• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.13
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• 2021

Background: Attenuated Salmonella strain can be used as a vector to transport immunogens to the host antigen-binding sites. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the protective efficacy of attenuated Salmonella strain expressing highly conserved Brucella immunogens in goats. Methods: Goats were vaccinated with Salmonella vector expressing individually lipoprotein outer-membrane protein 19 (Omp19), Brucella lumazine synthase (BLS), proline racemase subunit A (PrpA), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 5 × 10⁹ CFU/mL and challenge of all groups was done at 6 weeks after vaccination. Results: Among these vaccines inoculated at 5 × 10⁹ CFU/mL in 1 mL, Omp19 or SOD showed significantly higher serum immunoglobulin G titers at (2, 4, and 6) weeks post-vaccination, compared to the vector control. Interferon-γ production in response to individual antigens was significantly higher in SOD, Omp19, PrpA, and BLS individual groups, compared to that in the vector control (all p < 0.05). Brucella colonization rate at 8 weeks post-challenge showed that most vaccine-treated groups exhibited significantly increased protection by demonstrating reduced numbers of Brucella in tissues collected from vaccinated groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that Brucella antigen expression levels were reduced in the spleen, kidney, and parotid lymph node of vaccinated goats, compared to the non-vaccinated goats. Besides, treatment with vaccine expressing individual antigens ameliorated brucellosis-related histopathological lesions. Conclusions: These results delineated that BLS, Omp19, PrpA, and SOD proteins achieved a definite level of protection, indicating that Salmonella Typhimurium successfully delivered Brucella antigens, and that individual vaccines could differentially elicit an antigen-specific immune response.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.1826-1833
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• 2020

Administration of stable iodine has been considered a best measure to protect the thyroid from internal irradiation by radioiodine intake, and its efficacy on thyroid protection has been quantitatively evaluated in several simulation studies on the basis of simple iodine biokinetic models (i.e., three-compartment model). However, the new iodine biokinetic model adopted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection interprets and expresses the thyroid blocking phenomenon differently. Therefore, in this study, the new model was analyzed in terms of thyroid blocking and implemented to reassess the protective effects and to produce dosimetric data. The biokinetic model calculation was performed using computation modules developed by authors, and the results were compared with those of experimental data and prior simulation studies. The new model predicted protective effects that were generally consistent with those of experimental data, except for those in the range of stable iodine administration -72 h before radioiodine exposure. Additionally, the dosimetric data calculated in this study demonstrates a critical limitation of the three-compartment model in predicting bioassay functions, and indicated that dose assessment 1 d after exposure would result in a similar dose estimate irrespective of the administration time of stable iodine.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2017

Sulfites are used as food preservatives and excessive sulfite might disturb the body systems including the brain. Curcumin shows protective effects on the nervous system toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective role of curcumin in sulfite-induced anxiety in rats. Male rats were divided into five groups. The rats in groups I to V received distilled water (vehicle of sulfite, 1 mL/d), olive oil (vehicle of curcumin, 1 mL/d), curcumin (100 mg/kg/d), sulfite (25 mg/kg/d), and sulfite+curcumin, respectively, by daily gastric gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks the rats were tested in the elevated plus-maze for anxiety. The results showed that concomitant treatment of curcumin during sulfite consumption prevented the reduction of the time spent in the open arm and entrance to the open arm (the indexes of anxiety). Besides, an increase was found in motor activity of the rats in the sulfite+curcumin group compared to the sulfite-treated animals. Exposure of sulfite in rats can induce anxiety, and curcumin can act as an anti-anxiety agent.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2007

Chronic oxidative stress produced by exposure to environmental chemicals or pathophysiological states can lead animals to aging, carcinogenesis and degenerative diseases. Indirect antioxidative mechanisms, in which natural or synthetic agents are used to coordinately induce the expression of cellular antioxidant capacity, have been shown to protect cells and organisms from oxidative damages. Electrophile and free radical detoxifying enzymes, which were originally identified as the products of genes induced by cancer chemopreventive agents, are members of this protective system. The NFE2 family transcription factor Nrf2 was found to govern expression of these detoxifying enzymes, and screening for Nrf2-regulated genes has identified many gene categories involved in maintaining cellular redox potential and protection from oxidative damage as Nrf2 downstream genes. Further, studies using Nrf2-deficient mice revealed that these mutant mice showed more susceptible phenotypes towards exposure to environmental chemicals/carcinogens and in oxidative stress related disease models. With the finding that cancer chemopreventive efficacy of indirect antioxidants (enzyme inducers) is lost in the absence of Nrf2, a central role of Nrf2 in the antioxidative protective system has been firmly established. Promising results from cancer prevention clinical trials using enzyme inducers propose that pharmacological interventions that modulate Nrf2 can be an effective strategy to protect tissues from oxidative damage.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.906-922
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• 2020

Efficacy of Flos Sophorae as UV protective dye was examined in comparison to standard dyes of quercetin and rutin. Cotton was dyed using Flos Sophorae extract, quercetin, and rutin with 2 different concentrations for each dye. Each type of dyeing applied a temperature of 70℃ or 90℃ and a time of 30 min or 60 min. Color values of dyed samples were examined using a spectrocolorimeter. HPLC-DAD analysis indicated the amount of quercetin and rutin contained in Flos Sophorae used in the study. UPF values of dyed samples were measured using an ultraviolet transmittance analyzer. Experimental results indicated that dyeing cotton with Flos Sophorae extract, quercetin, or rutin increased the UPF value and decreased the UVA and UVB transmittance (%) regardless of dyeing conditions. A higher rank of UPF values were shown in cotton dyed using the Flos Sophorae extract that implied the possible concerted effect of quercetin, rutin, and flavonoid compounds contained in Flos Sophorae. The results indicated that Flos Sophorae is an effective natural dye that can improve the UV protective function of summer cotton fabric.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2022

Schwann cells play a critical role for myelination in peripheral nerve system. It also plays an important role in nerve protection and regeneration. In peripheral nerve damage, regeneration is induced by the migration and proliferation of Schwann cells which were promoted by suppressing the oxidative stress. In this study, Human placental extract was prepared by homogenization and estimated its efficacy in RSC96 cells. Placental extract exhibited a protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in RSC96 cells, confirmed by MTT assay. Furthermore, placental extract decreased intracellular ROS against oxidative stress, confirmed by DCFH-DA assay. Autophagy was visualized with Cyto-ID staining to confirm the autophagy activity of placental extracts. The activity of autophagy was confirmed by immunoblot analysis of autophagy flux-associated proteins such as LC3 conversion and SQSTM1 degradation. Thus, we confirmed the antioxidant effect of placental extract to protect RSC96 cells from oxidative stress, and observed that it activated autophagy and restored autophagy flux.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2018

고염식식습관은 다양한 질병을 일으키고 공중보건을 위협할 수 있다. 그 동안 고염식식습관을 통제하기 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어져 왔으나 건강커뮤니케이션을 통해 고염식식습관을 변화시킬 수 있는지에 대한 연구는 아직 이루어지지 못하였다. 본 연구는 고염식의위험성과 식습관의 통제가능성에 대한 인식이 고염식식습관을 얼마나 예측하는지를 검토함으로써 식습관 개선 교육을 위한 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 보호동기 이론의 하위요인인심각성, 취약성, 효율성, 효능 및 행동 경향을 측정하기 위한 설문지를 개발하였으며 설문지를 충남소재 대학의 대학생들과 그들의 가족을 대상으로 배포하였다. 설문결과를 SPSS프로그램으로 분석한 결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청년층은 장년층보다 나트륨섭취가 더 많았다. 둘째, 상관관계분석에서 장년층은 고염식으로 인한 위험에 취약하다는 것을 알고 있지만 고염식을 억제할 수 있다고 확신할 때 까지는 식습관을 바꾸지 않는다. 셋째, 구조모델분석에 따르면 대처지각이 높을수록 고염식식습관의 경향성이 낮아지는 경향을 보인다. 이 결과는 고염식식습관을 줄이기 위해서는 실행 가능한 정보를 제공하고 저염식을 하였을 때 어떤 변화가 발생하는지를 인식 시킴으로써 대처지각을 높이는 방안이 더 효과적임을 시사한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2020

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), known as an endocrine disruptor, is widely used in the world. BPA is reported to cause inflammation-related diseases. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used safely in human for a long time for the treatment of diverse diseases. KRG has been reported of its mitigating effect on menopausal symptoms and suppress adipose inflammation. Here, we investigate the protective effect of orally administered KRG on the impacts of BPA in the liver and uterus of menopausal mice model. Methods: The transcriptome analysis for the effects of BPA on mice liver was evaluated by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database-based data (GSE26728). In vivo assay to evaluate the protective effect of KRG on BPA impact in ovariectomized (OVX) mice were designed and analyzed by RNA sequencing. Results: We first demonstrated that BPA induced 12 kinds of gene set in the liver of normal mice. The administration of BPA and KRG did not change body, liver, and uterine weight in OVX mice. KRG downregulated BPA-induced inflammatory response and chemotaxis-related gene expression. Several gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)-derived inflammatory response genes increased by BPA were inhibited by KRG in OVX mice. Conclusion: Our data suggest that BPA has commonly influenced inflammatory response effects on both normal and OVX mice. KRG protects against BPA impact of inflammatory response and chemotaxis in OVX mouse models. Our comparative analysis will provide new insight into the efficacy of KRG on endocrine disrupting chemicals and OVX mouse.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.217-231
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saengmaekcheongpye-eum (SCE) on a LPS-induced COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) model. Materials and Methods : The extract of SCE was treated to A549 cells and and LPS-induced COPD mouse model. Then, various parameters such as cell-based cyto-protective activity and histopathological finding were analyzed. Results : SCE showed a protective effect on LPS-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells. This effect was correlated with analysis for caspase 3 levels, elastin contents, protein levels of cyclin B1, Cdc2, and phospho-Erk1/2, and gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in A549 cells. SCE treatment also revealed a protective effect on LPS-induced lung injury in COPD mouse model. This effect was evidenced via histopathological findings including immunofluorescence stains against elastin and caspase 3, and protein levels of cyclin B1, Cdc2, and Erk1/2 in lung tissue. Conclusions : These data suggest that SCE has pharmaceutical properties on lung injury. This study thus provides scientific evidence for the efficacy of SCE for clinical application to patients with COPD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1580-1587
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• 2012

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope (E) protein holds great promise for use in the development of a recombinant vaccine. Purified recombinant E (rE) protein may be useful for numerous clinical applications; however, there are limitations in using the Escherichia coli expression system for producing high-quality rE protein. Therefore, in this study, the yeast expression system was used to generate the rE protein. For protein production using the yeast system, the full-length JEV E gene was cloned into Pichia pastoris. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that the rE protein had a molecular mass of 58 kDa and was glycosylated. The predicted size of the mature unmodified E protein is 53 kDa, suggesting that post-translational modifications resulted in the higher molecular mass. The rE protein was purified to greater than 95% purity using combined ammonium sulfate precipitation and a SP-Sepharose Fast Flow column. This purified rE protein was evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice. The survival rates of mice immunized with the rE protein were significantly increased over that of Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus E protein (HcE). Our results indicate that the rE protein expressed in the P. pastoris expression system holds great promise for use in the development of a subunit vaccine against JEV.