• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 1996

This study was designed to characterize endotoxin-induced prostaglandin production in primary cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The time course for prostaglandin synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated VSMC showed that the maximum production was reached in 12 hours. LPS induced prostaglandin H2 synthase (PGHS) activity in VSMC and the time course profile in the changes of PGHS activity paralleled that of total prostaglandin production. Differential treatment showed that 4 hours' exposure to LPS was enough for the maximum effect on the prostaglandin production and this effect was completely inhibited by the co-treatment of actinomycin D, a transcription inhibitor. These results suggest that LPS effect might be determined within 4 hours. Actinomycin D increased PGHS activity without affecting prostaglandin production if added 4 hours after LPS treatment. On the other hand, cyclogeximide, a translation inhibitor, augmented LPS-induced prostaglandin production if treated during first four hours, but it inhibited LPS-induced PGHS activity regardless of treatment schedule. These results suggest the existence of multiple regulating mechanisms in the LPS-induced prostaglandin synthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.65-76
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• 2011

This research attempts to analyze communication effect of book-trailer as the promotion tool for book from various genre. For this research, existing book-trailers were classified into five types and prospective readers were selected as respondents for this research. Letter explanation type, Interview, cinematic production, stills and straplines, and animation were major type of book-trailer. Findings are 1) communication effect are different according to the type of book-trailers; 2) cinematic production and animation are the most effective type of book-trailers; 3) for memory and confirmation(sharing), a)stills and straplines, interview type, b) cinematic production and animation are founded as similar groups creating communication effect. Result of this research proposed the direction of production and practical use of book-trailer by scientific basis for publication marketer and book-trailer producer. ANOVA was used for analysis of hypothesis; measuring communication effect according to the type of book-trailer and sexuality.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.245-256
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• 2002

Measurement standards, as being widely recognized, is necessary for national economic development and advanced industrialization. Also measurement standards give reliability and fair trade to the producers and consumers. Macro-effect of measurement standards using estimation of cost function has four effects: 1) value-added causing effect, 2) effect of employment, 3) reduction effect transaction cost, 4) reduction effect defect rates. In this study, to investigate the impacts between specific and the other industries, we used I-O Table of Korea Bank. The relation between the value-added produced by original production factors and final use is determined through production level, and the relation can be investigated with production causing coefficient matrix. In this study, it was showed that the measurement standards investments including measurement only man power of industries were increased from 1995 rapidly. The establishment and maintenance of measurement standards contributes to reduce the defect rate of products in production process and improve the confidence of the product quality. The results from this study show that measurement technology contributes to improve quality, decrease defect rate, improve production process, develope new products, reduce prime cost and increase the consumer's confidence on the firms. Since these results indicate that measurement standards are very important in the point of their vast contribution, we hope our findings can contribute to encourage measurement activities in industries.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.360-366
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• 1987

For the production of pullulan from the high concentration of sugar, the utilization of sugars by a pullulan-producing fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans was examined. A. pullulans showed the different utilization patterns for sugars such as sucrose, maltose, and maltotriose. Especially for maltotriose, the hydrolysis of sugar was accompanied by a transferase activity. Glucose and maltose showed the inhibitory effect on the cell growth and the pullulan production at the sugar concentration higher than 0.28M, but sucrose showed the inhibitory effect at the sugar concentration higher than 0.14M. Among the sugars examined, sucrose gave the best result for the pullulan production. 27.5g/l of pullulan was obtained from 5% sucrose.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.391-408
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spillover effect of R & D investment focusing on agriculture sector. Therefore, the Korean industry is divided into 18 industries and the data period including 1970 ~ 2014 is analyzed. In addition, the method is based on the analysis of the production function, the growth contribution of the production factor, and the spillover effect of other industries that affect the agricultural output. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, R & D investment has a positive effect on the production of Korean agriculture. Second, the impact of high tech industry R & D investment on Korean agriculture is positive. Third, the R & D investment in the public sector is relatively higher than the R & D investment in the private sector. In the R & D stage, the R & D investment of the first level technology has a great influence on the production of agriculture. As a result of this study, governments should consider the above mentioned research results to determine resource priorities based on limited resources in relation to R & D investments that contribute to production and economic growth.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 1992

Effect of quercetin, a kind of natural plant flavonoids, on auxin-induced ethylene production in barley coleoptiles was studied. Auxin-induced ethylene production was apparently stimulated by quercetin. This stimulatory effect of quercetin appeared after 4 h of incubation period. Ethylene production was stimulated 200% over the control after 8 h of incubation by $3{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ quercetin. The quercetin effect was most prominent at $10^{-4}\;M$ of IAA. Ethylene production induced by the synthetic auxin, 2,4-D and NAA, was not significantly affected by quercetin. Also ACC-based ethylene production was unaffected by the flavonoid. In an effort to elucidate mechanisms of quercetin action on auxin-induced ethylene production, the effect of quercetin on 1M metabolism was studied. Data obtained from these experiments indicate that quercetin treatment resulted in about 90% inhibition of IAA oxidase activity. IAA ($3{\times}10^{-5}\;M$) conjugation was found to be not affected by quercetin. This results suggest that the stimulatory effect of quercetin on auxin-induced ethylene production may be due to the fact that quercetin inhibits 1M oxidase activity, thus increasing the free IAA level.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 1995

Effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on ethylene production in tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hypocotyl segments and fruits were studied. Ethylene production in tomato hypocotyl segments was inhibited by the increasing concentratons of MeJA, and 450 $\mu$M of MeJA showed 50% inhibitory effect. Time course data indicate that this inhibitory effect of MeJA appeared after 3 h of incubation period and continued until 24 h. Inhibition of ethylene producton by MeJA was due to the decrease in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC) synthase activity. However, MeJA treatment had no effect on ACC oxidase activity and the accumulaton of ACC oxidase mRNAs. MeJA also inhibited auxin-induced ethylene production by decreasing in ACC synthase activity. In contrast, MeJA stimulated ethylene production in tomato fruits. When 30 $\mu$L/mL MeJA was treated in a gaseous state, ethylene production doubled and this stimulating effect continued until 4 days. To investigate the mechanisms of MeJA on ethylene production, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activities were examined after MeJA treatment. MeJA increased the activities of both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, and induced ACC oxidase mRNA accumulation. These data suggest that MeJA plays distinct roles in the ethylene production in different tomato tissues. It is possible that MeJA affects differently the mechanisms of signal transuction leading to the ethylene biosynthesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.684-687
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• 2004

A study was conducted to determine the effect of live weight of pheasants on egg production and egg quality characteristics. A total of 48 ring-necked pheasants were divided into control, heavy, middle and light BW groups. Live weights of the control were 1,187 g, 1,352.92 g for heavy group, 1,247.92 g for middle group and 1,003.33 g for light group. Egg production of groups were found as 47.32, 42.82, 45.79 and 46.51% respectively, in 10 weeks of period. There were no statistical differences on egg production among the groups. The effect of live weight on egg weight, shape index, specific gravity, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh Unit, yolk weight and albumen weight were found statistically significant (p<0.05). The effect of live weight on albumen index, membrane weight and membrane thickness were found not important (p>0.05). On the other hand, other important factors to be effective on the egg quality of pheasants should be investigated. As a result of this study, live weight of pheasant hens is not an important factor to obtain high egg production in pheasants. But, body conformation of breeding materials should be in good conditions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.441-445
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• 2008

To investigate effect of caffeic acid on the intracellular reactive oxygen species production, we used DHE for intracellular superoxide anion production, DCF for intracellular ${H_2}{O_2}$ production and DHR for intracellular hydroperoxide production in Raw 264.7 cells. DPPH assay showed that antioxidant activity of caffeic acid with 39.5 ${\mu}M$ of ${IC}_{50}$ values was similar to that of ascorbic acid with 41.3 ${\mu}M$ of ${IC}_{50}$ values. Caffeic acid dose-dependently inhibited silica-induced ${H_2}{O_2}$ and hydroperoxide production but did not affect superoxide anion production in Raw 264.7 cells, which suggest that antioxidant effect of caffeic acid acts on the post-step of superoxide anion. On the other hand, caffeic acid showed a potent antioxidant effect in $lCuSO_4$-induced lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, plasma superoxide dismutase activity (3.43${\pm}$0.23 U/ml) in 10 mg/kg caffeic acid-fed mice was significantly higher than that (2.32${\pm}$0.24 U/ml) of control. From the above results, it is referred that caffeic acid appears to have potent anti-oxidant activity in both cell system and in vivo system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

Recently, luxury research has been interested the basis of the effect of charity on luxury brand. Some of their results showed that guilt reduction plays an important role in this mechanism. Current research focuses on the moderating effect of negative perception of production on the effect of charity and the moderated mediation of guilt reduction. An experiment using a well-known luxury brand is conducted. Results show that charity influences purchase intent toward luxury branded product positively and negative perception of production's main effect is negative. Charity x Production perception is significant. More importantly, moderated mediation of guilt reduction was significant, showing the mediated effect is greater when participants perceive the production negatively. Findings of this research provide theoretical and practical implications for the marketing of luxury brands, suggesting the new perspectives of ethic perception effect of production.