• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.203-221
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• 2011

This study attempts to investigate the current stage of collection development process in small libraries through case study to eleven small libraries in Yeongnam region. Library collection is the primary element of a library and collection development is the starting point of librarians' duty. The researcher recognized the problems observed in collection development process in the case small libraries and discovered the widespread obstacles restraining the future development. Through the visits and observations, aging book collections, lack of diversity in the form of materials acquired, imbalance in subject distribution, and the imbalance in circulation are identified. Suggestions are to be added: collection development duty can not be fulfilled without proper support by local governments. While small libraries penetrate into peoples' territory, Public libraries should seek to enhance and improve their service orientation as well as a cooperative network with these small libraries.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2024

In this study, an empirical study was conducted to investigate the clean air delivery rate (CADR) and the proper particle cleaned air delivery per hour (PCH) of the air cleaning device installed in passenger car cabin. Changes in internal particle concentration were measured in the cabins of the pick-up type engine-driven car and the electric vehicle depending on cabin air filters, ventilation modes, and blower settings. In the tested cars, PM_2.5 collection efficiency of the HEPA filter was higher than that of the genuine filter. The PM_2.5 collection efficiency of each cabin air filter was measured to be similar regardless of the blower setting of the tested cars. This means that the higher the blower setting, the higher the CADR and the PCH. The infiltration rate varies depending on the air tightness of the car. The cabin was more contaminated with particles under driving. From the CADRs measured inside the passenger car cabin, the recirculation mode of HVAC system is a more effective for managing ultrafine particles than the fresh air mode. From a few assumptions, the proper PCH was derived about 0.8 times/min (48 times/h). From this result and several experiments, the proper operation setting of air cleaning device installed inside cars can be found out to control indoor air quality. Also, an appropriate operation settings of HVAC system can be found with considering cooling and heating conditions for thermal comfort in passenger car cabin.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.58-63
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• 2010

Optimal operation of turbo blowers connected in serial is analyzed by experimental measurements and numerical simulation with three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The turbo blower system considered in the present study is widely used for the refuse collection system. Design optimization of the turbo blower using some design variables is also studied to enhance the performance of the blower. Throughout numerical simulation, it is found that the input energy reduction by optimal operation of the turbo blowers with the proper changes of the rotor's rotating frequency can be reduced a input energy for operating the blower system compared to the conventional on-off operation method theoretically. It is also found that the optimal design method is effective to enhance the performance of the turbo blower.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 2012

Satellite operation is divided as user's request, image collection planning, product generation, distribution. Image collection planning is to make image collection plan of satellite to reflect user's request in proper time based on NTO (New Task Order) and AO (Archive Order) using limited satellite resources. Image collection planning has high computational cost because of considering several variables simultaneously, is to be performed identical process repeatedly. In this paper, optimization research of image collection planning is performed for efficient planning. First, formulation of image collection planning is made to require satellite image as much as possible and then Heuristic algorithm is suggested for solution of formulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2013

In this study, a current condition of human feces-collecting and transporting business of local government was investigated using statistical data to efficiently derive proper systematic management plan for human feces-collecting and transporting business. According to the data for human feces-collecting and transporting business from 2006 to 2010, it turned out that the number of people working in this field and the amount of human feces produced and processed were decreased. They were decreased by 292 places, 1,077 employees, $904m^3/day$, and $121m^3/day$, respectively. In addition, the number of human feces-collecting and transporting business has been decreased causing an extra amount of manpower and the number of employees working in the field decreased. In this study, the reasons for financial difficulties of human feces-collecting and transporting business were analyzed. Finally the alternative plans were suggested to replace currently closed business due to management deterioration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2012

We surveyed and evaluated quantities and distribution characteristics of debris on the sea floor around active fishing grounds around the islands in the southwest coast of Korea in 2007 where the average depth is below 40m. Proper recovery gears mainly to haul the derelict fishing gears are selected considering the sea bed types of the areas. The collected debris amounts were used to estimate the total amount of the surveyed area. The number of hauls per trial times the amount of the debris was extended to whole sampling area and the weighting factor from the opinion was applied to reach the total amount of marine debris on the floor. The amount of the deposited marine debris around Wangdeung-do area is estimated as about 686 $kg/km^2$, and the cost of the collection and treatment for the deposited marine debris is estimated about 3.9 billion KRW after consideration of the proper size of the working ships, labor, transport and treatment cost.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.130-140
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to survey the trends of waste products in schools, its gathering and disposal, identification of problems and to analyze its disposal. Moreover, this study was aimed at basic suggestions about the establishment and plans of waste environmental education. 98 public primary and secondary schools were surveyed in Seoul during the month of March and April, 1991. Information was collected from each educational association by random sampling. Questionaries were used for this survey. To understand the disposal status of school waste and its reforms, this study surveyed the amount of waste by products, their origin and analyzed the disposal by type, one number of schools and teachers involved. The dump sited and disposal methods of school waste, its problems, and the status of school waste educations were researched, and ideal disposal methods and plans for waste education were suggested. The results were as follows. 1. The School's trash was produced by followings: paper, vinyle plastics, food, woods, metals, ceramics, glass, bottles, and ash from the heating system. The biggest cause of the school's waste as shown by the survey was a lack of environmental awareness(39.8%). The second biggest was the use of a one time use of disposable paper products(27.6%). 2. Waste collection by different grade levels were proven to be important but as you move from elementary to high school, the waste collecting operation decreased, in this connection between the students and waste collection itself it was significant on the other hand the teachers were not working as significant variables. 3. Of the school that collected waste 69.5 percent of the schools separately grouped common waste and recyclable waste. 25 schools(42.4%) received improvement on their environmental awareness of trash collection through this method. 4. From the number of disposal sites in surveyed schools, it was determined that the education of the necessity for separation of waste was performed in vain and accordingly the should require a real education in the future. 5. Regarding the method of disposal of waste the survey indicated that the #1 method of disposal was partial burning and the remains carried to a dump site by others(35,7%). In elementary schools the entire waste was taken by individuals to a dump site (33.3%). In high schools partial burning and then transported by individuals #1 in our survey(50%). 6. Relative to the problem of the treatment to waste, the emission of smoke from the burning was considered to be the #1 priority in our survey (62.3%) the problem of trash collection being delayed was 52.1%(1in our survey). 7. The present situation of environmental education of waste us lacking. Under present circumstances, the practice of public announcements for improvement and waste-paper collection has been going on vigorously but lacking in education as to the preparation of compositions for students the themes of public exhibitions, the organizing of voluntary associations should be part of the education system to reinforce student's awareness of proper waste disposal. 8. The most economical alternative for disposal was recycling usable waste or combustible material through a variety of education we can therefore educate students bring this education to their homes public servants will also be able to benefit in the waste disposal process with proper education. In conclusion we should intensify the systemical organization and the education of our waste disposal for a better environment.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.2
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• pp.3-48
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• 2000

The collection and transfer of records is a very basic stage in the whole process of records and archives management. However they are regarded as an non-professional art of work in records management that are performed easily by everyone. Therefore they have been treated not properly in the scholarly discussion of archival sciences in Korea. The collection and transfer of records play an active role in the making of effective administrative system, in accumulating and sharing the knowledge and informations of political, economical, social and cultural values. On the basis of proper collection and transfer of records our democracy can operate regularly and our daily experiences can be preserved as historical resources. For the optimal-functioned collection and transfer of public records the archivists for this task must have a comprehensive understanding of whole process of records management and possess suitable professional skills. Moreover there are many sorts of preliminary works needed for this task, as follows: an accurate defining of administrative organizations and their tasks, thorough understanding of records management institutions on their own competence and ability, and the establishment of technical standards for their tasks. Additionally the archivists are able not only to consider the present informational and evidential values of the records, but also the historical values. It can be said that the collection and transfer of records is a "synthesis of records management skills" exerted by an archivist. According to the newly established law of public records management, the collection and transfer of public records must be registered at first electronically. Through this procedure the whole contents of produced and transmitted records, which are to be transferred, can be reported in detail. By means of this report the archival institutions and the archivists can trace back the each items of records(archives) and the result of their arrangement to identify a certain object. There are also new storage strategies employed to increase the whole sum of stored informations, i. e. records and archives, in spite of reducing the storage costs. It will be achieved by differentiations of the preservation methods for each sorts of records by the criteria of storage-period, -place, and -method. Many supplementary methods are also prepared to help the collection of important records(archives) in a complete structure and form. To let this new concept and system of collection and transfer of records operate properly, a number of professional archivists should be posted in the needed places throughout the whole administrative body. Their training must be also updated for the newly defined task of collection and transfer of records.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.113-129
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• 1998

To suggest the separate collection system of garbage in household, people's disposition was evaluated. It was indicated that garbage be collected daily to minimize the odor which was major nuisance from garbage. However, most people wanted to discharge garbage in two or three days interval, as they did not prefer frequent handling. So, proper size of garbage container was determined as two to three days capacity. In contrast with it, it was major opinion that dicharged garbage should be collected everyday by local government to eliminate the outdoor pollution. Plastic bag was the most popular container, as it could be used instantly. Price of the bag affected on the efficiency of reduction and separate collection of garbage. Low price increased the separate collection and decreased the reduction, while high price introduced the opposite result. So, the dual price system was suggested to enhance both objectives.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

A total of 7039 strains of filamentous fungi are preserved in Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). The 4065 strains (58%) of them, which produce many spores in cultivation on proper media, are preserved with freeze-drying method. They are also preserved with liquid nitrogen and deep-freezer storage in order to minimize loss by death. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Rhizopus, etc. which are common in surrounding environments, are included in this category. The others which do not produce spores, or produce few spores in vitro, are preserved with liquid nitrogen, deep-freezer and mineral oil storage. Phytophthora, Pythium, Cercospora, Septoria, Rhizoctonia, etc. are included in this category. The authors also introduced various fungal preservation methods and provided detailed preservation procedures that are used in KACC.