Integration analysis (details of mRNAs sequencing data were shown in another unpublished paper) revealed that many target genes of the DE miRNAs (miR-181b, miR-145-5p, miR-199a-5p, and miR-98) might be critical regulators in lipid metabolic process, including acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4, ATP-binding casette A4, and stearyl-CoA desaturase. Thus, these miRNAs were the promising candidates for lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our study provides the main differences in the Large White at miRNA level between two different developmental stages. It supplies a valuable database for the further function and mechanism elucidation of miRNAs in porcine liver development and lipid metabolism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.815-836
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• 1999

The role of animal agriculture for the quality of human life has always been emphasized during 20th century and it is expected to be even more important in terms of food supplies and in providing additional functions in the future. The world human population has almost tripled during a period of half century. The world population of animals has increased 2~3 times (6 times for chicken) during the last 60 years, and the total amount of livestock products has increased 5~6 times (more than 10 times in pork) with higher annual growth rate (9%) in developing countries. Increased personal income certainly encouraged demand for animal products over grains and lower animal production costs resulted from scientific and technological advances. Similarly the production of total grains has more than doubled owing to the advances in agricultural science during the later part of the 20th century. The average life span of world people in 1950s was only 46 years, which will be increased to almost 66 years in the year 2000. Present date clearly indicate that the life span of people is proportional to their income (GNP) and/or animal protein intake. Animals can provide other resources than foods. The increase of human population indicates that the number of animals as well as per capita consumption of animal products will be increased in the 21st century. The other resources we get from animals are drafts, packing, riding, hunting and herding. Guiding the blind, protection and companionship are also examples of what we can expect from animals. In the very near future, animals will become major donors of organs, skin and producers of drugs or special functional foods. It may be concluded that animals are very closely associated and related to the quality of human life, and they are expected to remain the same way in the 21st century.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.587-602
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• 2011

Improved efficiency in the use of natural resources, pragmatic production systems and environmental sustainability, justified by the need for improved land use systems and increased productivity, are discussed in the context of Asian integrated systems, diversification, and issues of sustainability. The importance of these are reflected by serious inadequate animal protein production throughout Asia, where available supplies cannot match current and projected human requirements up to 2050. Among the ruminant production systems, integrated tree crops-ruminant production systems are grossly underestimated and merit emphasis and expansion. As an example, integrated oil palm- based system is an important pathway for integration with ruminants (buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep), and provides the entry point for development. The importance and benefits of integrated systems are discussed, involving animals with annual and perennial tree crops, integration with aquaculture, the significance of crop-animal interactions, stratification of the systems, production options, improved use of forages and legumes, potential for enhanced productivity, implications for improved livelihoods of the rural poor and the stability of farm households. The advances in research and development in South East Asia highlight demonstrable increased productivity from animals and meat offtakes, value addition to the oil palm crop, sustainable development, and distinct economic impacts. The results from 12 out of a total of 24 case studies concerning oil palm over the past three decades showed increased yield of 0.49-3.52 mt of fresh fruit bunches (FFB)/ha/yr; increased income by about 30%; savings in weeding costs by 47- 60% equivalent to 21-62 RM/ha/yr; and an internal rate of return of 19% based on actual field data. The results provide important socio-economic benefits for resource-poor small farmers. Potential increased offtakes and additional income exist with the integration of goats. Additionally, the potential for carbon sequestration with tree crops is an advantage. The reasons for low adoption of the syatems are poor awareness of the potential of integrated systems, resistance by the crop- oriented plantation sector, and inadequate technology application. Promoting wider expansion and adoption of the systems in the future is linked directly with coherent policy, institutional commitment, increased investments, private sector involvement, and a stimulus package of incentives.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.296-302
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• 1983

국가적(國家的) 차원에서의 국민영양소요양(國民營養所要量)을 확립하는데 중요한 지표(指標)가 되는 한국인(韓國人) 평균1인1일당(平均1人1日當) 영양소요양(營養所要量)설정의 필요성에 의하여, 1980년도(年度) 경제기획원인구(經濟企劃院人口)센서스 자료(資料)와 FAO한국협회(韓國協會)가 1980년(年) 제(第)3 차 (次) 개정(改定)한 한국인영양권장양으로부터 한국인(韓國人) 평균(平均)1인(人)1일당(日當) 영양소요양(營養所要量)을 계산(計算)하였다. 즉 영양소별(營養素別) 평균(平均)1인(人)1일당(日當) 영양소요양(營養所要量)은 에너지 2,200 kcal, 단백질(蛋白質) 70 g, 칼슘 0.72 g, 철(鐵) 14 mg, 비타민 A 1,900 IU, 비타민 C 50 mg, 비타민$B_{1}$ 0.9 mg, 비타민 $B_{2}$ 1.2 mg 그리고 나이아신당양(當量)은 15 mg이었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

The milk product is one of the major foods which provide calcium for nutritional requirement. In addition to calcium, it supplies diverse nutrients including protein, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$. Adequate calcium intake throughout lifetime ensures optimum bone density and prevents osteoporosis in old age by reducing loss of bone mineral during growth and aging. The nutritional deficiency of calcium intake and spreading of osteoporosis in Korean population accentuated necessity of adequate calcium intake through milk consumption. Obstruction of milk consumption due to lactose intolerance should be overcome by educational programs for adequate milk consumption and low-lactose milk product developments. Consumption of milk products was reported to prevent high blood pressure in clinical studies and epidemiological investigations. As the feeding of milk increased, the body weight and fat of animal decreased in animal studies. The epidemiological investigations revealed that there was a negative correlation between the amount of milk consumption and the body fat. When calcium was provided as dietary supplement in the clinical trials, the body weight and body fat of subjects decreased. When calcium was particularly supplied as a part of milk, the body weight reduction rate was augmented. Calcium, vitamin D, and conjugated linoleic acid have been reported to exert a role in reducing cancer. The paramount importance of milk in nutrition as a source of calcium and other invaluable nutrients emphasizes consistent supply of milk products to adults as well as adolescents by dairy industry.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2014

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an intracellular pathogen that has evolved to survive in the phagosome of macrophages. The periplasmic copper-binding protein CueP was initially known to confer copper resistance to S. Typhimurium. Crystal structure and biochemical studies on CueP revealed a putative copper binding site surrounded by the conserved cysteine and histidine residues. A recent study reported that CueP supplies copper ions to periplasmic Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SodCII) at a low copper concentration and thus enables the sustained SodCII activity in the periplasm. In this study, we investigated the role of CueP in copper resistance at a high copper concentration. We observed that the survival of a cueP-deleted strain of Salmonella in macrophage phagosome was significantly reduced. Subsequent biochemical experiments revealed that CueP specifically mediates the reduction of copper ion using electrons released during the formation of the disulfide bond. We observed that the copper ion-mediated Fenton reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was blocked by CueP. This study provides insight into how CueP confers copper resistance to S. Typhimurium in copper-rich environments such as the phagosome of macrophages.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2017

Probiotics로 알려진 유산균을 다량 포함하고 있으며 우유가 가지고 있는 영양성분을 함유한 액상형 요구르트를 사용하여, 저장성은 높지만 편리성이 낮은 분말형 요구르트의 단점을 개선한, 유동성 및 용해성이 우수한 구형과립 요구르트를 제조하였다. 구형과립 요구르트의 유동층코팅기 최적 제조조건은 반응표면분석방법(RSM design)을 이용하여 설정하였으며, feeding rate(FR) 0.54 mL/min, atomization air pressure(AP) 2.64 bar, product temperature(PT) $58.18^{\circ}C$의 유동층코팅기 운영조건하에서 최대회수율은 79.42%로 예측되었다. 유동층코팅기의 버텀스프레이 방식으로 제조된 구형과립 요구르트는 6-7 log CFU/g의 많은 유산균을 가지고 있었으며, 특히 상대습도 75% 및 저장온도 $25^{\circ}C$ 조건하에서 4개월 동안 유산균수의 감소가 아주 미미하여, 저장성 및 편리성이 증진된 새로운 형태의 유산균 제품 개발에 대한 가능성을 보여주었다.