• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.730-741
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• 2024

Pig production is one of the viable enterprises of the livestock sub-sector of agriculture. It contributes significantly to the economy and animal protein supply to enhance food security in Africa and globally. This article explored the present status of pig production in Africa, the challenges, prospects and potentials. The pig population of Africa represents 4.6% of the global pig population. They are widely distributed across Africa except in Northern Africa where pig production is not popular due to religio-cultural reasons. They are mostly reared in rural parts of Africa by smallholder farmers, informing why majority of the pig population in most parts of Africa are indigenous breeds and their crosses. Pig plays important roles in the sustenance of livelihood in the rural communities and have cultural and social significance. The pig production system in Africa is predominantly traditional, but rapidly growing and transforming into the modern system. The annual pork production in Africa has grown from less than a million tonnes in year 2000 to over 2 million tonnes in 2021. Incidence of disease outbreak, especially African swine fever is one of the main constraints affecting pig production in Africa. Others are lack of skills and technical know-how, high ambient temperature, limited access to high-quality breeds, high cost of feed ingredients and veterinary inputs, unfriendly government policies, religious and cultural bias, inadequate processing facilities as well as under-developed value-chain. The projected human population of 2.5 billion in Africa by 2050, increasing urbanization and decreasing farming population are pointers to the need for increased food production. The production systems of pigs in Africa requires developmental research, improvements in housing, feed production and manufacturing, animal health, processing, capacity building and pig friendly policies for improved productivity and facilitation of export.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.775-785
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• 2024

Pork production is a significant agricultural enterprise in the United States and Canada. The United States is the third-largest global producer of pork and Canada ranks seventh in pork production. The North American Free Trade Agreement and its successor, the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, have facilitated trade and integration between the two countries. The majority of production systems are modern and intensive, characterized by large vertically integrated farms using advanced technologies. Both nations benefit from their status as major producers of feed grains, with the United States leading in corn and soybeans, while Canada excels in canola and barley production. The regulatory frameworks for food safety, animal welfare, and environmental stewardship differ slightly, with the FDA and USDA overseeing these aspects in the United States, and Health Canada and the Canada Food Inspection Agency in Canada. The United States and Canada also have well-established distribution networks for pork products, relying on both domestic and international markets. Export markets play a crucial role, with the United States being a major importer of Canadian pigs, and both countries exploring opportunities in Asia. Despite a rise in global demand, domestic pork consumption trends differ, with per capita consumption remaining stable in the USA and declining in Canada. Changing consumer preferences, including a demand for ethically raised and locally sourced pork, may influence production practices. Future trends in pig production include a focus on consumer concerns, sustainability, disease prevention, reduction of antimicrobial use, and advancements in technology. The industry is adapting to challenges such as disease outbreaks and changing regulations, with a strong emphasis on animal welfare. Labor and workforce considerations, along with advancements in technology and automation, are expected to shape the efficiency of pork production in the future.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.235-242
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• 1996

Sanitary management practices from 8 packaged meals (Dosirak) manufacturing establishments were surveyd during production and distribution and their microbiological quality of dosirak items marketed in CVS were analyzed. Correlation coefficients were calculated to deternine significant relationships between sanitary management practices and microbiological quality of packaged meals. The results of self evaluation on sanitary management practices indicated 'doing practice well' in personnel and equipment sanitation management but time-temperature control management were practiced satisfactorily only about 55% as compared with the managerial standard guidelines. Significant relationships between the status of actual sanitary management practices and microbiological quality of Dosirak items were not found, but general status of microbiological quality of Dosirak items revealed positive relationship with the size of operational structure and the status of time-temperature control management practices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1991

A study was conducted to determine the macromineral status of grazing cattle in three climatic regions of the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soil, forage, blood and rib bone samples were collected within the Western, Central and Eastern regions, respectively, in February-March and August-September of 1987. Calcium and magnesium were not deficient in soil samples. For forages, calcium and phosphorus were deficient for all regions and forage sodium was deficient except for the western region in the dry season. Crude protein was deficient during the dry season. The overall percentage of deficient plasma phosphorus samples was 17 or 23% for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Based on these analyses, macrominerals most likely deficient in both seasons were phosphorus and calcium in all regions, in addition to sodium in the Central and Eastern regions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1991

Research was conducted to determine the micromineral status of grazing cattle in three climatic regions of the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soil, forage, blood and liver samples were collected within the Western, Central and Eastern regions in February-March and August-September of 1987. Forages were deficient in copper, selenium and zinc. Serum copper was deficient in all regions but zinc was deficient more in the dry season. Liver copper was deficient in all regions and both seasons except in the central region in the rainy season. Based on the analyses, microminerals most likely deficient in both the rainy and dry seasons for each region were as follows: Western-copper, selenium and zinc; Central-manganese and copper; Eastern-selenium, copper and zinc. Some degree of molybdenum excess was found in the Eastern region.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2007

기존 PC 패키지 게임의 경우에는 제작 비용과 유통 비용이 높고 인터넷을 통한 불법 복제가 많이 발생되었다. 그래서, 이를 막기 위한 방법으로 인터넷으로 게임 컨텐츠를 받아서 게임을 플레이 하는 주문형 게임(Games On Demand)에 관한 서비스가 시도되고 있다. 그러나, 현재 국내에서는 주문형 게임 서비스에 관한 연구가 부족하다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 주문형 게임을 정의하고 이를 제공하기 위한 구조를 분석한다. 그리고 국내를 중심으로 주문형 게임의 서비스 현황을 기술하고 이에 대한 문제점과 해결 방향을 연구한다. 본 연구는 주문형 게임을 제공하려는 업체에게 유익한 자료가 될 수 있다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.238-248
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• 2000

Facilities are getting more automated and informative in modern manufacturing systems, especially in semiconductor and LCD plants. These systems keep a great deal of such information on its current and near-future status as the arrival time and job completion time of their parts. This paper presents an efficient policy for AGV and part routing using information on the future status of the system where AGVs are playing a central role for material handling. Efficient control of AGVs is very important because AGV systems often become the bottleneck and limit the total production capacity of a very expensive plant. The cell controller records the future events chronologically in Next Event Schedule, and uses this list to determine to which place the AGVs and parts to be sent.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.385-399
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• 2006

본 연구는 먼저 국내 과학기술정보의 효율적인 유통을 위하여 과학기술 분야의 국내 생산 정보자원에 대한 정의를 시도하고 포괄적인 조사를 통해 그 현황을 파악하고 분석하였다. 두 번째로는 과학기술분야 국내 정보자원의 데이터베이스화 현황 및 인터넷을 통한유통현황을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 국내 과학기술정보 유통상의 문제점을 보다 면밀히 분석하고 향후 발전방향 수립을 위한 고려사항을 논의하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2009

비철금속은 종류가 많아서 비철금속 전반에 걸친 리싸이클링 현황을 파악하기에는 분량이 너무 방대하기 때문에 아직까지 개별 금속에 대해서는 비철 금속 리싸이클링 현황을 조사하긴 했지만 전반적으로 조사 발표된 적은 없다. 본 고에서는 상용 비철금속인 동, 연, 아연, 알루미늄, 니켈 및 마그네슘에 대하여 최근 몇 년간의 국내 수요, 생산량과 스크랩에 대한 리싸이클링 현황을 조사, 발표한다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The differential response of soybean cultivars with or without sulfur (S) application was observed under fold conditions. Plant biomass decreased by sulfur deficiency but the reduction was less in Bragg variety about 26 % relative to the control than other ones over 45%, probably due to less reduction in loaves and pods. The photosynthetic rate of Bragg cultivar was also unaffected by the absence of sulfur application while it depressed in other lines. Soybean cultivars were compared in terms of storage protein, protein quality and biomass production by application of sulfur nutrition. The storage protein concentration tended to decrease without sulfur application in all the cultivars, however the differential response of protein quality only by 11S/7S ratio to sulfur nutrition status was observed: For instance, Bragg cultivar had higher biomass and protein production but protein quality decreased at sulfur deficiency. On the other hand, biomass and protein production in other cultivars remained louver at sulfur deficiency but protein quality differed genetically in spite of sulfur nutrition status. These results suggest that the response of soybean to sulfur nutrition is controlled by genotypic difference and sulfur supply status.