• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.279-282
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• 1996

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-inhibition test using a Clonorchis sinensis species-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) , CsHyb 0605-23, showed increased specificity over the conventional ELISA used for serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis. To characterize the corresponding antigen further, the MAb was tested against polysaccharide, protein and glycolipid fractions obtained from a crude extract of C. slnensis adult worms, using chloroform, methanol and phenol extractions. Only the polysaccharide fraction was recognized by the mb among those fractions. Mild oxidation of the antigen with sodium periodate showed decreased reactivity against the MAb. We concluded that the antigen and antigenic determinants recognized by the MAb are carbohydrates.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 1993

Aqueous fractions from Korean red ginseng inhibited the phosphorylations of 40 KD and 20 KD polypeptides which were induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (100 nM) in human platelets. Much more carbohydrates were contained in the aqueous fractions than proteins. An aqueous fraction extracted with methanol, mainly, consists of glycoproteins, molecular weights of which were below 18 KD. We may infer that the aqueous fraction from Korean red ginseng do antitumorous and antiplatelet functions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.139-149
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• 1987

Mathematical models of the litter accumulation, decay and turnover in the grassland and forest ecosystems of equilibrium state of the annual litter production were established to analyse the decay rates of organic and inorganic constituents of the litter. Those models were validated by an application to a Phragmites longivalvis grassland in a delta of the River Nakdong. The decay constants of cold-water-soluble fractions, other carbohydrates, hot-water-soluble fractions, cellulose, crude fat, lignin and crude protein in the litter were 0.730, 0.583, 0.555, 0.505, 0.479, 0.331 and 0.310 respectively. The amount of mineral nutrients such as N. P. K. Ca and Mg returned annually to the soil were estimated to 7.09, 1.34, 2.36, 4.37 and 0.79g/m2 respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1991

The objective of this in vitro study is to screen a possible inhibitor, originated from some chinese herb medicines, of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase that is the major regulatory enzyme of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. Fourteen kinds of herbal plant were extracted with water and evaporated for prescreening. The methanol extracts of the effective 3 kinds (9 species) were fractionated with chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water, and vacuum evaporated. The degree of inhibition of the extracts to HMG-CoA reductase activity was calculated by the spectrophotometric method using microsomal protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 42949 as an enzyme source. Among these samples, marked inhibitory effects were observed in the extracts of ethylacetate and chloroform fractions of the Rosa rugosa roots, and those of butanol, ehtylacetate and water fractions of pine leaves. Also, the inhibitory effects of the extracts obtained from buckwheat shell and the roots of Rosaceae were found.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1081-1087
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• 2000

Gromwell colorants were extracted with methanol and dried. Four fractions were obtained by silica gel adsorption column chromatography using step-wise elution method. Relative ratio of four fraction is 1.00:0.07:0.22:0.30(Fl:F2:F3:F4) and gromwell colorants mainly consist of Fl, F3 and F4. IR analysis shows that each fraction has similar structure. Main component of gromwell extracts is acetyl derivative of naphthoquinone, and the rest are isobutyl derivative and isovaleryl derivative etc., in order. Gromwell colorants exhibit relatively good affinity to protein and polyamide fibers, but low affinity to cellulose and regenerated cellulose fibers.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.164-167
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• 2009

The lactoferrin from mongolian mare colostrum has been purified by gel filtration (Sephadex G-100), affinity chromatography (Toyopear1-AF-Heparin-650M) in two steps. Mare lactoferrin-containing fractions were identified in the first peak among 3 peaks on Sephadex G-100 as first step, and purified lactoferrin was eluted with a step gradient of 0.5M NaCl as a 3 step (gradient 0.1,0.3, 0.5M). Eluted fractions were analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE, and showed a single protein. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 82kDa. N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as APRKSVRWCTISPAEXAKXA.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1985

Polysaccharide fractions were prepared from Forsythia Corea by several different extraction schedules. The fractions obtained were designated as ForCo A, ForCo B and ForCo C respectively. ForCo C was further purified through Sephadex G 200 column chromatography and obtianed two subfractions (Coreana A, Coreana B). ForCo showed marked antitumor activity against sarooma 180 and its activity was dose-dependent. Coreana A, purified from ForCo C, showed somewhat higher antitumor activity. ForCo C increased the number of circulating leucocytes and peritoneal exudate cells, but didn't show any significant effects on the phagocytic activity and total serum protein level. Chemical analysis showed that ForCo C was composed of glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose. A close relationship between antitumor activities and polysaccharide contents waw observed. These results indicate strongly that antitumor active principle of Forsythia Corea is polysaccharide.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 1981

In order to confirm the exact antipyretic component in the earthworm, etherial extract of American earthworm(Red Worm) was fractionated into five fractions by using silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The fraction including free fatty acids was found to possess artipyretic response and standard arachidonic acid showed marked antipyretic response on typhoid vaccinated rabbits. Arachidonic acid was identified from the free fatty acid fraction of the earthworm by using gas liquid chromatography. Thus it was considered that the antipyretic activity of the free fatty acid may be due to the presence of arachidonic acid. Lipid-free earthworm powder was extracted with phosphate buffer (pH, 8.0, 0.1M) and all the proteins was salted out by ammonium sulfate. The crude precipitate was dialyzed and the impure proteins were eliminated at pH 5.4 and 4.6. The remaining protein solution was fractionated with various concentrations of acetone. The acetone fractions were identified by using S.D.S. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and disc gel electrophoresis. The precipitate at 85% acetone concentration and the remaining proteins in the supernatant did not exhibit the antipyretic activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 1996

To study the effects of ginseng saponin components on the signal transduction in the ac tivation of murine macrophages, phagocytosis and Intracellular calcium concentration of peritoneal exuded mouse macrophages were examined. The phagocytosis was increased significantly after treatment with total saponin, diol-saponin, $Rg_1$ and $Rg_2$, but triol-saponin was unable to increase phagocytosis. The phagocytosis were increased when H7, a PKC inhibitor, was pretreated and increased significantly by saponin fractions except total saponin. Pertussis toxin, which inactivates G-protein, decreased the phagocytosis. But the phagocytosis was restored to the control level by saponin fractions and the phagocytosis was increased significantly by $Rg_2$ and $Rg_2$. The triol saponin increased phagocytosis approximately by 2-fold as compared with the TMB-8 treated group. Peritoneal exuded macrophages displayed a prominent rise in cytosolic calcium following treatment with triol-saponin, $Rg_1$, $Rg_2$ and $Rg_2$. Incubation of macrophages with PT resulted in an inhibition of cytosolic calcium mobilization, but increased cytosolic calcium mobilization with saponin fraction.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2010

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a useful tool in researches and in clinical medicine of lung diseases because the BAL fluid contains biochemical and cytological indicators of the cellular response to infection, drugs, or toxicants. However, the variability among laboratories regarding the technique and the processing of the BAL material limits clinical research. The aim of this study was to determine the suction frequency and lavage fraction number necessary to reduce the variability in lavage using male Sprague-Dawley rats. We compared the total cell number and protein level of each lavage fraction and concluded that more cells and protein can be obtained by repetitive lavage with a suction frequency of 2 or 3 than by lavage with a single suction. On the basis of total cell recovery, approximately 70% of cells were obtained from fractions 1~3. The first lavage fraction should be used for evaluation of protein concentration because fractions 2~5 of lavage fluid were diluted in manifolds. These observations were confirmed in bleomycin-induced inflamed lungs of rats. We further compared the BAL data from the whole lobes with data from the right lobes and concluded that BAL data of the right lobes represented data of the whole lobes. However, this conclusion can only be applied to general lung diseases. At the end, this study provides an insight into the technical or analytical problems of lavage study in vivo.