• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.704-705
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• 2015

Recent research has been ongoing for modular buildings in the country, and interest increases. However, in accordance with legal restrictions in the country with regard to Project Delivery system of Modular Building, the activation of modular buildings industry is obstructed. In Korea, in accordance with national contract law, the construction contract is apply to the project delivery system of modular buildings, and in accordance with Framework Act on the Construction Industry, The project delivery system of modular buildings has to be a separate order. The definition of separate order in contract as defined in the law is that the electric work and Communication work and digestion facility work has to be separate each contract in order to be ensured professionalism. In accordance with law, the project delivery system of modular buildings is that the contract for construction is concluded with the Owner and the Construction Contractor and the contract for goods is concluded with the construction Contractor and modular manufacturer. Due to these project delivery system, the domestic factory production rate when making a modular unit is significantly reduced compared to the rate of factory production abroad and the domestic factory production rate is estimated to 10-20%. Due to the factory production rate is also low, despite what can be done at the factory the workload in construction field increases. According to the workload in field increases, the effect of the schedule reduction can be reduced. It resolved to form a consortium with a modular manufacturer and construction companies or the contract is concluded with Owner, modular manufacturer and construction companies in each. In this paper, we propose a specific project delivery system for modular building to solve the problem of the low factory production rate and the problem of schedule reduction. Through this paper, due to the variety of project delivery system on modular buildings is expected to contribute to the activation of modular buildings.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2002

The main issue in software development is the ability of software project effort and cost estimation in the early phase of software life cycle. The regression models for project effort and cost estimation are presented by function point that is a software sire. The data sets used to conduct previous studies are of ten small and not too recent. Applying these models to 789 project data developed from 1990 ; the models only explain fewer than 0.53 $R^2$(Coefficient of determination) of the data variation. Homogeneous group in accordance with project delivery rate (PDR) divides the data sets. Then this paper presents general effort estimation models using project delivery rate. The presented model has a random distribution of residuals and explains more than 0.93 $R^2$ of data variation in most of PDR ranges.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

The growing rate of delays is adversely affecting the timely delivery of construction projects. This study therefore assesses construction stakeholders' perception of the causes of delays and its effects on project delivery in a bid to proffer solution in minimizing the occurrences of delays. Questionnaire was used to elicit responses from construction stakeholders; a total of thirty three causes of delays, seventeen resultant effects of delays and fifteen methods of minimizing construction delays were identified for the study based on literature reviews. The results suggest that client's cash flow related problems are the main causes of delays while time and cost overruns are the major identifiable effects of delays in construction projects. However, adequate project planning and budgeting were suggested as possible ways of minimizing the occurrences of delays.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

Experts work teams generally agree that small teams are better than large teams for getting things done. Also, always aim for the lowest practical team size. But what does "small" mean\ulcorner We Introduce to productive metrics such as project delivery rate (PDR) and speed of delivery (SOD) for decision criteria of ideal team size. The experimental is based on the analysis of 300 project data. These data sets are divide in two subgroups. One is a development project ; the other is a maintenance project. As a result of experimental in two subgroup, we come to the conclusion that the molt successful projects has small teams indeed staffed with maximum five persons. This paper presents ideal team size in order to provide information that can be used as a guide in selecting the most practical and productive-based team size for a software development project.t project.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

Indian Construction industry is large, volatile, and requires tremendous capital outlays. Typically, the work offers low rates of return in relation to the amount of risk involved. A unique element of risk in the industry is the manner in which disputes and claims are woven through the fibre of the construction process. Delay is generally acknowledged as the most common, costly, complex and risky problem encountered in construction projects. Because of the overriding importance of time for both the Owner and the Contractor, it is the source of frequent disputes and claims leading to lawsuits. The growing rate of delays is adversely affecting the timely delivery of construction projects. Presently construction industries are facing a lot of problems, considering that a paper assess construction stakeholder's perception to the causes of delays and its effects on project delivery. And also one case study is considered in this paper to elicit responses from construction stakeholders. The primary aim of this paper is to identify the perceptions of the different parties regarding causes of delays, the allocation of responsibilities and the types of delays, and method of minimizing the construction delays.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of developing transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) for fentanyl used for the management of chronic cancer pain. The effect of type of pressure sensitive adhesive on the permeation of fentanyl from polyisobutylene (PIB), silicone and acrylic adhesive was evaluated. Due to the good adhesive force and relatively steady flux for 3 days, both acrylic and PIB adhesives were chosen for further study. The permeation rate of fentanyl was the highest from acrylic adhesive with hydroxyl functional group. Permeation rate increased linearly as the concentration of fentanyl in acrylic adhesive was increased from 2.5% to 10%. In case of PIB adhesive, crystals of fentanyl were developed above 5% drug load. $Crovol^{(R)}$ A40, $Crovol^{(R)}$ PK40 and Plurol $oleique^{(R)}$ provided higher flux of fentanyl.

• IE interfaces
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 2000

Resource-constrained project scheduling is to allocate limited resources to activities to optimize certain objective functions and to determine a start time for each activity in the project such that precedence constraints and resource requirements are satisfied. This study suggests a multi-project scheduling model which can level work loads, make the most of production capacity and restrain the delay of delivery by developing a heuristic algorithm which minimizes the project completion time and maximizes the load rate under resource constraints.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The effects of different formulation variables including pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), permeation enhancer, thickness of the matrix and loading amount of drug on the transdermal absorption of galantamine were investigated across the hairless mouse skin. The permeation profile of galantamine was different depending on the types of PSA, loading amount of drug, thickness of the matrix and type of enhancer used. Highest flux of galantamine was obtained from acrylic PSA but crystals were formed in the patch within 72 h. Among the PSAs screened, crystal formation was not observed only in the patches formulated in Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) matrix. Permeation rate increased linearly as the concentration of galantamine in SBS matrix increased from 2.5 to 15% w/w. Among the enhancers screened, Brij$^{(R)}$ 30 provided highest flux of galantamine. Matrix thickness of 80 ${\mu}m$ was optimum for maintaining adhesiveness as well as consistently delivering galantamine for longer period of time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2020

The volume of parcel delivery is steadily increasing with the rapid growth of the global online e-commerce market. However, a large amount of packaging materials used for these parcel delivery is finally causing environmental problems as waste. In this study, we have taken a pilot test on the returnable parcel delivery packaging & service, which is one of various ways to reduce the generation of the distribution packaging waste raised by e-commerce-based parcel delivery. For the purpose of this project, we made 300 boxes of returnable & foldable delivery packaging(415 mm × 280 mm × 160 mm) and have cooperated with e-commerce company(CJ ENM) & logistics company(LogisAll). Consequently, about 50% of the delivered packages was returned because of the lack of consumer's understanding on the returnable packaging system. We finally have suggested the policy strategy to get over problems derived from the experiment, like the retrieval rate and cost of the returnable packaging, economic efficiency and so on.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.440-448
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• 2009

Concurrent construction (or overlapping) is an alternative project delivery process to reduce time-tomarket such that the owner can get higher profits; the increased profits due to shortened project duration would exceed the loss of profits from the increased cost, if any. For more effective concurrent construction, a new conceptual framework for concurrent construction planning is suggested. With multiple work methods available in each activity, the performance of overlapping between two activities in terms of cost is affected by the compatibility between work methods selected and the benefit to the project owner is determined by internal rate of return (RoR). The impact of the compatibility between work methods and the conceptual framework are explained by a hypothetical case study.