• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.529-536
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• 2010

This study was conducted to effect of extruded pellets (EPs) and moist pellet (MP) diet on growth and fish health parameters in farm cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Two replicate groups of 2,600 fish per each tank (initial weight of $30.1{\pm}0.2$ g) were fed one of the three EPs (EP1, EP2 and CEP) and one MP for 13 months. In field feeding experiment conducted in commercial flounder farm, survival, growth (30-600 g) and condition factor of fish fed experimental EP1 and EP2 were comparable to those of fish fed MP, but considerably higher feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were observed in fish fed experimental EPs. Viable cell counts from diet and water from MP diet were considerably higher than those from EP diet, and lysozyme activity from EP diet was higher than that from MP diet. GOT and GPT of fish fed the EP diet were considerably lower than those from MP group, but total protein and glucose concentration of fish fed the EP groups were not significantly different from that of fish fed the MP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that EP diets could be developed to replace MP diet without adverse effects on growth performance and to enhance the immunity and protective ability of olive flounder against fish disease such as Vibro, Edwardsiella and Strptococcus.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.631-642
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• 2015

The purpose of the study was to examine health status and mini nutritional assessment (MNA) according to self-esteem status of elderly in care hospital. The survey was carried out from $13^{th}$ to $31^{st}$ of September, 2014 in five care hospitals. Analysis was performed for 226 subjects. Evaluation criteria included demographics, clinical status, MNA, health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) and self-esteem. The SE I, SE II and SE III groups were divided by self-esteem scores. Data were analyzed one-way ANOVA, Duncan' multiple range test and Pearson's correlation using SPSS 15.0. Education level, religion, dental condition and medical endurance type were significantly different in all groups. Many elderly people were normal BMI ($20.94{\sim}21.67kg/m^2$). Self-esteem significantly increased in order of SE I, SE II and SE III. Mobility, usual activity and anxiety or depression were significantly different in all groups, and EQ-5D of SE II and SE III groups were significantly higher than that of SE I group. Comparison of MNA screening score in elderly patients was as follows : Score for food intake, psychological stress or acute disease, neuropsychological problems, pressure scores or skin ulcer, protein intake, mode of feeding, nutritional status and health status in SE I group were significantly lower than those of SE II and SE III groups. Mobility and drug intake of SE I group were significantly lower than those of SE III groups. Fruit and vegetable intake SE I group were significantly higher than those of SE II and SE III groups. MIS (Malnutrition Indicator Score) was significantly different among the SE I, SE II and SE III groups. We conclude that self-esteem score is positively correlated with protein intake, nutrition status, health status and MIS in elderly care hospital. To improve nutritional status of elderly in care hospitals, systematic nutrition management and self-esteem education program should be implemented.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2014

A 9-week feeding experiment was designed to test the effects of the dietary inclusion of distillers dried grain (DDG) on the growth performance, body composition, and antioxidant activity of juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0% DDG (DDG0), 7% and 14% DDG from rice (diets DDG-R7 and DDG-R14, respectively), as well as 7% and 14% DDG from rice and wheat flour (diets DDG-RW7 and DDG-RW14, respectively). Three replicate groups of juvenile rockfish averaging $68.0{\pm}0.4g$ were fed one of the diets to apparent satiation twice a day. Survival, weight gain, feed efficiency, and the protein efficiency ratio of fish were not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). Proximate and amino acid compositions of the whole body were not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). Plasma total protein, glucose, total cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, phospholipid, and triglyceride were not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). Radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) in the plasma of rockfish fed the DDG-RW14 diet was higher than that of fish fed the DDG0 diet (P < 0.05). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in the liver of rockfish fed diets containing DDG was higher than that of fish fed the DDG0 diet (P < 0.05). Alkyl radical scavenging activity in the liver of rockfish fed the DDG-R7 diet was higher than that of fish fed the DDG0 diet (P < 0.05). These results suggest that DDG is a suitable ingredient for the partial replacement of wheat flour and can be used at a rate of up to 14% in the diet without incurring negative effects on the growth performance or body chemical composition of juvenile rockfish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1980

The effect of dietary vegetable oils on the growth and blood glucose level of rabbit was examed. This study was carried out to observe the nutritive effect of feeding vegetable oils for a period of weeks. The experimental diets were prepared on the basis of isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet. The Experimental animals were fed on 5 kinds of diets such as control (Basal), group A(Basal + sesame oil), group B(Basal + perilla oil), group C(Basal + soybean oil), and group D(Basal + rice bran on diets for 4 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The gain in body weight of rabbit was higher for perilla oil fed group than any other group gained. 2. Liver weight of the control group, group A, group B, group C, and group D were 30.35 or 37.35 or, 37.25 or, 38.25 gr, 31.05 gr, and 39.54 gr, respectively. The reletionship between liver and body weight were 3.25, 3.99, 4.33, 4,15, and 4.57, respectively. It showed that to liver weight of group D which was fed rice bran oil was heavier than any other group showed. 3. The content of total protein and glucase level in serum of animal blood were 5.72 mg% 40.34 mg%, 5.65 mg%: 22.37 mg%, 5.95 mg%: 77.0 mg%. 5.62 mg%: 28.60 mg%, and 5.63 mg%: 34.10 mg%, respectively. As shown above, the group B was the most heaviest one. 4. It may be concluded from the above results that linolenic acid which was included in vegetable oils have an effect on interconversion among three caloric elements such as cabohydrate, protein, and fats.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding hog hair protein (HHP) on the nutritional value for poultry. In experiment 1, twenty roosters of Hanhyup-3 strain were alloted, and metabolizability of HHAA was measured. In experiment 2, forty roosters of Hanhyup-3 strain were alloted to 0, 3, 7.6 and 15.1% of HHAA treatments, 10 birds per treatment, and measured feed utilization and blood parameters. In experiment 1, no trend was found in excretion of amino acid, high in glysine and glutelin, low in valine, threonine, and methionine. HHAA metabolizability of serine, phenylalanine, alanine, and isoleucine was more higher than that of lysine, cystine, asparagine, and tyrosine. In experiment 2, as the HHAA level increased, feed intake decreased significantly in 15.1% treatment, but water intake increased significantly in 15.1% traetment. Dry matter and nitrogen metabolizability decreased in 7.6 and 15.1% treatments. Although no significant difference was found among three treatments(0, 3, and 5.7%), as the HHAA level increased, dry matter and nitrogen metabolizability decreased. Serum creatinine level was significantly increased in 15.1% treatment. In conclusion, it is considered that proper level to substitute soybean meal by HHAA was 10%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 1997

This study was investigated the herbage productivity and nutrient contents of corn (Suweon 19 and Kwanganok) and sweet sorghum (Ramiki sorgo and Silage sorgo) at the stage of maturity (10-DBS, silking, milky and dough stages) to identify the utility value of sweet sorghum as a substituting crop for corn. The silage materials (dough stage) were chopped and were storaged for 90 days in polyethlene bag with O.lmm thickness. Chemical composition, nitrogen content and in vitm dry matter digestibility were evaluated. Also, daily intake and palatability were checked in the feeding trial with four male sheep in average weight about 57kg. Both fresh and dry matter yield of corn and sweet sorghum were increased as the maturity processed (P< 0.05), and sweet sorghum showed higher total yield potential than corn. Crude protein content of the cultivars was decreased as the maturity was processed (P< 0.05). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of the cultivars, in general, showed highest at silking stage, followed by 10 days before silking (10-DBS), and milky and dough stages (Pi0.05) in order. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was increased as the maturity processed, and it showed the highest value at milk stage. However, the contents of ADF in sorghum plant was decreased during the late maturity. Crude protein content of the silage was not significantly different among cultivars used, while NDF content was highest in Ramiki sorgo, followed by Silage sorgo, Kwanganok and Suweon 19. In v i m DM digestibility of the silage was highest in Kwanganok, followed by Suweon 19, Silage sorgo and Ramiki sorgo. Total N content of the silage was highest in Ramiki sorgo, followed by Suweon 19, Silage sorgo and Kwanganok. DM intake of the silage was highest in Ramiki sorgo, followed by Suweon 19, Silage sorgo and Kwanganok and it was closely related to the palatability value.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.645-654
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• 2016

For the purpose of reuse the wasted by-products from the skate process to the health functional food or medicinal material, chondroitin sulfate was extracted from the skate cartilage with the method of hydrolysis with protease enzyme, and the contents of chondroitin sulfate and hydrolyzed protein were measured qualitatively and quantitatively. The effects of chondroitin sulfate on body weight or liver weight changes, hepatotoxicity elimination and anti-inflammatory actions were measured from in vivo test with feed-treated mice. From the hydrolytic extraction of skate cartilage with the mixture of 1% alcalase and 1% protease for 4 hours, the extraction yield of chondroitin sulfate was about 32.55%. The content and molecular weight of chondroitin sulfate was 26.63% and $2.85{\times}10^5Da$., respectively and the content ratio of chondroitin sulfate to protein was measured to 1 to 2.76 with gel permeation chromatography. For the odor component, trimethylamine decreased about 30% but almost not ammonia from chondroitin sulfate with the treatment of activated carbon. From the feeding chondroitin sulfate to mice, the control effect of body and liver weights decrease was measured, anti-inflammatory action and hepatotoxicity elimination action were also measured. From these results, process operation conditions for manufacturing of chondroitin sulfate were suggested.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.496-501
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• 1995

Experiments were carried out to find out the optimal condition of SCP produced by Cellulomonas sp. KL-6 and to evaluate nutritional value for the protein of this organism Intracellular- and extracellular proteins produced by this strain were estimated to be nearly maximum, $266\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}\;and\;37\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, in the medium containing 0.001% of thiamin after 5 days cultivation. When used rice straw as carbon source for the cell growth of this organism after crusing them by cutting mill, and treating them with 1.0% of NaOH and 10.0% of $NH_4OH\;at\;80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes and neutralizing continuatively them with 85% of $H_3PO_4$, SCP production rates were very increased to $1.63\;g/{\ell}$ (NaOH) and $1.47\;g/{\ell}$ (NH4OH), respectively than $0.5\;g/{\ell}$ produced in untreated rice straw. We compared their amino acids patterns with that of FAO provisional patterns. Amino acids content of strain KL-6 was excellents. However. when intended these cell mass to use in practical animal feeding test it would be advisable that destruction or lysis of cell wall should be done.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2020

The ticks feed large amount of blood from their hosts and transmit pathogens to the victims. The salivary gland plays an important role in the blood feeding. When the female ticks are near engorgement, the salivary gland gradually loses its functions and begins to rapidly degenerate. In this study, data-independent acquisition quantitative proteomics was used to study changes in the phosphorylation modification of proteins during salivary gland degeneration in Haemaphysalis longicornis. In this quantitative study, 400 phosphorylated proteins and 850 phosphorylation modification sites were identified. Trough RNA interference experiments, we found that among the proteins with changes in phosphorylation, apoptosis-promoting Hippo protein played a role in salivary gland degeneration.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.164-171
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• 1990

This study was carried out to enhance the nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and the utilization of animal waste as a ruminant feedstuffs. Whole crop corn were ensiled with cage layer excreta and concentrate. Treatments included whole crop corn silage (control), 10% cage layer excreta and concentrate-corn silage (CES lo), 20% cage layer excreta and 10% concentrate-corn silage (CES 20) and 30% cage layer excreta and 10% concentrate-corn silage (CES 30). The characteristics of silage fermentation was evaluated. Digestibility and palatability of the silage were observed through the feeding trial with four male Corridale sheep. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cage layer excreta-corn silage showed higher contents of crude protein and crude ash than control silage, while crude fibre content was significantlv lower than that of control silage (P(.01). 2. Total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of the cage layer excreta-corn silage was significantly (P< .01) higher than that of control, but CES 10 silage was good in quality. 3. Lactic acid content of CES 10 silage was the highest, but that of CES 20 and CES 30 silage was lower than that of control. CES 20 and CES 30 silage was lower lactic acid content and higher pH than control. Therefore Flieg's score was wrose than that of control silage. 4. The numbers of total bacteria and lactic fermentation bacteria were estimated lo7-10' and 10"1OH, respectively, and there were no significant differences among treatments. Coliform numbers were not detected with CES 10 silage while were detected lo3 per gram in CES 30 silage. 5. Digestibility of crude protein, crude fibre and ADF was improved significantly in the animals fed the cage layer excreta-corn silage compared with animals fed the control silage. DCP and TDN were the highest in the CES 10 silage. 6. The intake of daily nitrogen and dry matter per metabolic body weight was the highest in animals fed the CES 10 silage.lage.