• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2013

Since 1990's, a plywood for flooring base has gotten customers' demand. Costs of raw material and production increased because of changed environment of industry. Tropical timber such as Red Meranti (Shorea acuminate) used for raw material of the floor has been depleting beside countries in South Eastern Asia changed species of afforestation. As a result, it gets hard to secure good quality of raw material for plywood. Moreover plywood price is increased suddenly after earthquake in Japan. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) in china has been using for raw material as a countermeasure of changed environment of industry. In this study, possibility of using flooring consisted of Eucalyptus veneer as crossband layers was checked by deflection experiments. Flooring consisted of Red Meranti was used for comparison. Two factors which impact on deflection are a type of density gradient and density difference between Long-grain veneer and Short-grain veneer. Red Meranti samples are M type of density gradient on the other hand Eucalyptus samples are W type of density gradient. The more samples have high density difference, the more deformation was checked. A sample which has big density difference between core and cross bands layer warp more also deform. Flooring was deformed smaller than plywood and samples which have big density difference was deformed more.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.4 s.94
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• pp.527-534
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• 2006

This paper outlines a new strengthening technique for concrete beams using externally unbended high-strength bars. The advantages of proposed method lie in speed and simplicity of construction compared to the alternative strengthening method. Externally unbended reinforcement retains many of the advantages over external unbended prestressed tendons. It eliminates time consuming stressing operations. Clearance requirements around anchorages are reduced as access is not required for prestressing jacks. Test results of eight specimens on reinforced concrete beams using different reinforcement materials such as carbon fiber sheet, steel plate and high-tension bar are reported. The beam strengthened by carbon fiber sheet showed a brittle failure mode due to the separation of fiber. As a result of draped profile of external bar, the maximum strength of the beam were increased by up to 212 percent and the deflections were reduced by up to 65 percent. Test results show that the beams reinforced with high-tension bar are superior to reference specimens, especially for the strength and deformation capacity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2002

This study was to examine the characteristics in the texture of acorn Mooks (acorn starch jelly) with different conditions to prepare acorn starch. By texture profile analysis, hardness and chewiness with 50% deformation were increased with increasing soaking days. Hardness of acorn Mook, measured by texture analyzer, showed significantly difference between the samples, and was closely related to the content of non-starchy substances and their intrinsic viscosity. The observation of microstructure through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that acorn Mook showed finer and more fibrous structure than control(0-0), sample without soaking of acorn and sediments. Sensory characteristics of acorn Mook were affected by soaking treatment. The result of acceptance test on acorn Mooks indicated that the color and hardness increased with the increase of soaking days of acorn nuts and soaking times of sediments. There was a little difference between the samples in astringency taste. Their overall acceptability also increased except for 4-2 sample (i.e., soaking of acorn, 4 days; soaking of sediments, 2 times) and 4-3 sample (i.e., soaking of acorn nuts, 4 days; soaking of sediments, 3 times). As the results, the color, light brown, and the taste, a little astringency with consistency, were important factors of acorn Mook.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

Aging and severe environments are major causes of damage in reinforced concrete (RC) structures such as buildings and bridges. Deterioration such as concrete cracks, corrosion of steel, and deformation of structural members can significantly degrade the structural performance and safety. Therefore, effective and easy-to-use methods are desired for repairing and strengthening such concrete structures. Various methods for strengthening and rehabilitation of RC structures have been developed in the past several decades. Recently, FRP composite materials have emerged as a cost-effective alternative to the conventional materials for repairing, strengthening, and retrofitting deteriorating/deficient concrete structures, by externally bonding FRP laminates to concrete structural members. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in predicting behavior of circular type concrete column retrofitted with FRP. To construct training and testing dataset, experiment results for the specimens which have different retrofit profile are used. Retrofit ratio, strength of existing concrete, thickness, number of layer, stiffness, ultimate strength of fiber and size of specimens are selected as input parameters to predict strength, strain, and stiffness of post-yielding modulus. These proposed ANFIS models show reliable increased accuracy in predicting constitutive properties of concrete retrofitted by FRP, compared to the constitutive models suggested by other researchers.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.205-214
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• 2012

Crack widths play an important role in the serviceability limit state. When crack widths are controlled sufficiently, the reinforcement corrosion can be reduced using only existing concrete cover thickness due to low permeability in the region of finely distributed hair-cracks. Thus, the knowledge about the tensile crack opening is essential in designing more durable concrete structures. Therefore, numerous researches related to the topic have been performed. Nevertheless accurate measurement of a crack width is not a simple task due to several reasons such as unknown potential crack formation location and crack opening damaging strain gages. In order to overcome these difficulties and measure precise crack widths, a displacement measurement system was developed using digital image correlation. Accuracy calibration tests gave an average measurement error of 0.069 pixels and a standard deviation of 0.050 pixels. Direct tensile test was performed using ultra high performance concrete specimens. Crack widths at both notched and unnotched locations were measured and compared with clip-in gages at various loading steps to obtain crack opening profile. Tensile deformation characteristics of concrete were well visualized using displacement vectors and full-field displacement contour maps. The proposed technique made it possible to measure crack widths at arbitrary locations, which is difficult with conventional gages such as clip-in gages or displacement transducers.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.294-302
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the canal configuration after shaping by ProFile. ProTaper and K-Flexofile in simulated resin canals with different angles of curvature. Three types of instruments were used: ProFile. ProTaper. K-Flexofile. Simulated root canals. which were made of epoxy resin. were prepared by ProFile. ProTaper with rotary instrument using a crown-down pressureless technique. and hand instrumentation was performed by K-Flexofile using a step-back technique. All simulated. canals were prepared up to size 25 file at end-point of preparation. Pre and post instrumentation images were recorded with Scanner. Assessment of canal shape was completed with Image Analysis program. Measurements were made at 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 and 10mm from the apex. At each level. outer canal width. inner canal width. total canal width. and amount of transportation from original axis were recorded. Instrument deformation and fracture were recorded. Data were analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA analysis of variance and the Sheffe's test. The result was that ProFile and ProTaper maintain original canal shape regardless of the increase of angle of curvature than K-Flexofile. ProFile show significantly less canal transportation and maintained original canal shape better than ProTaper.