• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.14 no.1_2
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 1978

Ban formulated the concept of 'sympathetic center' and 'parasympathetic center' in the central nervous system, and Folkow et al. reported that the electric stimulation of the posterior part of hypothalamus induced the marked liberation of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla. Tatum reported that the hyperglycemic action of picrotoxin is contributed to the cathecholamines liberation from adrenal medulla by the excitation of hypothalamus via splanchnic nervous plexus. In this paper, the relationship between the convulsive action and the hyperglycemic effect of picrotoxin was investigated, with references to the influences of several drugs related with adrenergic function and two intravenous anesthetics on the picrotoxin hyperglycemia. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) There was no difference between the convulsive dose(1. 5mg/kg) and the subconvulsive dose (0.75mg/kg) of picrotoxin in its hyperglycemic effect that was not affected with the phenobarbital pretreatment, but the efficacy of its hyperglycemic action was more prominent than that of strychnine. 2) The hyperglycemic effect of picrotoxin was markedly suppressed by the pretreatment of thiopental or ketamine. 3) The hyperglycemic effect was not affected by the reserpine pretreatment, but the effect was markedly suppressed by the pretreatment of iproniazid or chlorpromazine. 4) The hyperglycemic effect of picrotoxin was significantly suppressed by the pretreatment of hexamethonium, propranolol or guanethidine, and the order of those suppressing efficacy was propranolol> hexamethonium> guanethidine.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.376-393
• /
• 1987

This study was performed in order to investigate the effect of nifedipine, a vasodilating drug which acts through calcium antagonism, on renal function using mongrel dog. Nifedipine, when given interavenously in doses ranging from 1.5 to 5.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, elicited diuresis along with less changes of glomerular filtration rate and significant increases of renal plasma flow, so that the filtration fraction(FF) decreased significantly, at the same time both osmolar and free water clearances increased, and amount of sodium, potassium and calcium excreted in urine increased significantly. Nifedipine, when infused into a renal artery in doses from 0.05 to 0.15$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/min, exhibited identical responses to the actions of intraveneous nifedipine except significant increase of glomerular filtration rate and no change of FF, which was confined only to the infused kidney. The renal action of nifedipine into a renal artery were not influenced by renal denervation, decreased significantly by ouabain, Na$^+$-K$^+$-ATPase inhibitor, which was given into a renal artery. Nifedipine infused into a renal artery in dog pretreated with propranolol i.v. produced diuresis associated with the increase of electrolytes excretion by reduction of electrolyte reabsorption and with no changes of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Thus, it is concluded that nifedipine infused into a renal aretery produces diuretic action along with both improvement of hemodynamics and inhibition of electrolytes reabsorption, which may be related to sympathetic $\beta$-receptor or Na$^+$-K$^+$-ATPase activity because the action of nifedipine in kidney is blocked by propranolol or ouabain.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.268-278
• /
• 2011

Corrosion of aluminum in 0.1 M HCl solution in the absence and presence of ${\beta}$-blocker inhibitors (atenolol, propranolol, timolol and nadolol) was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The inhibition efficiency increased with inhibitor concentration and decreased with rise of temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that they acted as cathodic inhibitors. Some thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. All inhibitors were adsorbed on Al surface obeying Frumkin isotherm. All EIS tests exhibited one capacitive loop which indicates that the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. The inhibition efficiencies of all test methods were in good agreement.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 1973

It has been reported that vasopressin disperse the melanophore granule of frog skin. The author used hypophysectomized and adrenergic receptor blockaded animals in order to define the mechanism of vasopressin on the melanopore pigment of frog skin. The Rana niglomaculata which could be found in the Seoul area were used on this experiment. The amount of the following drugs were injected into the lymphatic sac of the frog; vaospressin $(0.05\;{\mu}g/g\;B.W.)$, dibenzylin $(0.05\;{\mu}g/g\;B.W.)$, and propranolol $(0.01\;{\mu}g/g\;B.W.)$. The following results were observed; 1. Vasopressin dispersed the melanin granules of melanocyte of frog skin. 2. The melanin granule dispersion activity of vasopressin was observed on the hypophysectomized frog. 3. The melanin granule dispersion was observed on the adrenergic receptor blockaded frog with dibenzylin or propranolol respectively, especially the later one was found to be more obvious. 4. The melanin granule dispersion was observed on the frog which was injected with vasopressin after alpha-receptor or beta-receptor blockade and the later one was found to be more obvious. 5. The melanin granule dispersion was more effective with the blockade of beta-receptor after the treatment with vasopressin on hypophysectomized frog.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1013-1018
• /
• 2003

Cheonghunhwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CTG was CHT adding Aurantii FructusㆍGastrodae Rhizoma. CTG was significantly increased regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF) in a dose-dependent, and CTG was decreased mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) compared with normal MABP(100%) in a low dosage, but was increased MABP in a dose-dependent, was aliked with normal MABP in a high-dosage. Therefore, purpose of this Study was to investigate experimental mechanism of CHTAG on the cerebral hemodynamics(rCBF, MABP) in rats. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows ; Pretreatment with indomethacin(3㎎/㎏, i.v.) was significantly inhibited CTG induced increase of rCBF and pretreated with propranolol(3㎎/㎏, i.v.) was inhibited CTG induced increase of rCBF, but pretreatment with methylene blue(10㎍/㎏, i.v) was increased CTG induced increase of rCBF. Pretreatment with indomethacin was decreased CTG induced increase of MABP, but pretreatment with propranolol and methylene blue were increased CTG induced increase of MABP. This results suggest that the mechanism of CTG is mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.34-38
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop a cocktail approach for the measurement of the permeability of marker compounds, caffeine and propranolol (high permeability), ofloxacin (intermediate), atenolol (low), and quinidine (P-glycoprotein substrate), simultaneously. Then we compared the permeability in Caco-2 cells with that in rat intestinal segments. The difference between individual measurement and cocktail approach was less than 20 %, and the permeabilities of these compounds were similar to those previously reported, suggesting that the cocktail transport study and simultaneous drug analysis were successfully developed and validated in this study. Additionally, in the application of this cocktail method, the permeability of five drugs in rat jejunum was similar to that in ileum but different from that in colon, which was measured using the Ussing chamber system. Moreover, permeability in jejunum and ileum was similar to that in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, the permeability in Caco-2 cells was equivalent to the permeability in rat jejunum and ileum determined with the Ussing system. Therefore, this newly developed cocktail assay and its application to the Ussing system can be a useful tool for robust and rapid screening for site-specific permeability in rat intestine, thus accelerating the prediction of absorption of new chemical entities.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.493-498
• /
• 2003

Paeoniae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Jakyakgamchotang have been used in Oriental Medicine for many centuries as a treatment for various disease. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Paeoniae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Jakyakgamchotang on narepinephrine(NE) induced contraction of isolated rabbit femoral artery. Rabbits (2.0kg, female) were killed by CO₂ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the aortic ring from each rabbit was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 1.5g loading tension. The dose of NE which evoked 50% of maximal response (ED/sub 50/) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for NE (10/sup -7/～10/sup -4/M). Contractions evoked by NE (ED/sub 50/) were inhibited significantly by Paeoniae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Jakyakgamcho-tang. The mean percent inhibition of NE induced contraction was 83.9% (p<0.01) after 150㎕/㎖ Paeoniae Radix, 101.1 %(p<0.01) after 150 ㎕/㎖, Glycyrrhizae Radix and 107.3%(p<0.01) after 150㎕/㎖ Jakyakgamcho-tang, Indomethacin slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Paeoniae Radix. Following treatment with indomethacin, the mean percent inhibition caused by 150㎕/㎖ Paeoniae Radix fell to 16.4% in femoral artery induced by NE contraction. Propranolol, ODQ, and L-NNA did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Paeoniae Radix. ODQ slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix. Following treatment with ODQ, the mean percent inhibition caused by 150㎕/㎖ Glycyrrhizae Radix fell to 13.0% in femoral artery induced by NE contraction. Propranolol, indomethacin and L-NNA did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix. L-NNA slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Jakyakgamchotang. Following treatment with L-NNA, the mean percent inhibition caused by 150㎕/㎖ Jakyakgamchotang fell to 13.8% in femoral artery induced by NE contraction. Propranolol, ODQ and indomethacin did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Jakyakgamcho-tang. These results indicate that Paeoniae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Jakyakgamcho-tang can relax NE induced contraction of the isolated rabbit femoral artery, and that this inhibition related to nitric oxide.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.290-299
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of water extract of Mockhyangjokisan on the blood pressure in rabbits The following results have been obtained : 1. The drug significantly increased arteral blood pressure in rabbits. 2. The drug did'nt effect the increase of arteral blood pressure by pretreated atropine and propranolol in rabbits. 3. The drug inhibited the increase of arteral blood pressure by pretreated regitine in rabbits.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.338-345
• /
• 1982

An 11 year old boy with a preductal coarctation and a patent ductus arteriosus underwent ligation of the ductus and patch aortoplasty for correction of the coarctation. His postoperative course was complicated by a paradoxical hypertension and a transient mesenteric arteritis syndrome which were successfully managed with sodium nitroprusside, propranolol and hydralazine. His urine catecholamine tests were markedly elevated one week after the operation which returned to normal 4 days later. Some of the salient points ~n the pathogenesis and management of these problems are discussed.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.356.3-357
• /
• 2002

Metoprolol (MT) is one kinds of adrenergic beta-blockers. Its (S)-enantiomer is known to be more active than the (R). Recently. the x-ray structure of beta-blocker. (S)-propranolol (a-naphthyl analogue), complexed in a mould fungal cellulase. Cel7A. was reported and the (R)-form did not build any complex. And in our previous study the conformation and stability of MT in carboxymethylated beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) complex was determined by NMR. HPLC, UV and electrophoresis measurement. (omitted)