• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.599-620
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• 2005

There can be two different approaches to introducing Abstract Algebra to undergraduate students: One is to introduce group concept prior to ring concept, and the other is to do the other way around. Although the former is almost conventional, it is worth while to take the latter into consideration in the viewpoint that students are already familiar to rings of integers and polynomials. In this paper, we investigated 16 most commonly used Abstract Algebra undergraduate textbooks and found that 5 of them introduce ring theory prior to group theory while the rest do the other way around. In addition, we interviewed several undergraduate students who already have taken an Abstract Algebra course to look into which approach they prefer. Then we compare pros and cons of two approaches on the basis of the results of the interview and the historico-genetic principle of teaching and learning in Abstract Algebra and suggest that it certainly be one of alternatives to introduce ring theory before group theory in its standpoint.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to stage of exercise behavior based on the Transtheoretical model in patients with chronic arthritis. Method: The participants were 151 patients with chronic arthritis using an out-patient pain clinic and hospital in C city. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA, Sheffe test and discriminant analysis with SPSS/WIN. Results: The patients were distributed as follows for each stage of exercise behavior 21.8% in the precontemplation stage, 26.5% in the contemplation stage, 25.2% in the preparation stage, 7.3% in the action stage, and 19.2% in the maintenance stage. Significant effects for stage of change were found for nine of the 10 processes of change and Pros, Cons, self-efficacy. Scores on these variables were found to increase across the stage of exercise behaviors from precontemplation to maintenance. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-efficacy and stimulus control, and reinforcement management were the major correlates of the stage of exercise behaviors. Conclusion: The findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention, by using strategies of exercise for chronic arthritis patients in different stages of exercise behavior.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2007

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the '5&6 smoking cessation program - six classes in five weeks' on the high school students' perception and smoking behavior. Methods: The data collection was done from November to December, 2006. This study was designed using nonequivalent control group pretest - posttest. Experimental group had 24 students, control group had 41 students. The '5&6 smoking cessation program' was applied to the experimental group for two hours per session during five weeks. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, X2-test, Fisher's exact test, Independent-samples t-test, Paired t-test, Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Results: The experimental group showed significant increase on smoking self-efficacy, stage of smoking cessation behavior change and significant decrease on daily smoking amount, dependancy of nicotine, urine cotinine level than control group. But the experimental group was not significantly changed at self-awareness, Pros. for smoking and Cons. for smoking. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the 5&6 smoking cessation program, which focuses on self-awareness, is effective in adolescent's smoking cessation behaviors.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.773-778
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate three verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) detection kits to detect the presence of VT genes: Doupath Verocytotoxin (GLISA) developed by MERCK, ProsPect Shiga Toxin E. coil (STEC) Microplate Assay (ELISA) developed by Remel, and a polymerase chain reaction method. Our laboratory verified artificially inoculated samples. All three methods could detect very low numbers of VTEC, but VT-PCR had the best sensitivity for VTEC detection. From April through September 2005, 257 ground-beefs from supermakets and traditional markets were examined for the presence of VTEC by polymerase chain reaction immediately after purchase and total viable counts (TVC) were determined. VTEC was isolated from 30 of 257 ground-beefs. A variety of serogroups was found, including 10 stains belonging to the virulence type EHEC, but major serogroups such as O157, O26 and O111 were nor found.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(환경)
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• pp.450-468
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• 1994

Scientists have long used conventional toxicological methods to establish 'safe levels of exposure' for chemicals presumed to have threshold health effects or doses below which significant effects are unlikely to occur. These same methods cannot be used to establish safe levels of exposure for non-threshold pollutants. such as carcinogens. Therefore. Federal regulatory agencies in the United States are using risk assessment methods to provide information for public health policy decisions concerning increases in risk associated with increases in exposure to carcinogenic and other non-threshold pollutants. Acceptable exposure/risk levels are decided by policymakers who consider descriptions and estimates of risks together with social and economic benefits from the uses of the chemical. 1bis paper focuses on the development of quantitative risk assessment approaches by Federal regulatory agencies in the United States, and identifies the mathematical models currently being used for risk extrapolation. including their inherent uncertainties. The uncertainties and limitations of these methods have led some scientists to question the utility of quantitative risk extrapolation. The experience of the; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). as summarized in this paper. can provide a realistic basis for evaluating the pros and cons. Finally. shortcomings in current risk assessment methods and their use in policy decisions are explored. and areas for possible improvement. given current scientific knowledge. are identified.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권8호
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• pp.623-628
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• 2000

Video-on-demand system in which users can request any video through the network at any time is made possible by rapid increase in network bandwidth and capacity of the media server. However true video-on-demand system cannot support all requests since bandwidth requirement is still too demanding. Therefore efficient bandwidth reduction algorithm is necessary. both the piggybacking method and the batching method are novel solutions that can provide more logical number of streams than the physical system can support. Of course each of them has its pros and cons. hence piggybacking with batching-by-size can take advantage of both the schemes. Some parameters such as the size of batch and the size of the catch-up window should be adjusted and order to maximize the bandwidth reduction for piggybacking with batching-by-size method. One of the most important parameters is decided optimally in this paper. Simulation shows that the optimized parameter can achieve considerable reductionand consequently remarkable enhancement in performance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Educational interventions targeted food selection perception, knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Education regarding irradiated food was intended to change food selection behavior specific to it. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There were 43 elementary students (35.0%), 45 middle school students (36.6%), and 35 high school students (28.5%). The first step was research design. Educational targets were selected and informed consent was obtained in step two. An initial survey was conducted as step three. Step four was a 45 minute-long theoretical educational intervention. Step five concluded with a survey and experiment on food selection behavior. RESULTS: As a result of conducting a 45 minute-long education on the principles, actual state of usage, and pros and cons of irradiated food for elementary, middle, and high-school students in Korea, perception, knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding the irradiated food was significantly higher after the education than before the education (P < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The behavior of irradiated food selection shows high correlation with all variables of perception, knowledge, and attitude, and it is necessary to provide information of each level of change in perception, knowledge, and attitude in order to derive proper behavior change, which is the ultimate goal of the education.

• 한국정보보호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보보호학회 2006년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.365-369
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• 2006

Multiple Message Authentication Codes can be represented by one of the Short MAC, Bloom Filter or Compressed Bloom Filler to reduce communication overheads. However, this will inevitably increase false positive rate (fpr) which is a false authentication probability of adversarial messages in trade-off of communication efficiency. While the simple short MAC scheme has the lowest fpr, one cannot choose arbitrary authenticator size. Bloom filter, randomized data structure often used for membership queries, can represent multiple MACs more flexibly with slightly higher fpr. Furthermore, compressed Bloom filter has the same fpr with the short MAC while maintaining its flexibility. Through our detailed analysis, we show that pros and cons of the three schemes are scenario specific. Therefore one can choose appropriate scheme under given parameters to achieve both communication efficiency and security based on our results.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2008

Although various criteria on the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy are applied from trial to trial, being tailored in concert with its purpose, the utmost evidences of the diagnosis are subjective symptoms and objective signs of neurologic deficit. The application and interpretation of auxiliary electrophysiological test including nerve conduction study (NCS) should be made on the context of clinical pictures. The evaluation of the functions of small, thinly myelinated or unmyelinated nerve fibers has been increasingly stressed recently with the advent of newer techniques, e.g., measurement of intraepidermal fiber density, quantitative sensory testing, and autonomic function test. And the studies with those techniques have shed light to the nature of the evolution of diabetic neuropathy. The practical application of these techniques to the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy in the individual patients, however, should be made cautiously due to several shortcomings: limited accessibility, wide overlapping zone between norm and abnormality with resultant unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity, difficulty in performing subsequent tests, unproven quantitative correlation with clinical deficit, and invasiveness of some technique. NCS, as an extension of clinical examination, is still the most reliable electrophysiological test in evaluating neuropathy and gives the invaluable information about the nature of neuropathy, whereas the newer techniques need more refinement of the procedure and interpretation, and the accumulation of large scaled data of application to be considered as established diagnostic tools of peripheral neuropathy.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the recognition of the single tied system in dental hygiene education. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 302 dental hygienists in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province from May 1 to 30, 2013. The questionnaire included general characteristics, recognition of single tied education system, and duration of the bachelor course. The data were analyzed using SPSS(PASW statistics) 18.0 program for frequency analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. Results : The majority of the respondents agreed the necessity of the single tied system of curricula. The expectation of acquisition of bachelor and continuous education showed 3.23 points of 5 points. Pros and cons for the single tied curriculum system accounted for 50 percents respectively. The majority of the respondents(74.3%) agreed that there was no difference between the 3 year curricula and 4 year curricula. Conclusions : It is necessary to unite the opinion debate for the single tied curriculum system in the dental hygiene department through analysis and review for the curricula.