• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1207-1214
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• 2017

Since the industrialization of swine production in the late 1900s, swine farms in the United States, as well as in Europe, have largely become consolidated. Pig farms became larger in size but fewer in number, with 91% of market pigs being produced by large operations with 5,000 or more pigs on-site in the US, and only 3% of the total utilized agricultural land representing organic farming. Such change in the market made it difficult for small farmers to stay competitive, forcing them to find alternative ways to reduce the cost of production and increase profit using the outdoor production system. In contrast to the indoor confinement system, outdoor production system uses pasture-based units and/or deep-bedded hoop structures that promote animal welfare and environmental sustainability with a lower capital investment. In accord with the growing concern for animal and environmental welfare and food safety by the consumers, small farmers practicing an outdoor production system are seeing increased opportunities for marketing their products in the pork niche market. Unlike the general belief that the reproductive and growth performance measures of the outdoor sows and piglets are poorer in comparison with the animals reared indoors, studies showed that there was no significant difference in the performance measures, and some traits were even better in outdoor animals. Improved reproductive and production traits can increase the sustainability of outdoor farming. Present study reviewed the recent studies comparing the performance measures, meat quality and health of indoor and outdoor animals, as well as the efforts to improve the outdoor production system through changes in management such as hut types and breed of animals.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.191-210
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• 2017

The old sources of competitive edge and value added were land, labor, and capital. In today's knowledge-based economy in the 21st century, technology is attracting attention as a new engine of growth. That paradigm shift of world economy has resulted in the global spread of technology transfer and the gradual increase of trade of intangible goods including patents and know-how as well as tangible goods in international trade. An international license agreement is a representative form of technology transfer. In license agreements, the providers of technology keep their ownership of technology, allow the implementation of technology to the users of technology only for a certain period of time, and receive loyalty as a reward. Economic profit through such technology trade can be realized with the smooth implementation and termination of agreement. International license agreements are different from sales contracts, which represent international business transaction based on mutual obligation, in many aspects in that they target intangible goods of technology and aim for rent for a certain period of time. This study thus set out to examine issues that could be controversial in the main and individual obligation of the parties in international license agreements and provide implications helpful for the prevention of disputes in advance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2015

As a result of growth of digital music market in Korea, Creator's rights and interests have been at the heart of the debate in terms of legal system. In the music industry, digital music revenue has now overtaken records sales and compared to download service it is now clear that music streaming and subscription is mainstream model in the rise of the worldwide market of digital music. This trend is also indentical to the domestic and withholding regulations for music service and creator's rights and interests have become an ever growing issue. Ministry of Culture, Sports ad Tourism decided the revision of withholding regulations for the digital music service in 2013. The amendment is to change its policy of charging music service from the flat rate pricing to a usage-based system. This paper brought forward some disputable points such as fair division of profit, reasonable pricing for consumers etc. about the revision. Therefore, improvement of system and change in the perception of such copyrights are still required for both the encouragement of creator's activities and the high consumer satisfaction.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.129-146
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• 2003

Increasing number of transactions and investments in technology has sparked a growing interest in technology valuation. However, it has not been easy to come up with an objective valuation of technology due to variance in technology value and specialty of technology valuation. The main objective of this paper lies in the development of a new system for technology valuation, Web-based Interactive Technology Valuation (WITV) system, which valuate the technology and analyze the technology value strategy. WITV system uses the Technology Valuation Attractiveness Model (TVAM). TVA is composed of the Intrinsic Value of Technology (IVT) and the Extrinsic Value of Technology (EVT). This paper experiment the feasibility of the TVA Model and WITV System by conducting an empirical study on small & medium sized manufacturing companies in IT industry, registered on KOSDAQ. In this study, the potential value is defined as the technology value. It is represents the expected profit appraised by the market under the competitiveness of technology and the growth of the market. TVA is measured as the index to forecast the Price-to-Book value Ratio (PBR), which is the proxy variable for the potential value of the technology. The results identify the feasibility of the TVAM through a high correlation between the TVA and the PBR.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.211-234
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• 2011

The development of information technology improves the globalization of the world economy. This change was able to expand the cyber space, and the online community known as the cyber community is made within the existing offline community. From the cyber community's activity, the concept of social network services created, and recently developed social computing. Social computing is the current situation and the next step in the online community. Currently, most CIOs are using social computing for workplace empowerment. As online transactions become more active, the strategy to increase customer loyalty in Internet shopping is an effective tool to increase profit for the company, and as a method to maintain competitive. With the growth of electronic commerce, through insurance of customer loyalty on the Internet, a company can establish a long-term relationship with customers, so for this, it is important to have reliable relationship with customers. Also, through advertisement and commercial information, the cognition of Internet shopping looks can be effective in retaining customers. In this study, it explores how social computing and trust and cognition of Internet shopping are effective in maintaining customer loyalty. As the result of study, the trust and cognition of Internet shopping are significantly effective on customer loyalty, but the sense of social computing. Still, social computing has not matured enough to be as effective in retaining customer loyalty. However, it does indicate that social computing has significantly increased the trust and cognition in Internet shopping. In this study, as the concepts of the social network service and social computing are applied in Internet shopping, which are actively discussed by scholars, it is expected that the basis of the study could improve and present the idea of social shopping.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.320-329
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• 1999

This study has been done for the purpose of testing the effect of Health promotion Education on the Health perception and Health behavior performance of Elementary school student's. The collection data has conducted from June 19, 1999 to August 24, 1999. The subjects for this study were sixth grade of 'ㅅ' elementary school. which is located in 'ㄱ' city a chosen one class experimental group(38) and as a control group(38). The study were designed as nonequivalent control group pretest. posttest. follow test design. In pretest, the general characteristics of two groups, health perception and Health performance were measured, the Experimental group was given health promotion Education for a one week after the posttest, and follow test was done Health performance. for eight week's summer vocation. The instrument used for this study were Health perception scale developed by Ware(l979) were modified by Lee(l984) and Health promoting behavior scale developed by Kim(l997) were modified by No Tae Su(l999). The data analysis was done using t-test, $x^2$ -test, ANOVA. and pearson correlation coefficient using SAS/PC program. The result of this study are summarized as follows: l) There is on difference between experimental group and control group 2) The hypothesis is factor's are supported 'The experimental group which was given health promotion education will shows higher health perception and health behavior performance than control group which given that' (meal habit F=6.40 P<.05. mental health F=8.02 P<.01) 3) In health behavior performance, scale the highest domain was mental health, personal hygiene, meal habit Exercise. The following suggestions are made based on the above results: 1) Replication of the research is needed to confirm effects of health perception and Health promotion education including the elementary school students. 2) Elementary school teachers should make an effort to develop of Health perception progress and carry about continue Health promotion education program for profit stage of growth and development for elementary school students.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2 s.115
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• pp.113-127
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• 2006

As the local self-government are stabilized and the environmental value is becoming more important among local residents, the occurrence of the anti-movements against waste treatment facilities is getting more frequent. Opposing to build the reuse facilities of wastes takes place because of concerning of health and hygiene, as well as matters of unclear policy making process. However, these facilities must be built in somewhere for the convenience and profit of the public. The NIMBY phenomenon against reuse facilities of wastes could be a burden for the city operation system, and it could worsen citizens' quality of life in the long run. In these lights, reuse and recycling facilities of wastes in East region are necessary facilities improving citizens' quality of life and enhancing the growth of cities in the region. However, there have been concerning of deforestation during the construction process of the facilities. The landscape design presented here for these facilities considers the features of the environmental ecosystem and tries to establish a plan to preserve the natural environment of the City of Ichon. This paper presents methods minimizing adverse effects of the facilities on the existing environments and promoting the city image with integrating culture, tourism, landscape and environment of the city. The landscape design makes efforts to harmonize natural environments in the site, human activities and culture. Well-being park was aimed to lead healthy and energetic outdoor activities of local residents. Ecological park was aimed to enhance the ecological functions of the forests and restore the valley ecology. Culture park was aimed to capture the city identity by creating a place that contains all the variety of meanings of the City of Ichon.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-40
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• 1985

The transport of cargoes carried by coastal and ocean-going vessels has increased with the rapid growth of the Korean economy these days. This increase of the sea-borne cargoes has made the Korean coastal traffic so congested that this can be a cause of large pollution as well as great marine casualties such as loss of human lives and properties. Marine casualties generally result from the complicated interaction of natural and human factors; the former being the topographic, marine traffic volume and meteorological conditions, and the latter being the quality of seafares. In this paper, the authors analyse the trend of marine casualties in the Korean coastal and clear up the cause of accidents and examine closely the mutual relations among sea accidents, weather conditions, and marine traffic volume. These accidents are classified into several patterns on hte point of view of ship's size, ship's type and ship's age and its characteristics of each pattern are described in detail. Also, the authors estimate the amount of economical losses resulting from marine casualties which are classified into the accident patterns, and clarify the effects of those losses on B/B(Balance Sheet) and P/L(Profit & Loss) of Korean shipping companies and Korean national economy. The analyzed results of marine casualties are summarized as follows: 1) The average number of sea accidents is 248 cases per year with the loss of 107 persons during last 13 years. 2) Collision is the top of causes of sea accidents (approx. 36.4%), shipwreck the second (approx. 20.3%), agroung the third rank (approx. 18.2%). 3) The ship's number under 1, 000G/T is approx. 74% of total ship's number of accidents. 4) 80% of total number of marine accidents is taken plact at the coastal waters. (involved ports & narrow channels) 5) Marine casualties are occur likely to in the night, the winter and the summer. 6) The average amount of economical losses is approx. 18.5 billion won. (approx. 0.14% of GNP) 7) Shipwreck is the top of the amount of economical losses (approx. 60.4%), collision the second (aprox. 24.5%), aground the third (approx. 9.9%). 8) The amount of economical losses is approx. 5.24% of gross capital of shipping co., 1.24% of shipping revenue, 1.38% of shipping total income in 1983.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.189.1-189.1
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• 2011

Global warming effect was intensified due to rapid growth of fossil fuel consumption caused by urbanization and industrialization. Various efforts was being done to solve the problems leading to anomaly climate such as flood, downpour, heavy snow. As a results of international efforts for management of global warming, Kyoto Protocol, which was passed in Kyoto, Japan in 1997, designated $CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$, HFCs, PFCs, $SF_6$ as a global warming gases. And IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) suggested IPCC guideline for systematic establishment of national greenhouse gas inventory. Among five categories in IPCC guideline, the representative emission source of waste category is SWDS(solid waste disposal site). The concentrative research should progress for effective management of greenhouse gas related with waste. In this study, Tier1 and Tier2 methods which was suggested by 2006 IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guideline, was used to predict methane generation from C sanitary landfill located in Chungju area. To predict methane generation from C sanitary landfill, all factors were defaults values that were provided by 2006 IPCC guideline and Korea emission factors for Tier1 and Tier2 method. And economics of generated methane was estimated. From the predicted result using IPCC guideline, the methane generation was persistingly increased over a 9-year period(2000 ~ 2008). Aggregated amount of methane generation was about 3,017ton and 3,170ton predicted by Tier1 and Tier2, respectively. From the results of estimated economic value gained by generated methane from the C sanitary landfill for ten years from now(2010 ~ 2020), the profit was about 2.39 ~ 2.76 hundred million won.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.14-24
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• 2014

Modern enterprise activity and consuming pattern which have been continued since the industrial revolution are causing a great burden on the environment, so that the strategy for sustainability in the whole industry cannot but be realistic and inevitable alternative. Presently various brands which applied the concept of sustainability exist, however they also can be said to play a part in current environmental damage by creating value aiming at only growth and pursuing short-term profit in accordance with it with simple commercial logic. Hereupon, this research aimed at eventually preparing the base of guidelines of sustainable design of space branding by newly drawing the value of sustainability in the aspect of space branding and systematically deducing design elements along with it. For this, the researcher reestablished value and design elements for sustainability in space branding by comprehending the concept of sustainability, design method of sustainable design and environmental value hidden in it, after comprehending the concept of space branding and brand value suggestion and interrelation through advanced researches. The previous studies related to the existing space branding have had mainly focused on the design of the marketing point of view to promote consumer culture. But this study can be found the meaning that new roles and methods of design in space branding from the perspective of sustainable. Now companies need to figure out a variety of strategic ways to find the right balance depending on their situation between contradictory concept of 'Consumption' and 'Sustainability'.