• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2012

The selection factors of the protective clothing against the NBC agents are the protection(chemical, biological, TIMs), duration, weight/comfort, dexterity/mobility, size, visibility, cleaning and unit cost, etc. To develop the NBC protective clothing, we should need to review about the design concepts of the protective materials(shell and liner fabric) and form. This paper identify an important factors for the protective materials and form, and presents design strategies for important factors based on the evaluation results of the materials and the form.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.655-659
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• 2014

Food-grade protective agents, namely, skim milk, yeast extract, soy powder, and trehalose, were studied for their ability to improve the viability of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Weissella cibaria SW1-1, Lactobacillus plantarum A-1, Lactobacillus sakei 2-12 24, and Leuconostoc citreum 3526. The best results were obtained with 10% soy powder; approximately 90% cell viability was observed during the freeze-drying process. Increase in the concentration of soy powder did not cause a proportional increase in the survival rate of LAB. Further, no significant difference was observed when two agents were combined in a 1:1 ratio (p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.209-211
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• 2000

This paper presents a Multi-Agent system for setting and coordination of overcurrent protective devices in the distribution system. The simulation model shows its feasibility in which KQML is used for communication among agents. The proposed system could make it possible to keep the protection system in the optimal state all the time.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.95-100
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• 2011

Protective coatings play an important role in the protection of metallic structures against corrosive environment. The main function of anticorrosive coating is to prevent the materials from corrosive agents, such as water, oxygen and ions. In the study, the corrosion protection properties of urethane and epoxy coating systems were evaluated using EIS methods exposed to the corrosion acceleration test such as Norsok M501, Prohesion and hygrothermal cyclic test. AFM analysis of the coating systems was carried out to monitor the change of roughness of coatings. Urethane coating system was more stable than the epoxy coating under given cyclic conditions. Water uptake into the urethane coatings was less than that into the epoxy coating. The urethane coating system showed better corrosion protection than epoxy coating system based on the changes of the impedance modulus at low frequency region with exposure time. Consequently, the corrosion protection properties of the epoxy and urethane coatings was well correspond with their surface roughness changes and water uptakes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.66-67
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• 2003

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

Because information on biological agents in the workplace is lacking, biological hazard analyses at the workplace to securely recognize the harmful factors with biological basis are desperately needed. This review concentrates on literatures published after 2010 that attempted to detect biological hazards to humans, especially workers, and the efforts to protect them against these factors. It is important to improve the current understanding of the health hazards caused by biological factors at the workplace. In addition, this review briefly describes these factors and provides some examples of their adverse health effects. It also reviews risk assessments, protection with personal protective equipment, prevention with training of workers, regulations, as well as vaccinations.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2007

Chronic oxidative stress produced by exposure to environmental chemicals or pathophysiological states can lead animals to aging, carcinogenesis and degenerative diseases. Indirect antioxidative mechanisms, in which natural or synthetic agents are used to coordinately induce the expression of cellular antioxidant capacity, have been shown to protect cells and organisms from oxidative damages. Electrophile and free radical detoxifying enzymes, which were originally identified as the products of genes induced by cancer chemopreventive agents, are members of this protective system. The NFE2 family transcription factor Nrf2 was found to govern expression of these detoxifying enzymes, and screening for Nrf2-regulated genes has identified many gene categories involved in maintaining cellular redox potential and protection from oxidative damage as Nrf2 downstream genes. Further, studies using Nrf2-deficient mice revealed that these mutant mice showed more susceptible phenotypes towards exposure to environmental chemicals/carcinogens and in oxidative stress related disease models. With the finding that cancer chemopreventive efficacy of indirect antioxidants (enzyme inducers) is lost in the absence of Nrf2, a central role of Nrf2 in the antioxidative protective system has been firmly established. Promising results from cancer prevention clinical trials using enzyme inducers propose that pharmacological interventions that modulate Nrf2 can be an effective strategy to protect tissues from oxidative damage.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2015

In order to develop an eco-friendly biofertilizer, a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Bacillus sp., SH1RP8 was investigated. SH1RP8 was lyophilized via freeze-drying along with other protective agents that protect cells from lysis. The freezedried powder of Bacillus sp. SH1RP8, containing 5% skim milk (w/v), exhibited the highest survival rate of 30.6% among all the protective agents (skim milk, glucose, and peptone). The lyoprotective effect of the skim milk, mixture including 5% skim milk, and substrates on the survival of the test strain was examined. Control group was added only skim milk and test groups were added skim milk and other substrates. As a result, the group supplemented with both glycerol and 5% skim milk showed the protective effect much higher by 214.29% than the control group. Freeze-dried Bacillus sp. SH1RP8 could be a good candidate as a potential biofertilizer due to its effective PGPR activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.28-49
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• 2020

The efficacy and side effects associated with anticancer drugs have attracted an extensive research focus. Onconephrology is an evolving field of nephrology that deals with the study of kidney diseases in cancer patients. Most renal diseases in cancer patients are unique, and management of renal disease can be challenging especially in the presence of continuing use of the nephrotoxic drugs. Cisplatin is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of various malignancies, such as head, neck, ovarian, and cervical cancers. The major limitation in the clinical use of cisplatin is its tendency to induce adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity. Recently, plant-derived phytochemicals have emerged as novel agents providing protection against cisplatin-induced renal cytotoxicity. Owing to the diversity of phytochemicals, they cover a wide spectrum of therapeutic indications in cancer and inflammation and have been a productive source of lead compounds for the development of novel medications. Of these agents, the effectiveness of triterpenoids, isolated from various medicinal plants, against cisplatin-induced renal cytotoxicity has been reported most frequently compared to other phytochemicals. Triterpenes are one of the most numerous and diverse groups of plant natural products. Triterpenes ameliorate cisplatin-induced renal damage through multiple pathways by inhibiting reactive oxygen species, inflammation, down-regulation of the MAPK, apoptosis, and NF-κB signaling pathways and upregulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense mechanisms. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the natural compounds with protective potential in cisplatin-induced renal cytotoxicity, provided an overview of the protective effects and mechanisms that have been identified to date, and discussed strategies to reduce renal cytotoxicity induced by anticancer drugs.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2010

Background: Clostridium difficile is the primary reason of the nosocomial diarrhea. The antimicrobial therapy plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD). Although nearly all classes of antimicrobial agents have been associated with CDAD, clindamycin and the third-generation cephalosporins have traditionally been considered to the greatest risk factor. Recent studies have also implicated fluoroquinolones as high-risk agents due to increasing use of the agents. This study was to determine the incidence and the risk factors of CDAD related to the administered antibiotics and to assess the therapeutic regimen of metronidazole or vancomycin based on the C. difficile toxin assay Methods: A retrospective study was performed in patients with Clostridium difficile toxin assay at I Hospital (Incheon, South Korea) during the period from January 2007 through December 2007. Administrative, laboratory, and pharmacy data were collected from Electronic Medical Databases. Results: The analysis included 129 reported C.difficile toxin assay results, with 42 positive cases and 87 negative cases. Significant antibiotic risk factors for CDAD included the use of the fourth-generation cephalosporinse (OR=5.97, 95% CI 1.37-25.98, P=0.017). Administration of metronidazole was protective against CDAD (OR=0.30, 95% CI 0.12-0.74, P=0.009). Prolonged antimicrobial therapy has been associated with an increased risk of CDAD. The third-generation cephalosporins (OR=3.81, 95% CI 1.08-13.41, P=0.037) and aminoglycoside (OR=5.50, 95% CI 1.43-21.10, P=0.013) demonstrated greater risk for CDAD over 15 days than 8days or less days of treatment duration. Conclusions: The fourth and third generation cephalosporin, aminglycoside were the significant risk factors compared with other antibiotics, whereas metronidazole appears to be protective. The longer duration of antiobiotic use increased CDAD.