• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various dietary lipid sources on the growth performance, body composition, and fatty acid profiles of juvenile fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi). Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean body weight, 15.1±0.18 g) were fed one of five experimental diets containing fish oil (SLO), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), lard (LA), or a mixture of SLO, SO, and LO (Mix) for 8 weeks. Fish fed the LA diet gained less weight than did fish fed the LO diet. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the LA and Mix diets were lower than those of fish fed the SO and LO diets. The body lipid content of fish fed the SO diet was lower than those of the other groups. Whole-body fatty acid compositions reflected the fatty acid compositions of dietary lipid sources. Fish fed the SO diet had high concentrations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, whereas fish fed the LO diet were rich in linolenic acid. Fish fed the SLO diet had significantly higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid compared with fish fed the SO, LO, and LA diets. The results of this study suggest that SO or LO could be used as a replacement for SLO in the diets of juvenile fancy carp without any negative effects on growth and feed utilization when the dietary essential fatty acid requirements are satisfied for juvenile fancy carp.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2010

Objectives : This study examined search on how the obesity indices, that are largely used in clinics such as waist circumference(WC), body mass index(BMI) and waist-hip ratio(WHR), are related to the visceral fat that was measured from abdominal computed tomography(CT) and the ratio of visceral fat/subcutaneous fat. Then, two groups ware compared in order to find out which characteristics of ordinary adults relationship with the abdominal obesity. Two groups are divided as follows; ones who are obese based on the measurement of WC and the others who are obese based on the level of BMI. Methods : A group of 63 test subjects that were gathered in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won university is divided into two groups; ones (n=51, general obesity; group A) who have $BMI{\geq}25$ and $WC{\geq}85$, and the others (n=12, abdominal obesity; group B) who have BMI<25 and $WC{\geq}85$. Then, each group's obesity indices, abdominal CT, lipid level, glucose, adiponectin, leptin and C-reactive protein(CRP) are compared. In addition, subjects are again divided into two to examine the characteristics; ones (n=14, visceral obesity; group C) with visceral obesity based on the ratio between visceral fat and subcutaneous fat measured through abdominal CT, and the others (n=38, non-visceral obesity; group D) who are obese but not viscerally obese. Results & Conclusions : As a measurement that applies abdominal visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, BMI and WC can be considered as an appropriate obesity index while WHR cannot appropriately apply the abdominal fat amount. Moreover, the study indicates that abdominal obesity group based on the ratio of visceral fat/subcutaneous fat has more significant difference than the abdominal obesity group based on the WC in case of blood lipid index.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.537-548
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• 2022

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, nitrogen-free extract, energy and essential amino acids in animal-based feed ingredients were determined for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A reference diet (RF) was formulated to contain 1.0% chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) as an inert indicator. Nine test diets were formulated to contain RF and one of the feed ingredients (pollock meal [PM], jack mackerel meal [JMM], anchovy meal [AM], cod meal [CM], sardine meal [SM], sand eel meal [SEM], tuna meal [TM], meat meal [MM] and squid liver meal [SLM]) at a 7:3 ratio in each diet designated as PM, JMM, AM, CM, SM, SEM, TM, MM and SLM, respectively. Olive flounder, averaging 150 ± 8.0 g, were stocked at a density of 25 fish per tank in 400-L fiberglass tanks attached with fecal collection columns. Feces were collected from triplicate groups of fish one time a day for four weeks. Dry matter and crude protein ADCs of CM and SEM were significantly higher than the other tested ingredients. Lipid ADCs of JMM, CM and SEM were significantly higher than the other test ingredients. Energy ADCs of CM and SEM were significantly higher than that of the other tested ingredients. The availability of amino acids in CM was generally higher than the other animal protein sources. PM exhibited the lowest amino acid availability among the treatments. Interestingly, MM exhibited significantly higher nutrient digestibility than several marine-based ingredients. However, CM and SEM are seeming to be highly digestible and effective to use in olive flounder diet compared to the other tested ingredients. Overall, the results of this study provide information about the bioavailability of nutrients and energy in animal feedstuffs to apply when formulating cost-effective practical feeds for olive flounder.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1265-1272
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• 2011

In this study, the extraction characteristics of soluble solid from Rumex crispus(Curled dock) was studied from the investigation of the effects of experimental conditions on extraction rate; extraction ratio, composition of extractants, extraction time and pH of extractant, etc. The proximate composition of Rumex crispus was 2.58% crude lipid, 5.59% crude protein, 7.39% crude ash, 6.13% moisture and 78.31% carbohydrate, respectively. Turbidity of extract by distilled water was higher and increased with extraction time and extraction temperature, where as the turbidity didn't increase by ethanol and methanol in 20 folds of extraction ratio. Turbidity was inversely proportional to the extraction ratio for the three extractants at 25$^{\circ}C$ and 1 hour extraction. But turbidity of extract was highest by composition of 50% methanol-water extractant than any other compositions of extractants. Eighteen and fifteen free aminoacids were detected in extracts with distilled water, methanol and ethanol extractant, respectively, and it's contents were order of glutamic acid>proline>aminobutyric acid>alanine. The extraction rate of soluble solid from Rumex crispus was order of distilled water>methanol>ethanol within experimental extraction ratio. In extraction with distilled water, the contents of soluble solid was inversely proportional to the pH of extractant.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.220-226
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to analyze proximate comosition, mineral contents and fatty acid composition of pure jemsosojoo(PJ) and jemsosojoo added medicinal herb(JMH). Mositure, ash, crude protein and crude fat of pure jemsosojoo were higher than those of the JMH, but carbohydrate content was higher in the JMH. Among minerals, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn content of the JMH were higher than those of the PJ, while P and Na were higher in the PJ and those difference were significant between the PJ and the JMH(p<0.05). U/S (unsaturaed fatty acid/saturated fatty acid) ratio was higher in the JMH than those of the PJ, the ratio o fglycolipid was 1.75 in the PJ and that of neutral lipid was 3.07 in the JMH. Octadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecenoic acid and hexadecenoic acid were major fatty acids in the total lipids, neutral lipids glycolipids and phospolipids of the PJ and the JMH. Especially, octadecadienoic acid and octadecatrienoic acid were higher in the JMH than those of the PJ.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.546-551
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of the dietary inclusion of Porphyra and sea tangle Laminaria japonica on the growth, feed utilization, body composition, and plasma chemistry of juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Eight hundred and forty juvenile fish averaging 5.0 g were allocated 40 fish per tank to 21 180-L flow-through tanks. Seven experimental diets were prepared: control (Con) without additive, 0.5 and 1% Porphyra extract (PE), 3% Porphyra powder (PP), 0.5 and 1% sea tangle extract (STE) and 3% sea tangle powder (STP), referred to as PE-0.5, PE-1, PP-3, STE-0.5, STE-1, and STP-3, respectively. Each additive was included in the experimental diet at the expense of the same amount of wheat flour. Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish. The experimental diets had no effect on the survival, weight gain or specific growth rate of the fish, feed consumption, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein retention, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, moisture or crude protein content of the entire body excluding the liver or moisture, crude protein or crude lipid content of the liver. None of the plasma parameters were affected by the experimental diets. Based on these results, the dietary inclusion of Porphyra and sea tangle did not affect the growth, feed utilization, body composition or plasma chemistry of juvenile Korean rockfish.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2011

The effect of replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets with sand smelt meal (SSM) on fatty acid composition of carp fry, Cyprinus carpio, was examined. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic (38% crude protein, $15.75\;kJ\;g^{-1}$) diets replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% FM protein by SSM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in aquaria, and each aquarium was stocked with 20 fish (initial average weight of $0.300{\pm}0.65\;g\;fish^{-1}$). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 13 weeks. Results indicated that final weight, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio of fish fed with different SSM replacement diets did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from fish fed the control diet, except for 100% SSM level. No significant differences were noted among experimental treatments on dry matter, protein, lipid and ash contents of the fish body composition (p>0.05). Fatty acid analysis showed that saturated fatty acids in fish muscle significantly decreased, but monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) did not change with increasing dietary SSM. However, some changes also could be observed for some particular fatty acids in experimental fish. For example, the amounts of 15:0, 17:0, 18:1n-7, 18:2n-6 and 22:5n-3 significantly increased, but 16:0, 18:1n-9, 18:3n-3 and 20:1 n-9 significantly decreased with increasing dietary SSM. Total n-6 PUFA increased with increasing dietary SSM, but total n-3 PUFA were not changed in muscle of fish fed the experimental diets. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 was not affected significantly in muscle of fish fed the experimental diets containing different proportions of SSM, including the control diet.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1996

Correlations of adolescents' blood pressure with dietary factors and blood or urinary electrolytes were investigated in this study. Through the screening for blood pressures of 960 middle school students aged 13-16 years, 30 students with the mean value of SBP and DBP above 96th percentile(high blood pressure group) and the other 30 with the mean blood pressure between 48th and 52th percentiles(normal blood pressure group) were selected as the subjects. SBP/DBP of the high and talc normal blood pressure groups were $141.8{\pm}9.0$ / $83.6{\pm}5.1$ mmHg and $116.4{\pm}3.5$ / $69.8{\pm}3.7 mmHg$, respectively. The average values of age, weight, height, BMI, degree of relative crude physical activity, and family income were not different between two groups. Among nutrients for which intakes were determined by 24 hour-recall and expressed as percent RDA, intakes of total and animal calcium were lower in the high blood pressure group compared to the normal, and were negatively correlated with both SBP and DBP even when the effects of related general and other dietary factors were excluded. Whereas energy, total, animal and vegetable protein, total and animal lipid, and riboflavin were higher in intake in the high blood pressure group than in fille normal, and they were in positive correlations with SBP and/or DBP. Vitamin A and ascorbic acid intakes were also negatively correlated with DBP, though ascorbic acid intake was not different between two groups. High blood pressure group preferred higher concentration of thin rice gruel than normal group and talc preferred salt concentrations was ill positive correlation with SBP. Serum and urinary levels of Ca, Mg, Ca/Mg ratio, Na, K and Na/K ratio did not show any differences between two groups. However serum Ca/Mg retio was in negative and se겨m Mg was ill positive correlations with SBP, and urinary Na excretion was negatively correlated with SBP. Calcium intake showed negative correlation with serum Ha and Na/K ratio. Our data indicated that dietary intake of Ca, energy, protein, lipid, vitamin A and C as well as salt preference were associated with blood pressure in adolescents. It might be assumed that Ca lowered blood pressure by increasing serum Ca/Mg ratio and decreasing serum Ca/K ratio though urinary excretion of Na.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2002

동의보감에서 소갈증에 응용되는 옥천산 분말이 당뇨 암쥐의 혈당, 혈청과 간의 지질 및 단백질 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 평균체중 313.6$\pm$18.5 g되는 Spraque-Dawley계 암쥐를 정상군, 당뇨 대조군 및 당뇨 옥천산군 등 3군으로 나누어 각 실험식 이로 5주간 사육한 결과는 다음과 같다. 5주간 체중변화는 정상군은 3.5 g 증가하였으나, 당뇨 대조군과 당뇨 옥천산군은 당뇨로 인한 대사장애로 각각 97.8 g과 99.1 g씩 체중이 감소되었다. 췌장의 무게는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 대조군은 유의하게 증가되었으나 당뇨 옥천산 군은 정상군과 비슷하였다. 비장의 무게는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 대조군과 당뇨 옥천산군이 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈청의 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테를 및 간의 콜레스테를 농도는 당뇨 옥천산군이 당뇨 대조군보다 유의하게 감소되어 정상군과 비슷한 수준을 보였다. HDL-콜레스테를 농도와 HDL-콜레스테롤/총 콜레스테롤의 비율은 정상군과 당뇨 실험군들이 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 동맥경화지수 및 혈당량은 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 실험군들이 증가하였다. 간의 총 지질 및 중성지질 농도는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 대조군과 당뇨 옥천산군이 유의하게 감소되었다. 혈청의 단백질과 알부민 농도는 정상군에 비하여 당뇨 대조군과 당뇨 옥천산군이 유의하게 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 당뇨 쥐에 옥천산 분말이 혈당 및 동맥경화지수를 낮추는 효과는 없었으나, 혈청의 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테를 및 간의 콜레스테를 농도를 낮추는 효과가 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.512-517
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• 2004

운지버섯의 균사체 배양액이 성장기 흰쥐의 영양생리에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 생후 7주령의 숫쥐를 대상으로 음료수에 10%, 20% 및 30%수준으로 운지버섯 균사체 배양액을 혼합하여 5주간 급여하고 성장률, 식이 섭취 량, 식이효율, 장기의 무게, 간과 혈청의 지질 농도, 혈청의 단백질 농도 및 효소 활성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 간다. 체중증가량, 식이섭취량, 식이효율 및 장기의 무게는 대조군과 운지버섯 음료군들이 비슷한 경향이었다. 간과 혈청의 중성지질과 콜레스테롤 농도 및 혈청의 HDL-콜레스테를 농도는 대조군과 운지버섯 음료군들이 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 혈청의 동맥경화지수는 대조군에 비해 30% 운지버섯 음료군이 유의하게 감소되었다. 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비율은 대조군에 비해 30% 운지버섯 음료군이 유의하게 증가되었다. 혈청의 총 단백질, 알부민, 혈당, 혈색소, 칼슘, 무기인 및 마그네슘 등의 농도는 각 수준별 운지버섯 음료군이 대조군과 비슷한 농도로 운지 버섯 음료 섭취에 따른 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 혈청의 GPT, GOT 및 ALP 등의 활성도 운지 버섯 음료 섭취에 따른 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 대조식이와 10%, 20% 및 30% 수준의 운지 버섯 음료 섭취에 의한 성장률, 간과 혈청의 콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 농도, 단백질 농도 및 효소 활성에는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 30% 운지 버섯 섭취시 혈청의 동맥 경화지수를 낮추는 효과가 있고, 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비율을 높여주는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.