• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2006

Native grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idellus) growth hormone, has 5 cysteine amino acid residues, forms two disulphide bridges in its mature form. Recombinant grass carp growth hormone, when over-expressed in E. coli, forms inclusion bodies. In vitro oxidative renaturation of guanidine-hydrochloride dissolved recombinant grass carp growth hormone was achieved by sequential dilution and stepwise dialysis at pH 8.5. The redox potential of the refolding cocktail was maintained by glutathione disulphide/glutathione couple. The oxidative refolded protein is heterogeneous, and contains multimers, oligomers and monomers. The presence of non-disulphide-bond-forming cysteine in recombinant grass carp growth hormone enhances intermolecular disulphide bond formation and also non-native intramolecular disulphide bond formation during protein folding. The non-disulphide-bond-forming cysteine was converted to serine by PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting 4-cysteine grass carp growth hormone has improved in vitro oxidative refolding properties when studied by gel filtration and reverse phase chromatography. The refolded 4-cysteine form has less hydrophobic aggregate and has only one monomeric isoform. Both refolded 4-cysteine and 5-cystiene forms are active in radioreceptor binding assay.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1999

In search of a method to achieve sustainable agricultural practices, a trickling filter was employed for the piggery wastewater treatment, where rice straw was the support medium in place of more commonly used materials. The filtrate from the trickling filter were applied to a soil, on which orchard grass (Dactylic glomerata L.) was grown followed by amendment of the treated straw medium. Orchard grass was cut twice, and growth parameters and yields were measured. Soil chemical properties before and after harvesting orchard grass were analyzed. Development of the forage crop was greatly enhanced by the application of the filtrate in terms of fresh weight, dry weight, and the absorption of nutrients. Better growth and higher nutrient uptake were found in the second cutting of the orchard grass. Organic matter content, ionic intensity, exchangeable cations, and phosphate of the soil increased with the application of the filtrate. The relative high concentrations of salts in the piggery trickling filtrate, expressed in electrical conductivity and content of sodium, exerted no detrimental effect on the crop and soil.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.48-57
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• 2000

This paper is dealing with the fundamental properties of planting concrete, replacing the existing cover concrete on the roof of a building. This study is to find out the physical characteristics of the planting concrete and rearing characteristics of the grass throughout the modeling experimental materials. As the results of the experiment, the physical properties of planting concrete show the following results; when the paste to aggregate ratio is 0.2~ 0.4, voids volume : 30~17%, unit weight: 1,710~2,010kg/m3, compressive strength : 45~145kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, its pH is more than 11, but is reduced to the proper degree for planting after being neutralized. Kentucky bluegrass covered with planting concrete is grown well. The planting concrete used with blast furnace slag cement shows a better properties at the height, the width and the covering rate by 1.1cm, 0.5mm and 7%, respectively, than those used with ordinary portland cement. Also, the less the paste to aggregate ratio is, the better the plant grows. The orders of the effects of temperature control are as follows; the system of planting concrete with grass>the system of planting concrete without grass>the system of mixed soil>the existed roof system. In case, the planting concrete is placed to the roofs of buildings instead of normal concrete slab, and a number of favorable effect can be expected such as the improvement os environmental factors, the reduction of construction cost, the saving of energy and the reduction of environment load. The future research on the change of a variety of the aggregate conditions and the application of the practical structures should be made, and also the research of the endurance also be performed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the forage productivity and quality in a grasslclover sward as affected by the application of three different fertilizers; double superphosphate(DS), fused Mg-phosphate (FP), and complex fertilizer(CF) on newly reclaimed hilly soil. This part was concerned with the mutual balances of mineral nutrients in the soils and mixed grass/clover sward in relation to grass tetany hazard. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Concentration of exchangeable Mg and relative proportion of Mg to CEC in the soils before experiment were considerably below the critical level for good forage growth and prevention of grass tetany. It seems that these properties would be able to handicap by liming and NPK applications. 2. Comparing with the critical level for likelihood of tetany(Mg <0.2%, K >2.5%, and W(Ca+Mg) >2.2 in forages), mean concentration of Mg ranged from 0.14 in DS plot and 0.18 in FP plot to 0.24% in CF plot. Meanwhile, hazards of grass tetany in relation to the %K and ratio of K/(Ca+Mg) were not recognized. 3. Comparing with the optimum level of Carp(% ratio)=2.0 in forages for animal health, these ranged from 6.1 to 7.1. (Key words : Grass tetany, Fertilizer. Soil. Mineral nutrients)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

The cemented sand and gravel (CSG) method is a construction technique that adds cement and water to rock-like materials, such as rivered gravel or excavation muck which that can be obtained easily at areas adjacent to dam sites. This study was performed to evaluate the planting properties of herbaceous plant and cool-season grass in CSG blocks that were manufactured by using CSG materials to develop environmentally friendly CSG method. The two types of CSG-0 without cement and CSG-100 with $100\;kg/m^3$ of cement were designed to evaluate compaction, unconfined compressive strength and growth of plants with cement content by using modified E compaction. To analyze growth properties of plants, germination ratio, visual cover, plant height and root length were measured in 4 weeks and 8 weeks after sowing. As the results, the germination regardless kinds of plants started within 5~7days and the germination ratio were in the range of 50~60 %. The visual cover of kinds of plants by visual rating system were in the range of 7~8 and the visual cover of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass was higher than that of lespedeza cuneata. The plant height and root length for tall fescue and perennial ryegrass in 8 weeks after sowing were in the range of 22~26 cm, 12~15 cm and 4~6 cm, 3~5 cm, respectively.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to improve the recycling rate of coal ash fly, industrial waste. This study was conducted to analyze the physico-chemical properties of \"CellCaSi\" and clarify the effects on the growth of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.) and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis paulstris Huds \"Penncross\") and the chemical properties of soil, which was cellular calcium silicate reproduced by coal ash fly. A field assay was carried out in Young-Pyong Golf Course. The results were as follows. 1. The main chemical composition of CellCaSi was $SiO_2$(45~55%) and CaO(25~35), which was 70~90% of total weight. CellCaSi showed pH 8~9. Bulk density of CellCaSi was 0.35~0.45g/㎤. Water content of CellCaSi was 52.5~67.5%. 2. In the applied plots, leaf width, grass density per $1\textrm{cm}^2$, rhizome number and length per plant, and root number per plant of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.) and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis paulstris Huds \"Penncross\") showed increasing tendency compared with the control. The application of CellCaSi increased the growth of turfgrasses. Their visual quality on hardness, grass shoot density per $1\textrm{cm}^2$ and root growth was very good. And, their visual quality on rhizome growth was good. 3. After the application of CellCaSi, pH, CEC, Ex-cation of the applied soil showed increasing tendency with the little range, $SiO_2$content increasing tendency considerably, and organic matter content decreasing tendency compared with the control.ncy compared with the control.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 1997

It was proven that rice straw can serve can serve as a good support medium for trickling filter with livestock wastewater treatment. The efficiency of removal of removal of environmentally undesirable components from the wastewater by the straw medium was no less inferior to other commonly used support materials. The treated straw was also proven to be a source of abundant plant nutrients. The growth of orchard grass was enhanced greatly by the application of large quantity of the support medium. A maximum yield of dry matter was obtained at the rate of 40 ton/ha. Inorganic NPK elements as background fertilizers were highly recommended for better development in an early stage of growth. The nutritional status of the soil was very much improved by the addition of the medium in terms of exchangeable cations(K, Ca, Mg and Na), available phosphate, and organic matter contents. Nutrient uptake by orchard grass such as N, P and cations was enhanced by rice straw medium treatment and that was proportional to the levels of treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.101-110
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the void ratio and strength of porous polymer concrete used coarse aggregates and unsaturated polyester resin to find optimum mix design of porous polymer concrete for planting block. Also, this study was performed to evaluate the planting properties of herbaceous plant and cool-season grass in porous polymer blocks based on the experimental results of porous polymer concrete to develop environmentally friendly planting blocks. Tests for the void ratio and compressive strength of porous polymer concrete were performed at the curing age 7 days. Also, kinds of plants such as Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, Lespedeza and Alfalfa for planting were applied to porous polymer blocks. Within 6 weeks after seed, initial germination ratio, cover view and growth length for planting blocks were estimated by various methods.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 2016

This study developed an eco-block for grass growth using the expanded vermiculites that absorb bacteria selected considering for the high pH and dry environments and plant growth. For the developed eco-block, a fundamental properties including compressive strength gain and water absorption and ecology characteristics were tested. The selected bacteria was Bacillus alcalophilus a nd Rhodoblastus acidophilus and had high concentration of $10^9cell/mL$. The expanded vermiculite that was used for shelter of bacteria was added by 7.5% and 10% replacement of the natural aggregates by volume. The developed eco-block achieved the minimum requirements specified in SPS provision and significantly effective in reducing chemical Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) concentration and enhancing the growth of fish and plant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 1986

This field experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of three levels of inclination ($10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$) and four rates of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ (0-0-0, 14-10-10, 28-25-25, and 42-40-40 kg/10a) on the hilly pasture concerning to establishment, forage yield and quality, and botanical composition in the mixed grass-clover sward set up on a new reclaimed woodland by an oversowing method. This part was concerned with the concentration and mutual balance of mineral nutrients in relation to grass tetany hazard. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Concentration of exchangeable Mg, relative proportions of Mg to CEC, K, and Ca in soil were considerably below the critical level for good forage growth and prevention of grass tetany. These properties were rather worsened by increasing the inclination grade and the NPK rate. 2. Compared with the critical level for the likelihood of tetany (Mg < 0.2%, K > 2.5%, and K/(Ca+Mg) equivalent ratio > 2.2 in forages in DM basis), mean concentration of Mg in mixed forages turned out to range from 0.09 to 0.14%. 2.6% of K concentration and 2.5 of K/(Ca+Mg) equivalent ratio were shown to be at a normal NPK rate. The likelihood of grass tetany was generally enhanced by increasing the inclination grade and the NPK rate. 3. The increasing of the inclination grade and NPK rate rather aggravated the low Mg concentration and unbalanced mutual ratios of mineral nutrients, from which resulted the grass tetany hazard and the depression of forage growth. To prevent these two resulted factors, Mg fertilization on grassland and/or extra Mg supplement to dairy cattle needed to be carried out. 4. The Ca/P ratios in the mixed forages ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 were reduced by the increased rate of NPK, whereas the difference due to inclination grade was yet to be recognized.