• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2017

본 연구는 고려말에 저자미상의 실용적인 목적으로 만들어진 외국어 교재 "노걸대"에 대하여 어떻게 고려말부터 조선 500년 동안 지속적으로 외국어 교재로 사용될 수 있었는지 외국어 교재로서 그 지속성의 가치는 어디에 있는지를 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 이를 위해서 "노걸대"에 있는 대화문 구성된 의사소통 상황별로 정광의 "노걸대" 역주본에 나와 있는 106편의 대화를 만남(12편), 숙박(17편), 대도행(21편), 대도 생활(34편), 귀국(11편)으로 구분하여 평균문장길이, 어휘길이, 타입-토큰 비율, 본동사 앞 단어 수, 명사구 평균 수식어수 항목 측정치를 활용하여 외국어 교재로서의 계열성을 파악하고자 한다. "노걸대"는 제시된각 의사소통기능에서 일부 명사구 내의 계열성이 무시된 경우를 제외하면 전체적으로 복잡도의 계열성을 확인할 수 있었다. 문장 길이, 문장의 복잡도 계열성은 전체적으로 확인되었다. 어휘의 다양성은 계열성이 제대로 구성되었다고 볼 수는 없으나 어휘의 반복율이 높은 것은 기본적인 어휘의 사용이 많이 이루어졌다는 것을 의미한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2012

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease. Effective treatment is not currently available and the prognosis is poor. The aim of our study was to identify clinical predictors of survival in patients with IPF. Methods: By using medical record database of a university hospital, we reviewed the records of patients who had been diagnosed as having IPF from January 1996 through December 2007. Results: Among 89 patients considered as having interstitial lung disease (ILD) on computed tomography (CT) of the chest, 22 were excluded because of the diagnosis of other ILDs or connective tissue disease, and finally, 67 met the criteria of IPF. The mean age at the diagnosis of IPF was 70 years (range, 41~87 years) and 43 (64%) were male. The mean survival time following the diagnosis of IPF was 40 months (range, 0~179 months). Among them, 28 cases were diagnosed as the progressive state of IPF on the follow-up CT examination, and the mean duration between diagnosis of IPF and progression was 31 months. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression model revealed that body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 $kg/m^2$ (p=0.030; hazard ratio [HR], 12.085; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.277~114.331) and CT progression before 36 months from the diagnosis of IPF (p=0.042; HR, 13.564; 95% CI, 1.101~167.166) were independently associated with mortality. Conclusion: Since low BMI at the diagnosis of IPF and progression on follow-up CT were associated with poor prognosis, IPF patients with low BMI and/or progression before 36 months following the diagnosis should be closely monitored.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.416-419
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• 2014

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare peroxisomal disorder, that is rapidly progressive, neurodegenerative, and recessive, and characteristically primary affects the central nervous system white matter and the adrenal cortex. X-ALD is diagnosed basaed on clinical, radiological, and serological parameters, including elevated plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), such as C24:0 and C26:0, and high C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0 ratios. These tests are complemented with genetic analyses. A 7.5-year-old boy was admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital with progressive weakness of the bilateral lower extremities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging confirmed clinically suspected ALD. A low dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test revealed parital adrenal insufficiency. His fasting plasma levels of VLCFA showed that his C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0 ratios were significantly elevated to 1.609 (normal, 0-1.390) and 0.075 (normal, 0-0.023), respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood samples collected from the patient and his family. All exons of ABCD1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Amplified PCR products were sequenced using the same primer pairs according to the manufacturer's instructions. We identified a missense mutation (p.Arg163Leu) in the ABCD1 gene of the proband caused by the nucleotide change 488G>T in exon 1. His asymptomatic mother carried the same mutation. We have reported an unpublished mutation in the ABCD1 gene in a patient with X-ALD, who showed increased ratio of C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0, despite a normal VLCFA concentrations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 1991

12품종의 쌀로 부터 분리 정제한 전분의 2.5% (w/v) 현탁액을 각각 $65^{\circ}C$에서 $95^{\circ}C$까지 $5^{\circ}C$ 간격으로 30분간 가열 조리한 후, 전분 입자들의 형태학적 변화를 주사현미경으로 관찰 하였다. 품종에 관계없이 쌀 전분 입자들은 온도가 증가함에 따라 점진적인 형태학적 변화를 보여주었다. 이들 형태학적 변화는 전분의 팽윤도, 용해도 및 아밀로그라프점성 특성등과 밀접한 연관성을 보였다. 전분 입자로 부터 가용성 물질이 용출되는 것과 팽윤된 전분 입자가 그 자체의 독특한 형태를 잃고 서로 망상구조로 연결되면서 이들 리올로지 특성들의 급격한 증가를 가져왔다. 초기 팽윤 단계에서 전분 입자들의 독특한 구조손실 시기는 각각의 호화온도에 영향을 받았다. 호화 온도 이상의 높은 온도에서 전분 입자들이 삼차원적 망상구조를 형성하는 정도는 아밀로오스 함량이 감소할 수록 망상구조가 더 세밀해지며, 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.383-399
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• 2021

In the study, three 1:3-scale unequal span steel-concrete composite substructures with top-seat angle and double web angle connection were designed and identified as specimens GTSDWA-0.6, GTSDWA-1.0, and GTSDWA-1.4. Pseudo-static tests and refined numerical model analysis were conducted to examine the anti-progressive collapse performance of a semi-rigid steel-concrete composite substructure. The results indicated that the failure modes of the three specimens revealed that the fracture occurred in the root of the long leg of the top/seat angle in tension at the connection. With increases in the span ratio of the left and right composite beams, the bearing capacities of the composite substructures decreased, and the corresponding displacement increased. With respect to GTSDWA-0.6 and GTSDWA-1.4, the resistance due to the short composite beam corresponded to 62% and 60%, respectively, and the total resistance provided by the short composite beam exceeded that of the long composite beam. With respect to GTSDWA-1.0, the resistance due to the left and right composite beams was similar. All three specimens underwent the flexure mechanism and flexure-axial mixed mechanism stages. They resisted the external load mainly via the flexure mechanism. Moreover, the addition of stiffeners on both sides of the top and seat angles is advantageous in terms of improving the collapse resistance and ductility of unequal span composite substructures.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2021

Fruits with antioxidant enrichment can be an economically affordable supplement for mitigating oxidative damage prone spermatozoa membrane pathologies. Computer-assisted sperm analyzer and oxidative status were utilized to evaluate the impact of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fortification of dextrose saline as diluent for rooster semen and fertility response of hens inseminated. Watermelon juice and dextrose saline were used to formulate diluent of 7 treatments consisting of unextended semen (positive control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and only dextrose saline (negative control) designated as Treatments 1-7. Pooled semen was obtained from fertile roosters and equilibrated with diluents at ratio 1:2 in the various treatments and were evaluated using computer software coupled microscope and seminal oxidative status assay. 168 laying hens randomly divided into 7 treatment of 8 replicates and 3 hen per replicate. Hen were everted, and semen (2 × 108 Spermatozoa) deposited intra-vagina and eggs collected over 8 weeks to assess fertility and hatchability of eggs laid. The result obtained revealed that watermelon-dextrose saline rooster semen diluent enhanced progressive motility, sperm kinetics and lowered non-progressive motility in T2-T6 compared to T7 over the 3 hours of evaluation. Watermelon addition to rooster semen diluent enhance the antioxidant capacity of rooster semen and lowered lipid peroxide generation. The percentage fertility was highest in T3 (81.01%) and T4 (81.24%) with lowest value obtained in T7 (73.46%). The hatchability of eggs set of hens inseminated with undiluted semen (71.46%) was lower than values for hens inseminated with watermelon inclusive extended semen (75.71%-80.39%). The optimal inclusion of 30%-40% watermelon in dextrose saline diluent enhance rooster semen kinetics, seminal oxidative stability and egg fertility.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.729-740
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• 2022

Netflix, Amazon Prime, and YouTube are the most popular and fastest-growing streaming services globally. It is a matter of great interest for the streaming service providers to preview their service infrastructure and streaming strategy in order to provide new streaming services. Hence, the first part of the paper presents a detailed survey of the Content Distribution Network (CDN) and cloud infrastructure of these service providers. To understand the streaming strategy of these service providers, the second part of the paper deduces a common quality-of-service (QoS) model based on rebuffering time, bitrate, progressive download ratio, and standard deviation of the On-Off cycle. This model is then used to analyze and compare the streaming behaviors of these services. This study concluded that the streaming behaviors of all these services are similar as they all use Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) on top of TCP. However, the amount of data that they download in the buffering state and steady-state vary, resulting in different progressive download ratios, rebuffering levels, and bitrates. The characteristics of their On-Off cycle are also different resulting in different QoS. Hence a thorough adaptive bit rate (ABR) analysis is presented in this paper. The streaming behaviors of these services are tested on different access network bandwidths, ranging from 75 kbps to 30 Mbps. The survey results indicate that Netflix QoS and streaming behavior are significantly consistent followed by Amazon Prime and YouTube. Our approach can be used to compare and contrast the streaming services' strategies and finetune their ABR and flow control mechanisms.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.185-212
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• 2010

본 연구는 현재 우리나라에서 대안적 소득보장제도로 제안되고 있는 기본소득(basic income) 모델들의 소득재분배효과를 비교 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 분석 자료는 한국복지패널 3차년도 자료를 활용하였으며, 소득재분배효과는 빈곤율과 5분위 소득배율 그리고 지니계수로 측정하였다. 분석결과 기본소득 모형은 현행의 소득보장 시스템에 비해 소득재분배효과가 높게 나타났다. 또한 기본소득모델은 절대적 빈곤의 문제를 완전히 해소하였다. 기본소득 모델중에서 빈곤감소효과가 큰 것은 정률과세 기본소득 모델이었으며, 소득불평등 감소효과가 큰 것은 차등과세 기본소득 모델이었다. 기본소득 모델이 현행 시스템보다 소득재분배 효과가 큰 것은 투입되는 자원의 양 때문이기도 하지만, 보편주의적인 프로그램이 소득재분배효과가 가장 크다는 '재분배의 역설론' 을 확인해주는 결과이기도 하다. 마지막으로 빈곤감소효과에서는 정률과세 기본소득 모델이 소득불평감소 효과에서는 차등과세 기본소득 모델의 성과가 양호하다는 본 연구의 결과는 기본소득 논의에서 정책목표를 어떻게 설정하느냐에 따라 모델의 설계가 달라질 필요가 있음을 보여주는 결과라 할 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2008

To make of basic date for the progressive global brand of Korean rice, we compared with characteristics of Calrose and two Korean rice cultivar, Chucheongbyeo(medium-late maturing cultivar) and Odaebyeo(early-maturing cultivar). General characteristics of rice, pasting property of rice flour by Rapid visco Analyser, determination of optimal ratio of water to rice for cooking by electric and pressure cooker and eating quality(sensory evaluation) of Calrose with that of Korean rice cooked at the optimal cooking conditions were measured. One kernel length of Calrose, Chucheongbyeo and Odaebyeo were 6.00, 4.73 and 5.22 mm, respectively. Calrose showed higher viscosity(195 RVU) in all parameters than Korean rices(Chucheongbyeo 176 RVU, Odaebyeo 178 RVU), of which the values were similar. These data imply that the properties of starch of Calrose may be different from that of Korean rice. In general, it is agreed, in Korea and Japan, that the balance of hardness and stickiness of cooked rice is very important. However, stickiness and overall eating quality for cooked Calrose was significantly poorer than Korean rices. Cooked Calrose did not significantly different in hardness, stickiness and overall eating quality compared with those of Korean rices. Calrose cooked with the ratio of water to rice of 1.4 with electric cooker was less sticky than Korean rices and thus was poorer in eating quality compared with Korean counterparts. Calrose cooked with the ratio of water to rice of 1.3 with pressure cooker had the same eating quality with Korean rices.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.73-91
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• 2024

This paper has focused on presenting vibration analysis of trapezoidal sandwich plates with a damaged core and FG wavy CNT-reinforced face sheets. A damage model is introduced to provide an analytical description of an irreversible rheological process that causes the decay of the mechanical properties, in terms of engineering constants. An isotropic damage is considered for the core of the sandwich structure. The classical theory concerning the mechanical efficiency of a matrix embedding finite length fibers has been modified by introducing the tube-to-tube random contact, which explicitly accounts for the progressive reduction of the tubes' effective aspect ratio as the filler content increases. The First-order shear deformation theory of plate is utilized to establish governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions for the trapezoidal plate. The governing equations together with related boundary conditions are discretized using a mapping-generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method in spatial domain. Then natural frequencies of the trapezoidal sandwich plates are obtained using GDQ method. Validity of the current study is evaluated by comparing its numerical results with those available in the literature. After demonstrating the convergence and accuracy of the method, different parametric studies for laminated trapezoidal structure including carbon nanotubes waviness (0≤w≤1), CNT aspect ratio (0≤AR≤4000), face sheet to core thickness ratio (0.1 ≤ ${\frac{h_f}{h_c}}$ ≤ 0.5), trapezoidal side angles (30° ≤ α, β ≤ 90°) and damaged parameter (0 ≤ D < 1) are carried out. It is explicated that the damaged core and weight fraction, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) waviness and CNT aspect ratio can significantly affect the vibrational behavior of the sandwich structure. Results show that by increasing the values of waviness index (w), normalized natural frequency of the structure decreases, and the straight CNT (w=0) gives the highest frequency. For an overall comprehension on vibration of laminated trapezoidal plates, some selected vibration mode shapes were graphically represented in this study.