• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.365-369
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• 2012

Fast recovery of feed intake and milk production are very important in the management of lactating sows because they are directly related to sow and litter performance. It is also known that parity is one of factors affecting feed intake and milk yield during lactation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of different parities on productive performance of lactating sows fed diets containing different levels of DDGS. A total of 245 sows were divided into 3 parity groups of 1 to 2, 3 to 5, and over 5 parities. Within each parity group, sows were allottedto 1 of 4 dietary treatments that were prepared by inclusion of 0, 10, 20, and 30% DDGS in lactation diets. Diets were fed to sows during lactation. Sows with parities 1-2 had lower (p < 0.05) initial sow body weight, sow feed intake, sow weight change, and sow backfat change during lactation than sows with parities 3-5 as well as parities over 5. However, sows with parities over 5 had lower (p < 0.05) litter size at weaning, litter birth weight, litter weaning weight, and piglet average daily gain and higher pre-weaning mortality than sows with parities 1-2 as well as parities 3-5. In conclusion, parity influences productive performance of lactating sows.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.48-67
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is both to describe and to explain the shapes and the changes of Kwangju women's productive activities from the middle of 1950's to the end of 1990's. Productive activities in this study include wage labors as well as economic activities in informal labor sector and domestic labor. Three factors - economic structure, the family, and women's consciousness - are drawn to explain women's work in Kwangju. The period from the middle of 1950's to the end of 1990's has been divided into 5 stages and the characteristics of women's work at each stage are as follows : Kwangju women during 1950's worked hard and contributed to the family economy not only inside but also outside the family : during the second stage from 1960's to 1970's, they accomplished not only the traditional women's role but also industrial wage worker : the third period of the first half of 1980's was the time for the development of social consciousness : the fourth period from the end of 1980's to the beginning of 1990's was the time when women tried to solve their problems by themselves: during the last period from the middle of 1990's to the end of 1990's. Kwangiu women wanted to establish their identities in the independent area from their families.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2007

본 연구는 산림입지 자료를 이용하여 주요 소나무 수종의 기후대별 산림생산력을 추정하기 위해 수행하였다. 이를 위해 강원지방소나무, 중부지방소나무, 그리고 해송의 3개 소나무 수종을 대상으로 입지환경인자에 의한 기후대별 지위지수 추정식을 만들고, 적지 판정 기준에 따라 수종별 적지면적을 산출하였다. 기후대는 수종분포에 따라 온대북부, 온대중부, 온대남부, 그리고 난대의 4개 지역으로 구분하였다. 이를 위해 전국의 산림입지 자료를 기후대별 수종별로 분류한 후, 지위지수 추정식 산출에 필요한 추정자료와 통계 검증에 필요한 검증자료로 분류하였다. 산림입지 자료에 포함된 임령 및 수고에 근거하여 기준 임령을 30년으로 하는 기후대별 수종별 지위지수를 추정하였다. 이를 통해 입지환경 인자에 의한 기준임령 30년에서의 기후대별 수종별 지위지수 추정식을 도출하였으며, 검증자료를 사용하여 통계적 검증을 실시한 후 검증 결과에 따라 최종 기후대별 수종별 지위지수 추정식을 산출하였다. 본 연구에서 산출된 기후대별 소나무 수종의 지위지수 추정식은 $4{\sim}8$개의 입지환경 인자에 의해 산림생산력을 비교적 잘 추정하는 것으로 판명되었다. 이와 같은 방법으로 도출된 지위지수 추정식을 산림입지 자료에 적용하여 기후대별 수종별 산림생산력을 추정하고, 이에 근거하여 적지를 판정한 후 적지 면적을 산출하였다. 수종별 적지 면적은 강원지방소나무는 온대북부와 온대중부에서 약 24만ha로 추정되었으며, 중부지방소나무는 전체 기후대에 걸쳐 약 49만ha가 적지인 것으로 분석되었다. 온대북부를 제외한 지역에 분포하고 있는 해송의 경우에도 전체 산림면적의 약 4%인 23만ha가 적지인 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.239-240
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• 2018

컨테이너 터미널에서의 생산성 향상 및 지속적 경쟁력 강화를 위해서는 각 터미널에서의 운영상 손실을 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요하며, 이에 대한 연구로서 야드에서의 재작업(Shuffle)을 바탕으로 한 비생산성 활동(Non-Productivity Movement)에 대한 요인 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 A 터미널의 운영자료를 기초로 비생산성 활동 요인을 선사, 운송사, 화주, 터미널 별로 구분하여 분석을 행하였으며, 이로서, 선사 및 운송사의 귀책사유로 인한 요인은 14.7%이며 터미널 운영관련으로는 85.3%로 나타났다. 상기 요인의 최소화를 위한 활동으로서는 신속한 정보처리 및 선사로부터의 사전정보 입수를 통한 비생산성 활동 감소가 필요하며, 또한 장치장내의 콘크리트 블록 설치를 통한 벌지아웃으로 인한 영향의 최소화 등이 밝혀지고 있다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-51
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the productive efficiency of world container ports by using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method and raw data from previous research in measuring the international competitiveness of world container ports. Ports have to cope with rapid changes in shipping environments. In order for a port to compete in the global market, it must provide port services promptly and accurately. Basically, there are two approaches to measuring the international competitiveness of a container port. First, there is the traditional productivity analysis method, which analyzes productivity based on the container port's facilities (efficiency, selectivity, land availability), and by its general capacity (handling ability, storage capacity, terminal productivity). Second there is multi-attribute utility analysis, which considers several elements including the reasons for selecting particular container ports and factors determining international competitiveness. This paper follows the first method (traditional productivity analysis) and extends the limitation of previous studies by using the DEA method newly, and suggesting: the relative productive efficiency of container ports. The main results of this paper are as follows: First, the results of the DEA analysis in terms of world container ports matches that of a previous study (Jun et al., 1993) at a level of 35%. The low ratio is due to the constrained set of input-output elements, the result of only twenty container ports being analyzed in this paper. Second, the result of the DEA analysis in terms of North-East Asia's container ports matches with that of a previous study (Ha, 1996) at a level of 100 percent. Therefore we can conclude that the DEA analysis is the best measurement method for international competitiveness. Policy implications for this study are as follows: First, when port authorities want to measure the international competition power of container ports and enhance their productive efficiency, they should consider the traditional method and newly introduce the DEA method. Second, according to the analysis results of the DEA method, pen authorities should recommend benchmarking ports as reference ports in order to enhance the productive efficiency of container ports that show an efficiency score of below 1.

• 한국인구학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2007

본 연구는 유임금 노동, 자원봉사, 손자녀 양육과 같은 대표적인 생산적 활동에 참여하는 여성 노인을 대상으로 생산적 활동과 이에 대한 가족의 지지가 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 실시되었다. 상기한 활동별로 각 100명씩 총 300명을 면접 조사하였는데, 이 중 자원봉사자의 심리적 안녕감이 가장 높았으며, 활동시 가족으로부터 받는 지지는 손자녀를 돌보는 노인이 가장 많았다. 또한 이들의 안녕감을 설명하는 변인을 유형별로 살펴보면 유임금 노동을 하는 여성 노인의 경우 교육 수준이 높을수록, 활동에 대한 금전적인 보상이 적을수록, 심리적 안녕감이 높았다. 자원봉사를 하는 여성 노인은 활동에 대한 만족도가 높을수록, 활동에 대해 가족으로부터 도구적 지지를 많이 받을수록, 안녕감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 손자녀를 양육하는 여성 노인은 배우자가 있는 경우, 총가계소득이 높을수록, 활동에 대한 금전적인 보상이 많을수록, 가족으로부터 활동에 대한 정서적 도구적 지지를 많이 받을수록, 심리적 안념감이 높았다. 본 연구는 여성 노인을 생산적 활동의 주체로서 조명한다. 그리고 이들이 행하는 생산적 활동들을 종합, 비교하여 살펴보았으며, 이를 통해 여성 노인의 심리적 안녕감을 고양할 수 있는 토대를 마련하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2023

Objective: Better feed efficiency can be achieved by selecting rabbit genotypes with lower residual feed intake (RFI) under high ambient temperatures. Methods: Two genotypes of rabbits (Jabali, Saudi local breed and imported, Spanish V-line) were used to derive RFI and to investigate the relationship between RFI and productive traits. In total, 250 animals (125 each) were housed in individual wire mesh cages in a semi-closed rabbitry. Growth performance, feed criteria, carcass evaluation, biochemical blood analysis, and immune responses were determined. Results: Superiority in growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, and cellular immunity was recorded in the Jabali breed compared to the V-line genotype. According to regression analysis, a significant effect of daily body weight gain was found, upon computing the expected feed intake in both genotypes. Moreover, mid-body weight^0.75 had a significant effect only in the Jabali breed. Positive correlation coefficients between RFI and dry matter feed intake or feed conversion ratio were found. The same trend in this relationship between RFI and productive traits was observed in some cases for both genotypes. An opposite trend in correlations was observed in the studied genotypes for some traits. Conclusion: The results suggest that the relationship between RFI and productive traits must be taken into consideration in rabbit breeding programs under the prevailing environment. However, further studies are required to investigate the effect of rabbit genotype and environmental factors on computing RFI.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.287-308
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• 2013

Russian language tends to be quite open to borrowing. In Russian it has been for a long time the conventional way of expanding the lexicon, accepting many words from adjacent languages, including Church Slavic. In the contemporary Russian English has been the main source for loanwords. There are several linguistic factors for lexical borrowing: 1. the necessity of denominating new facts, phenomena or concepts, 2. the necessity of differentiating concepts, 3. the necessity of specializing new concepts, 4. the introduction of new international terms, 5. the increase of periphrastic expressions, 6. the needs for the more elegant and modern words. These factors have caused borrowing to enlarge the component of the lexicon and phrasal expressions, but excessive use of foreign words has brought about negative effects such as linguistic pollution. Some borrowed words are assimilated without serious conflicts, but other words undergo semantic changes in confrontation to existing words of similar meanings. These types of semantic changes comprise total change of meaning, reduction of semantic scale and extension of meaning. Semantic changes are caused by linguistic factors such as lexical conflict with existing words or by socio-culural factors such as misunderstanding of foreign words. And extension of meaning shows two types: qualitative extension and quantitative extension. The first means extending the semantic scope of a borrowed word and the latter - increasing the number of its sememe. In contemporary Russian language we can witness two productive phenomena: qualitative extension by socio-cultural factors, in which words with negative nuances are changed into those with positive ones and professional terms become common words, losing their professional meanings. On the other hand, by quantative extension some loanwords change their concrete meanings into abstract ones. In such cases loanwords acquire the additional meanings of abstractness, putting aside their original concrete meanings as the basic. On the contrary, the qualitative extension of adding the special meaning to general words or giving the concrete meaning to abstract words is not productive. And it is rarely witnessed that words of positive nuances are negatively used. It is considered that such cases are partly restricted in the spoken language or the jargon. Such phenomena may happen by the incomplete understanding of English words.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2015

본 연구는 전라북도 남원시의 맞춤형 조림지도인 적지적수도를 제작하기 위해 수행하였다. 이를 위해 남원시에 분포하는 주요 수종별 지위지수 추정식을 개발하고, 수종별로 적지에 적합한 입지조건을 반영한 생육범위를 고려하여 각 수종의 적지분포를 공간적으로 평가하였다. 남원시에 분포하는 주요 8개 수종별 지위지수 추정식은 각각 4-5개의 환경인자 조합이 관여하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 전체 27개의 환경인자 중에서 15개가 수종별 지위지수 추정에 사용되었다. 특히 사면위치($X_7$)와 경사형태($X_8$), B층 건습도($X_{11}$), 연최저 기온($X_{15}$), 온량지수($X_{16}$) 비생장기간 5개월 동안의 총강수량($X_{23}$), 월평균 상대습도($X_{24}$), 그리고 생장기간 초기 3개월 동안의 월평균 상대습도($X_{25}$)가 수종별 지위지수 추정식에 많이 포함되는 것으로 판명되었다. 이상과 같은 방법으로 남원시의 적지적수도를 제작한 후, 적합성 검증을 위해 현지 확인 조사를 수행하였다. 현지 확인 결과 본 연구에서 제작한 적지적수도는 사용 가능한 자료의 한계에도 불구하고 수종별 적지분포를 비교적 무난하게 표현하고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 하지만 부적지로 평가된 일부 지역의 경우 수정 및 보완이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.133-152
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to enhance an understanding of employee's OCB(organizational citizenship behavior) in manufacturing innovations like a TPM(total productive maintenance). OCB is examined as a dependent variable in three dimensions; compliance behavior, altruistic behavior, and innovative behavior. The six determinants of OCB are considered based on previous literature : organizational culture, team climate, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. And the moderating effect of TPM on the relationships between OCB and determinants are examined. Data is collected through questionnaires and interviews from 684 employees in the Korean medium-sized manufacturing company that are conducting TPM. The result indicates that the important influencing factors of OCB are team climate, organizational culture, and job satisfaction. And the moderating effect of TPM on the relationships between OCB and job satisfaction is founded.