• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.90-102
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• 2024

Haploid/double haploid plants developed from isolated microspores can significantly accelerate plant breeding. Haploid plants can naturally double their chromosomes to create a pure homozygous line of diploid plants. We present a method for producing embryos from isolated microspores of hot peppers (Capsicum annuumL.). We analyzed the polyploidization levels of the regenerated plants. The donor plants produced the optimal stage of microspores following short-term growth under low-intensity light, which resulted in high rates of embryogenesis and cotyledonary embryogenesis. To find an efficient culture method, liquid, doubled-layer, and 2-step cultures were tested. Liquid culture yielded the highest number of embryos, whereas the highest efficiency for cotyledonary embryogenesis was afforded by the doubled-layer culture. When normal cotyledonary embryos were transplanted onto a regeneration medium, they developed into complete plants. From these, 208 plants were tested via flow cytometric analysis, and 35.6% and 72.7% of the chromosomes from the Milyang-jare and LV2319 genotypes, respectively, were found to be spontaneous double haploids. These results are the same as those obtained on analyzing horticultural characteristics, including the size of leaves and the size and shape of fruits. The present study provides information on the practical application of isolated microspore culture of hot peppers, factors that affect embryogenesis, and methods for polyploidy testing.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2024

Reproductive research such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer is necessary to produce high-quality riding horses. In this study, we investigated the effects of estrus synchronization and ovulation induction methods, which can be considered the basis of artificial insemination in horses, on the hormone concentration and artificial insemination pregnancy rate of mares. For the purpose of synchronization of estrus in horses, Cidr-plus insertion method, Regumate feeding method, and 150mg progesterone + 10mg estradiol mixed administration method were used. In the Cidr-plus insertion method and the Regumate feeding method, the progesterone concentration reached the appropriate level for ovulation induction on the 8th day of administration. The mixed administration method of 150mg progesterone + 10mg estradiol maintained the progesterone concentration at an appropriate level immediately after administration. With the administration of PGF2a and hCG, progesterone concentration decreased rapidly, making ovulation induction possible. As a result of comparing the pregnancy rate between natural estrus and estrus synchronization, the pregnancy rate was found to be higher in estrus synchronization and ovulation induction. From the results of this study, it is insufficient to judge the effect of the pregnancy rate due to the small number of tests, but in terms of usability, estrus synchronization and ovulation induction were useful. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to improving the efficiency of future roadster production.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2024

수소 생산을 위한 물 분해 시스템의 효율성을 높이려면 산소 발생 반응(OER, Oxygen Evolution Reaction)에서 촉매로 인해 발생하는 전기화학 반응의 높은 과전압을 감소시켜야 한다. 그중 전이금속을 포함하는 LDH(Layered Double Hydroxide)와 같은 화합물은 현재 사용되고 있는 백금 등의 귀금속을 대체할 수 있는 촉매 소재로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 저렴한 금속 다공성 물질인 니켈 폼을 지지체로 사용하였고, 수열합성 공정을 통해 NiCo LDH 나노결정을 합성하였다. 또한, OER 특성을 향상시키기 위해 Mo를 도핑하여 합성한 Mo 도핑된 NiCo LDH 나노결정 시료의 형태, 결정구조, 물분해 특성의 변화를 관찰하였다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2024

The application of the technology for forming Al₂O₃ thin films using ALD(atomic layer deposition) method is rapidly increasing in the semiconductor and display fields. In order to increase the efficiency of the ALD process in a mass production line, metallic by-products generated from the ALD process chamber must be effectively collected. By collecting by-products flowing out of the chamber with a cold trap device before they go to the vacuum pump, damage to the vacuum pump can be prevented and the work room can be maintained stably, resulting in increased process flow rate. In this study, a cold trap was installed between the ALD process chamber and the dry pump to measure and analyze by-products generated during the Al₂O₃ thin film deposition process. As a result, it was confirmed that Al and O elements were discharged, and the collection forms were two types: bulk and powder. And the binding energy peaked at 73.7 ~ 74.3 eV, the binding energy of Al 2p, and 530.7 eV, the binding energy of O 1s, indicating that the binding structure was Al-O.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.723-730
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• 2024

본 연구는 자동 창작 영상에 관한 개념과 이해의 변화를 추적하기 위하여, 기존의 영상분야를 대표하는 사진과 영화의 창작 방식을 인공지능 기반의 영상 창작 방법과 '자동'이라는 측면에서 유비적으로 탐구하고, 새로운 자동영상창작에 관한 이해와 가능성을 논구 한다. 사진과 영화의 발명 시기에는, 회화를 비롯한 전통예술 장르와 비견하여, 이들에게 '자동 창작'이라는 영역을 설정한 바 있다. 최근 인공지능이 영상 제작에도 적용되면서 '자동 창작'에 관한 개념도 확장되어, 기존의 문학, 미술, 사진, 영화의 경계를 자유롭게 넘나드는 실험적 창작이 활발하다. 인공지능의 자동 창작은 머신 러닝과 딥 러닝과 같은 기술을 활용하여, 인공지능이 독립적으로 창작 과정을 수행하게 한다. 인공지능을 활용한 자동 창작은 효율성을 크게 향상시킬 수 있지만, 동시에 예술창작과정의 주관적인 판단의 문제에 직면하게 된다. 자동 창작으로 몰렸던 사진과 영화의 창작과정과 인공지능의 창작과정을 비교하면, 자동 창작 영상의 입면은 작가의 문제로 귀착될 수 있다. 그러나 다원적이 예술분야가 소통할 수 있는 기회로 작동된다면, 인공지능기반의 자동 창작 영상은 장르를 넘나드는 방법론이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.723-737
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• 2024

Yeast protein can be a nutritionally suitable auxiliary protein source in livestock food. The breakdown of proteins and thereby generating high-quality peptide, typically provides nutritional benefits. Enzyme hydrolysis has been effectively uesed to generate peptides; however, studies on the potential applications of different types of enzymes to produce yeast protein hydrolysates remain limited. This study investigated the effects of endo- (alcalase and neutrase) and exotype (flavourzyme and prozyme 2000P) enzyme treatments on yeast protein. Endotype enzymes facilitate a higher hydrolysis efficiency in yeast proteins than exotype enzymes. The highest degree of hydrolysis was observed for the protein treated with neutrase, which was followed by alcalase, prozyme 2000P, and flavourzyme. Furthermore, endotype enzyme treated proteins exhibited higher solubility than their exotype counterparts. Notably, the more uniform particle size distribution was observed in endotype treated yeast protein. Moreover, compared with the original yeast protein, the enzymatic protein hydrolysates possessed a higher content of β-sheets structures, indicating their higher structural stability. Regardless of enzyme type, enzyme treated protein possessed a higher total free amino acid content including essential amino acids. Therefore, this study provides significant insights into the production of protein hydrolysates as an alternative protein material.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.832-838
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• 2024

Objective: The use of molecular genetic methods in pig breeding can significantly increase the efficiency of breeding and breeding work. We applied the F_st (fixsacion index) method, the main focus of the work was on the search for common options related to the number of born piglets and the weight of born piglets, since today the urgent task is to prevent a decrease in the weight of piglets at birth while maintaining high fertility of sows. Methods: One approach is to scan the genome, followed by an assessment of Fst and identification of selectively selected regions. We chose Large White sows (n = 237) with the same conditions of keeping and feeding. The data were collected from the sows across three farrowing. For genotyping, we used GeneSeek GGP Porcine HD Genomic Profiler v1, which included 68,516 single nucleotide polymorphisms evenly distributed with an average spacing of 25 kb (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). Results: Based on the results of the Fst analysis, 724 variants representing selection signals for the signs BALWT, BALWT1, NBA, and TNB (weight of piglets born alive, average weight of the 1st piglets born alive, total number born alive, total number born). At the same time, 18 common variants have been identified that are potential markers for both the number of piglets at birth and the weight of piglets at birth, which is extremely important for breeding work to improve reproductive characteristics in sows. Conclusion: Our work resulted in identification of variants associated with the reproductive characteristics of pigs. Moreover, we identified, variants which are potential markers for both the number of piglets at birth and the weight of piglets at birth, which is extremely important for breeding work to improve reproductive performance in sows.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1031-1040
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding milk replacer (MR) with varying levels of lactose and the increased supply of total solids (from 750 to 960 g/d) on performance, blood metabolites, and health of Holstein male calves during the preweaning period. Methods: Forty newborn Holstein calves (10 per treatment) were blocked according to birth weight and date of birth and distributed in a randomized block design to different liquid diets: Whole milk powder (WMP) diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 48% lactose (48L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 53% lactose (53L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; 53L MR corrected to 160 g/L solids (16TS) by the inclusion of a solid corrector. Calves were individually housed in wood hutches, fed 6 L/d of the liquid diet, and had free water and starter concentrate access. The study lasted 56 days. Results: Liquid diet intake was higher for calves fed 16TS than for other treatments. Calves fed 16TS presented higher protein and fat intake, followed by those fed WMP and the 48L or 53L MRs. Lactose intake was higher for 16TS-fed calves, followed by 53L, 48L, and WMP-fed calves. Starter and total dry matter intake did not differ among liquid diets. The average daily gain was higher for 16TS than 48L-fed calves, with the other treatments being intermediary. The lowest feed efficiency was observed for calves fed 48L. No effects on health were observed, as well as on selected blood metabolites, except for albumin concentration, which was higher for calves fed 16TS and WMP. Conclusion: Higher total solids content (160 g/L) in MR increases nutrient intake and consequently improves the performance of dairy calves. Feeding MRs with levels of lactose up to 53% of the DM had no deleterious effect on the performance or health of the calves.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2024

Worldwide, cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death, which accordingly increased by hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia therapy can include lifestyle changes and medications to control cholesterol levels. Statins are the medications of the first choice for dealing with lipid abnormalities. Rosuvastatin founds to control high lipid levels by hindering liver production of cholesterol and to achieve the targeted levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, another lipid lowering agents named ezetimibe may be used as an added therapy. Both rosuvastatin and ezetimibe have low bioavailability which will stand as barrier to decrease cholesterol levels, because of such depictions, formulations of this combined therapy in nanotechnology will be of a great assistance. Our study demonstrated preparations of nanoparticles of this combined therapy, showing their physical characterizations, and examined their behavior in laboratory conditions and vivo habitation. The mean particle size was uniform, polydispersity index and zeta potential of formulations were found to be in the ranges of (0.181-0.72) and (-13.4 to -6.24), respectively. Acceptable limits of entrapment efficiency were affirmed with appearance of spherical and uniform nanoparticles. In vitro testing showed a sustained release of drug exceeded 90% over 24 h. In vivo study revealed an enhanced dissolution and bioavailability from loaded nanoparticles, which was evidenced by calculated pharmacokinetic parameters using triton for hyperlipidemia induction. Stability studies were performed and assured that the formulations are kept the same up to one month. Therefore, nano formulations is a suitable transporter for combined therapy of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe with improvement in their dissolution and bioavailability.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2024

Purpose: The injection molding process, crucial for plastic shaping, encounters difficulties in sustaining product quality when replacing injection machines. Variations in machine types and outputs between different production lines or factories increase the risk of quality deterioration. In response, the study aims to develop a system that optimally adjusts conditions during the replacement of injection machines linked to molds. Methods: Utilizing a dataset of 12 injection process variables and 52 corresponding sensor variables, a predictive model is crafted using Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost. Model evaluation is conducted using an 80% training data and a 20% test data split. The dependent variable, classified into five characteristics based on temperature and pressure, guides the prediction model. Bayesian optimization, integrated into the selected model, determines optimal values for process variables during the replacement of injection machines. The iterative convergence of sensor prediction values to the optimum range is visually confirmed, aligning them with the target range. Experimental results validate the proposed approach. Results: Post-experiment analysis indicates the superiority of the XGBoost model across all five characteristics, achieving a combined high performance of 0.81 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.77. The study introduces a method for optimizing initial conditions in the injection process during machine replacement, utilizing Bayesian optimization. This streamlined approach reduces both time and costs, thereby enhancing process efficiency. Conclusion: This research contributes practical insights to the optimization literature, offering valuable guidance for industries seeking streamlined and cost-effective methods for machine replacement in injection molding.