• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.255-262
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth performance between two different crossbred strains of Korean native chickens denoted as 1E and 2E with a white semibroiler (LL) from hatch to d-84 post-hatch. A total of 450 one-day-old chicks were randomly distributed into cages which included 15 replicate cages each for 1E and 2E with 9 replicate cages for LL. A three phase feeding program was used as a starter (Day 1 - 35; crude protein [CP] 20.3%; metabolizable energy [ME] 3,059 kcal·kg^-1), grower (Day 36 - 56; CP 18.6%; ME 3,123 kcal·kg^-1) and finisher (Day 57 - 84; CP 16.7%; ME 3,187 kcal·kg^-1). The results revealed that LL had a higher (p < 0.05) BW during d-8 to d-84 compared with the other two cross breed groups. A higher (p < 0.05) ADG was observed from the LL during the entire period except from d-1 to d-14 and d-71 to d-84 when compared with 1E and 2E. Shank length did not vary (p > 0.05) between the strains, despite LL having a SL that was 2.86% higher (p < 0.05) when compared with the other strains from d-15 to d-21 post-hatch, and 1E had a SL that was 2.28% (p < 0.05) higher when compared with the other strains during the first week of the experiment.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1998

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 200 hospitalized adult patients in Samsung Medical Center from January 1st in 1995 to June 31st in 1997. Standard criteria were modified and determined from those stated by AJHP (American Journal of Health System Pharmacy) and ASPEN (American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). The justification for indications was appropriate in $35\%,\;44\%,\;and\;32\%$ of the patient's in 1995, 1996, and 1997, respectively, without significant improvement over the last two and half years. Before and during the administration of TPN, several monitoring indicators were well documented, and monitoring frequencies were increased over two and half years period. However, the majority of the monitoring indicators were not found in the standard criteria range of $90\%$. The monitoring indicators for electrolyte balance, $PO_4$ and Mg, were not measured appropriately and resulted in the complications which could have been prevented. The indicator for lipid tolerance, triglyceride and the indicator for hemorrhagic incidence, prothrombin time (PT), were not well documented in comparison with other indicators. The indicators for the improvement in nutritional status, albumin and total protein, were appropriate in $90\%$ of the patients. Determination of TPN formula was based on the laboratory data and chart reviews, and it was appropriate in $98\%$. But the administration of lipid and vitamin K for the prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency and hemorrhage, respectively, was not carried out appropriately when the administration of TPN was prolonged, lasting more than 7 days. When a patient returned to oral or enteral feeding, TPN was terminated. However, increase in albumin level or weight was rarely observed. In conclusion, healthcare professionals should all work as a team and active participation to provide optimized nutrition support for partners.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.86-87
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• 2015

Objectives: Condurango is widely used in various systems of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) against oesophageal and stomach ailments including certain types of cancer. However, until now no systematic study has been conducted to verify its efficacy and dose with proper experimental support. Therefore, we examined if ethanolic extract of Condurango could ameliorate benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced lung cancer in rats in vivo to validate its use as a traditional medicine. Methods: After one month of scheduled BaP feeding (50 mg/kg body-weight), lung cancer developed after four months. BaP-intoxicated rats were then treated with Condurango (0.06 mL) twice daily starting at the end of the four months for an additional one, two and three months, respectively. Effects of Condurango were evaluated by analyzing lung histology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant biomarkers, DNA-fragmentation, RT-PCR (Reverese Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction), ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and western blot of several apoptotic signalling markers and comparing the results against those obtained for controls. Results: A histological study revealed gradual progress in lung tissue-repair activity in Condurango-fed cancer-bearing rats, showing gradual tissue recovery after three months of drug administration. Condurango has the capacity to generate ROS, which may contribute to a reduction in anti-oxidative activity and to an induction of oxidative stress-mediated cancer-cell death. Condurango-activated pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, p53, cytochrome-c, apaf-1, ICAD and PARP) and down-regulated antiapoptotic-Bcl-2 expression were noted both at mRNA and protein levels. Studies on caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage by western blot analysis revealed that Condurango induced apoptosis through a caspase-3-dependent pathway. Conclusions: The anticancer efficacy of an ethanolic extract of Condurango for treating BaP-induced lung cancer in rats lends support for its use in various traditional systems of medicine.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.105-106
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental Lactobacillus with drinking water on growing performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal microflora, fecal NH3-N and VFA of broiler chicks. Four hundreds and eighty one day broiler chicks were divided into no supplement (none) and three drinking water, 10$^{6}$ (T1), 10$^4$(T2) and 10$^2$ cfu/ml water(T3) with Lactobacillus reuteri for five week. Weight gain of T2 was the highest in all treatments(P＜0.05), and other supplements also tended to increase but there were not significantly difference compared to the none. Feed intake and feed conversion were not statistically different of all treatments. Dry Matter digestibility of Lactobacillus treatments was tended to improve compared to that of none, but was not significantly different. Protein and fat digestibility were also tended to Improve In Lactobacillus treatments relative that of control(P＜0.05), whereas ash digestibility was not consistency. Total Lactobacillus spp. of birds fed Lactobacillus was significantly higher in cecum at five weeks(P＜0.05), but was not different at ileum. E. coli and Salmonella were not difference by treatments. In conclusion, feeding Lactobacillus increase performance and nutrients digestibility of broiler chicks and Improve environments of house.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.409-420
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• 2010

Effects of various concentrations of garlic powder and garlic extract in the diets on growth, serum chemistry and immune response of olive flounder were determined. Thirty-five juvenile fish averaging 5.1 g were randomly distributed into 21 of 180 L flow-through tanks. Seven experimental diets with various concentrations of garlic powder (GP) and garlic extract (GE) were prepared in triplicate: GP-0 without garlic supplementation, GP-0.5, GP-1, GP-2, GP-3 and GP-5 diets containing garlic powder at the concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%, respectively at the expense of wheat flour and finally, GE-0.4 diet containing 0.4% garlic extract were prepared. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, serum chemistry of fish was measured. In addition, twenty fish from each tank were artificially infected with E. tarda for the following 96 h to monitor cumulative mortality. Weight gain of fish fed GP-0 diet was higher than that of fish fed GP-1, GP-2, GP-3 and GP-5 diets. No difference in serum criteria (total protein, glucose, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels) of olive flounder was found among the experimental diets except for glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Lysozyme activity of fish fed GP-0, GP-1, GP-3 and GE-0.4 diets was higher than that of fish fed GP-5 diet. The highest cumulative mortality was 93.3% in fish fed GP-0 diet at 96 h after E. tarda infection, followed by GP-3, GP-1, GP-5, GP-2, GP-0.5 and GE-0.4 diets. In considering these results, dietary inclusion of garlic powder and garlic extract has no distinctive positive effect on improvement in growth, serum chemistry and immune response of olive flounder in this experimental conditions, therefore, its application should be carefully considered.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 1994

The effect of milk in low and high cholesterol diet was invesigated on serum cholesterol metabolism and lipid contents of serum, aorta, liver of rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into low(0.01% w/w) and high(1.01% w/w) cholesterol-diets groups. Low cholesterol groups subdivided into four groups ; control group was given water and three milk groups were given low heat milk(LM), ultra-high heat milk(HM), and powder milk(PM), respectivily, instead of water. High cholesterol groups were consisted of three groups ; control, LM, and HM groups. After feeding these experimental diets for six weeks, lipid levels were measured in serum and tissure and dried feces were analyzed for neutral and acidic sterols. Results obtained from this study are as follows : 1) Nutrient intakes, body weight gains and aorta weights did not differ among groups, but liver weights were higher in high cholesterol fed rats than low cholesterol fed rats. 2) Serum protein contents were increased independently by intakes of high cholesterol and milk. 3) Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were increased but phospholipid levels and HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios were decreased by high cholesterol in diet. And milk supplementation decreased serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels but increased phospholipid levels and HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios. 4) Contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in aorta and liver were elevated by dietary high cholesterol and lowered by consumption of all three types of milk. 5) Levels of cholesterol and triglyceride among serum, aorta and liver were highly correlated (r=0.7-0.9, p<0.001). 6) Fecal excretion of total sterols was three times high in high cholesterol group, compared with low cholesterol groups and were increased about 20% by milk consumption. 7) The effects of milk were more pronouncely shown in low cholesterol groups and mostly confined to LM and HM groups, rarely shown in PM group. It is concluded from the present study that milk had the hypolipidemic as well as hypocholes terolemic effect, which appears to be mediated through increased fecal bile acid excretion. But the effect is likely to be shaded by excess consumption of dietary cholesterol and was almost absent in powder milk.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.391-394
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• 1999

A feeding experiment was conducted using juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) to investigate the optimum level of supplemental vitamin and/or mineral premixes in a formulated diet for practical feed formulation. Three replicate groups of abalone averaging 100 mg were fed the diets containing different levels of vitamin premix ($0\%,\;0.5\%,\;1.0\%$ and $2\%$) and /or mineral premix($0\%,\;2\%,\;4\%$ and $6\%$) for 4 months. Survival rates of abalone showed no distinctive trend by the levels of dietary vitamin premixes. Weight gain, shell growth and soft body weight of abalone were not significantly affected by the different dietary vitamin and/or mineral premixes (P>0,05). Moisture, protein and lipid contents of soft body were influenced by experimental diets (P<0.05) but these differences also had no definite trends by levels of vitamin and/or mineral premixes. These data indicate that supplemental vitamin or mineral premix is not needed in this formulated diet, therefore price of diet for juvenile abalone could be reduced.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1022-1028
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• 2021

Objective: Supplemental nitrate is known to be an effective tool to mitigate methane emission by ruminants. Based on theoretical considerations, supplemental nitrate can improve but also deteriorate the growth performance. The overall effect of supplemental nitrate on growth performance, however, is not yet known. The objective of the current study was therefore to evaluate the effect of a higher dose of NO3- on overall growth performance when feeding either Pangola grass hay or rice straw. Methods: Thirty-two crossbred, 3-month-old Thai native×Anglo-Nubian crossbred male goats were used. The experiment had a 2×2 factorial design with an experimental period of 60 days. Eight goats were randomly allocated to each dietary treatment, i.e. a ration containing either Pangola hay (Digitaria eriantha Steud) or rice straw (Oryza Sativa) as a source of roughage, supplemented with a concentrate containing either 3.2% or 4.8% potassium nitrate. The rations were formulated to be isonitrogenous. The animals were weighed at the start of the experiment and at days 30 and 60. Feces were collected during the last five days of each 30-day period. Results: High-nitrate increased overall DM intake by approximately 3%, irrespective the source of roughage, but only the goats fed a rice straw-based ration responded with an increase in body weight (BW). Thus, the overall feed conversion ratio (kg feed/kg BW gain) was influenced by roughage source ×nitrate and decreased by almost 60% when the goats were fed rice straw in combination with a high versus a low dietary nitrate content. The digestibility of macronutrients was only affected by the source of roughage and the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fibre was greater when the goats were fed Pangola hay. Conclusion: It was concluded that the replacement of soybean meal by nitrate improves the growth performance of meat goats fed rations based on rice straw, but not Pangola hay.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Ptecticus tenebriferwas incorporated to partially or totally replace the diets of juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Experimental groups of shrimp with an average initial body weight of $0.014{\pm}0.001g$ were fed each of the 5 diets formulated to include 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (C, T25, T50, T75, and T100, respectively) of Ptecticus tenebriferpowder substituted for commercial feed. After eight weeks of feeding trials, juvenile shrimp fed with diets T25 and T50 showed higher live weight gain ($2.298{\pm}0.405$ and $2.539{\pm}0.406$, respectively), and a better feed conversion ratio ($1.389{\pm}0.246$ and $1.536{\pm}0.246$, respectively) compared to those of shrimp fed a control diet. Survival rate was 98% in all experimental groups except for the T75 group ($66.67{\pm}57.73%$ survival). The levels of immune markers such as beta-glucan binding protein, prophenoloxidase, and crustin associated with the cellular and humoral immunity of shrimp were found to be higher in 25% and 50% commercial feed replacement groups. A reduction in total nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and ammonia levels was greater in T25 and T50 rather than in T75 and T100. These results clearly indicate that replacement of feed with 25 to 50% Ptecticus tenebriferpowder in juvenile white shrimp diet was optimal in promoting the growth performance of shrimp without any adverse effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.776-782
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• 2019

Objective: Fasting may lead to changes in the microbiota and activity in the rumen. In the present study, the effects of fasting on rumen microbiota and the impact of fasting on in vitro rumen fermentation were evaluated using molecular culture-independent methods. Methods: Three ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were fed rice straw and concentrates. The ruminal fluids were obtained from the same steers 2 h after the morning feeding (control) and 24 h after fasting (fasting). The ruminal fluid was filtrated through four layers of muslin, collected for a culture-independent microbial analysis, and used to determine the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Total DNA was extracted from both control and fasting ruminal fluids. The rumen microbiota was assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microbial activity was evaluated in control and fasting steers at various intervals using in vitro batch culture with rice straw and concentrate at a ratio of 60:40. Results: Fasting for 24 h slightly affected the microbiota structure in the rumen as determined by DGGE. Additionally, several microorganisms, including Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Eubacterium ruminantium, Prevotella albensis, Prevotella ruminicola, and Ruminobacter amylophilus, decreased in number after fasting. In addition, using the ruminal fluid as the inoculum after 24 h of fasting, the fermentation characteristics differed from those obtained using non-fasted ruminal fluid. Compared with the control, the fasting showed higher total gas production, ammonia, and microbial protein production (p<0.05). No significant differences, however, was observed in pH and dry matter digestibility. Conclusion: When in vitro techniques are used to evaluate feed, the use of the ruminal fluid from fasted animals should be used with caution.