• 제목/요약/키워드: Product Assessment

검색결과 831건 처리시간 0.034초

이중층수산화물을 혼입한 자기치유 시멘트 모르타르의 염화물 침투 저항성 회복 평가 (Assessment of Recovery of Chloride Penetration Resistance of Self-healing Cement Mortars Containing Layered Double Hydroxide)

  • 유경석;장승엽
    • 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.600-608
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    • 2022
  • 이 연구는 전기영동확산시험을 이용하여 이중층수산화물(LDH)을 혼입한 균열이 있는 자기치유 시멘트 모르타르의 염화물 침투 저항성을 평가하여 LDH가 자기치유 콘크리트의 치유 효과에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 실험결과에 따르면 자기치유물질만 혼입한 경우와 자기치유물질과 Ca-Al LDH를 함께 혼입한 경우 균열 발생 직후 영동확산계수는 대부분 OPC 배합에 비해 더 컸지만, 치유재령이 경과할수록 OPC 보다 더 큰 폭으로 영동확산계수가 감소하며, Ca-Al LDH를 함께 혼입한 경우가 자가치유 물질만 혼입한 경우보다 영동확산계수 감소가 더 크게 나타나 더 높은 자기치유 성능을 보였다. 이는 균열면에 자기치유 반응생성물이 증가하면서 균열 내부에서 LDH에 의한 염소이온의 구속작용이 더 커진다는 것을 시사한다.

부산지역 자동차정비업체에서 사용하는 유용성도료 관련 제품에 함유된 발암성, 생식세포변이원성, 생식독성 물질 취급 현황 (Status of Handling Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, and Reproductive Toxic Materials Contained in Oil Paint-related Products used by Automobile Maintenance Companies in Busan)

  • 김은석;천지영;최상준
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.40-49
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: The handling of carcinogenic, mutagenic or reproductive toxic (CMR) materials in paint-related products used by automobile maintenance companies in Busan was investigated and its characteristics were analyzed. Methods: MSDS for paint-related chemical products used by automobile repair companies in Busan were collected and the manufacturers, product uses, names of chemical substances in each component, CAS numbers, content, and more were listed. Results: As a result of collecting MSDS on 4,800 kinds of products handled in the painting process of automobile repair companies in Busan and comparing them with the latest toxic information database, 60 out of a total of 438 substances were found as CMR materials. Seven carcinogens (1A), including quartz, benzene, formaldehyde, and hexavalent chromium, were present. Two reproductive toxic 1A substances were included: hexavalent chromium in paint pigments and lead. Conclusions: Most of the products (95.5%) were found to contain at least of one CMR component, so it was judged that a study on exposure assessment of CMR substances by automobile maintenance workers is needed in the future.

전과정 분석을 통한 자동차엔진 재제조시 온실가스 저감효과 분석 (An Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Reduction effect of Automotive Engine Re-manufacturing throug Whole Process Analysis)

  • 박지형;이한솔;황용우;김영춘;이충근
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구에서는 자동차엔진의 신품제조시와 재제조시 발생하는 환경영향을 전과정 관점에서 산정하고 이를 기반으로 온실가스 저감효과를 산정하였다. 자동차엔진 원부자재 원료취득 및 제조공정에서 배출되는 온실가스량은 신품제조시 약 3,473 kg, 재제조시 약 872 kg으로 재제조를 통해 저감되는 온실가스량은 약 2,601kg으로 나타나 폐기 단계를 제외한 전과정 측면에서 저감효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. LCA 가중화 분석 결과 신품 제조시 환경영향은 1.07E+03 Eco-point, 재제조시 2.67E+02 Eco-point로 나타났으며, 주요 6대 영향 범주 중 지구온난화 점유비율이 99.72%, 99.68%로 높게 나타났다.

붉은 대게 껍질을 이용한 소스 제조에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Processing of Sauce by using Red Crab Shell)

  • 성태종;최수근;변광인
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.667-680
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    • 2008
  • The moisture contained in conventionally extracted red crab shell samples was lower than than in samples extracted using high pressure. In contrast, ash content increased as the extraction time increased and displayed no significant variation in high pressure extraction. Extraction time was influential, with lower lightness (L-value) being obtained in samples extracted at high pressure as compared to traditional extraction. However, large variation in a- and b-values resulted from traditional extraction. For both traditional and high pressure extraction increases in pH, salinity and saccharide content were noted with increasing extraction time, but these parameters did not vary substantially in red crab shell extracted at high pressure. The mineral content in samples extracted by high pressure was higher than in traditionally extracted samples. The mineral content increased with time, with marginally higher contents of essential amino acids and flavor enhancing amino acids noted following high pressure extraction. The contents of the flavor enhancing amino acids increased from 30?60 min, thereafter decreasing. Assessment of consumer acceptance revealed that, while traditionally manufactured red crab sauce was popular, sauce manufactured using a 60 min high pressure extraction was preferred. Extending the high pressure extraction time to 75 min produced a less sensory acceptable product, due to higher mineral and protein levels.

지속가능 섬유 소재 추적성과 저탄소화 공정 (Low Carbonization Technology & Traceability for Sustainable Textile Materials)

  • 최민기;김원준;심명희
    • 한국의류산업학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.673-689
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    • 2023
  • To realize the traceability of sustainable textile products, this study presents a low-carbon process through energy savings in the textile material manufacturing process. Traceability is becoming an important element of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which confirms the eco-friendliness of textile products as well as supply chain information. Textile products with complex manufacturing processes require traceability of each step of the process to calculate carbon emissions and power usage. Additionally, an understanding of the characteristics of the product planning-manufacturing-distribution process and an overall understanding of carbon emissions sources are required. Energy use in the textile material manufacturing stage produces the largest amount of carbon dioxide, and the amount of carbon emitted from processes such as dyeing, weaving and knitting can be calculated. Energy saving methods include efficiency improvement and energy recycling, and carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced through waste heat recovery, sensor-based smart systems, and replacement of old facilities. In the dyeing process, which uses a considerable amount of heat energy, LNG, steam can be saved by using "heat exchangers," "condensate management traps," and "tenter exhaust fan controllers." In weaving and knitting processes, which use a considerable amount of electrical energy, about 10- 20% of energy can be saved by using old compressors and motors.

시판 보냉팩 개수에 따른 진공포장 냉동 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus) 및 고등어(Scomber japonicus) 필렛의 상온유통 중 선도유지능 비교평가 (Comparative Assessment of Freshness Preservation in Vacuum-Packed Frozen Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and Mackerel Scomber japonicus Fillets During Room Temperature Distribution Using Varied Quantities of Commercially Available Cold Packs)

  • 김소희;이지운;전은비;김진;;박신영;이정석
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제56권6호
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    • pp.818-825
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    • 2023
  • The surge in online seafood consumption has increased parcel delivery, leading to a need to implement effective preservation methods. As the cold chain system is not fully established in Korea, styrofoam boxes and cold packs are commonly used for low-temperature seafood distribution. The impact of cold packs on product preservation depends on the number utilized. Herein, the freshness of vacuum-packed frozen fish fillets (Paralichthys olivaceus and Scomber japonicus) stored at 25±0.5℃ for up to 84 h was measured. Chemical (pH and volatile base nitrogen), microbiological (viable cell count), and physical (odor intensity) properties were assessed using 2 or 4 cold packs in a styrofoam box. Four cold packs yielded lower values, indicating superior freshness, and extended fish freshness by approximately 12 h compared with two cold packs. Therefore, it is recommended to use a minimum of 4 cold packs (-350 g/cold pack) in a styrofoam box for distributing approximately 300 g of frozen fish fillets at room temperature during the summer, considering an average delivery period of 2 days in Korea.

국내 소비재 기업의 지속 가능한 플라스틱 경영 전략 평가를 위한 지표 개발 (Evaluation of Sustainable Plastic Management Strategy of Korean Consumer Goods Companies)

  • 한수호;권성구;박준희;이정기;이재혁;성용준;황성연;옥용식
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제32권11호
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    • pp.745-756
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    • 2023
  • Growing stringent global regulations in Korea poses a threat to corporate sustainability. Companies must respond strategically to navigate these regulations and avoid greenwashing. Objective of this research was to analyze how Korean companies are responding to the global trend of reducing plastic use and propose improved management strategies. Seven indicators were developed to assess companies' post-plastic strategies and applied to analyze the sustainability reports of Amore Pacific and LG Household & HealthCare. These indicators included, 1) disclosure of plastic raw materials used by weight or volume, 2) disclosure of recycled plastic raw materials used by weight or volume, 3) disclosure of waste recycling, reuse amounts, and disposal using waste treatment method 4) strategies to reduce environmental impact of plastics, 5) plastic packaging, reduce, recycle, reuse, and composting (in the real environment), 6) plastic management roadmap for the circular economy, and 7) education for sustainable plastic management. Based on the review of considered companies, we propose in-listed sustainable plastics management strategies: disclosing the ratio of plastic raw materials and recycled raw materials for all products, considering recycling rate throughout the product value chain, and not only for the production phase, reviewing carbon dioxide emissions based on life cycle assessment rather than reducing plastic consumption, studying the biodegradability of biodegradable plastics in natural environment such as soil, considering the consumer's perspective.

종이 기반과 플라스틱 기반 보건마스크 패키징의 환경영향 비교 (Comparison of Environmental Evaluation for Paper and Plastic Based Mask Packaging)

  • 강동호;고유진;오상훈;추고현;장지수;이준혁;심진기
    • 한국포장학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.73-83
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    • 2024
  • In this study, environmental evaluation of high barrier coated paper (coating layer/paper) packaging is conducted in comparison with conventional aluminum laminated (PET/VMPET/LLDPE) plastic packaging. The target product for this packaging is a KF94 mask, which requires a high barrier of water and oxygen to maintain the filtration ability of the mask filter. The functional unit of this study is 10,000 mask packaging materials based on a material capable of blocking oxygen (<1 g/m2day) and moisture (<3 g/m2day) for the preservation of KF94 masks. In order to understand the results easily, paper-based mask packaging system divided into 6 stages (pulp, pulping & paper making, calendaring & coating, printing, packing and waste management), while plastic-based mask packaging consists of 5 stages (material production, processing, printing, packing, waste management) In case of paper-based mask packaging, most contributing stage is calendaring & coating, resulting from heat and electricity production. On the other hand, plastic-based mask packaging is contributed more than 30% by material production, specifically due to linear low density polyethylene and purified terephthalic acid production. The comparison results show that global warming potential of paper-based mask packaging has 32% lower than that of plastic-based mask packaging. Most of other impact indicators revealed in similar trend.

Liver CT 검사에서 프로토콜 변화에 따른 선량 감소와 영상의 질 개선에 관한 연구 (Improved Image Quality and Radiation Dose Reduction in Liver Dynamic CT Scan with the Protocol Change)

  • 조유진;조평곤
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 2015
  • 간 역동적 CT(Liver Dynamic Computed Tomography; LDCT) 검사에서 일반적으로 사용하는 프로토콜과 관전압을 낮게 설정한 후 프로토콜을 변화시켰을 때 방사선량과 영상의 질을 비교하여 영상의 질을 유지하면서 방사선량을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 알아보고자 하였다. LDCT를 시행한 환자 중 신체질량지수(body mass index; BMI)가 18.5~24인 환자 40명을 대상으로 일반적인 복부 CT 검사 프로토콜을 적용한 A그룹 20명(관전압: 120 kVp, SAFIRE strength1)과 관전압을 낮게 설정한 B그룹 20명(관전압: 100 kVp, SAFIRE strength 0~5 적용)이었다. 영상의 질 평가는 동맥기의 간 실질 조직, 대동맥, 상장간막동맥, 복강동맥, 내장지방 그리고 백그라운드에 관심영역(region of interest; ROI)을 설정해 잡음(noise), 신호대 잡음비(signal to noise ratio; SNR), 대조도 대 잡음비(contrast to noise ratio; CNR), CT number를 측정 비교하였다. 또한 정성적 평가는 경험이 풍부한 영상의학과 전문의 2명이 0~3점까지로 평가하였다. 방사선량은 총 DLP(dose length product)와 유효선량, CTDIvol(volume computed tomography dose index)을 비교하였다. 관전압 100 kVp에서 SAFIRE가 높을수록 잡음은 감소하고, CT number는 증가하였다. 따라서 SNR과 CNR은 SAFIRE 단계가 높을수록 증가하였다. 관전압 120 kVp와 비교하여 잡음, SNR, CNR이 SAFIRE strength 2, 3에서 가장 유사하였다. 정성적 평가는 SAFIRE strength 2가 가장 많았고 관전압이 100 kVp일 때 영상의 질이 더 좋다고 평가한 경우는 SAFIRE 1이었다. 방사선량은 120 kVp에 비해 100 kVp에서 21.69% 감소하였다. BMI가 비교적 높지 않은 LDCT 검사의 경우 공장에서 출고될 당시에 관전압이 높게 설정되어 있어 불필요한 방사선피폭이 우려되고 있는 현실을 고려하면, 본 연구 결과에 따라 관전압을 낮게 설정하고 SAFIRE strength를 2로 조정하면 영상의 질 저하 없이 방사선량도 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Glass Dissolution Rates From MCC-1 and Flow-Through Tests

  • Jeong, Seung-Young
    • 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국방사성폐기물학회 2004년도 학술논문집
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    • pp.257-258
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    • 2004
  • The dose from radionuclides released from high-level radioactive waste (HLW) glasses as they corrode must be taken into account when assessing the performance of a disposal system. In the performance assessment (PA) calculations conducted for the proposed Yucca Mountain, Nevada, disposal system, the release of radionuclides is conservatively assumed to occur at the same rate the glass matrix dissolves. A simple model was developed to calculate the glass dissolution rate of HLW glasses in these PA calculations [1]. For the PA calculations that were conducted for Site Recommendation, it was necessary to identify ranges of parameter values that bounded the dissolution rates of the wide range of HLW glass compositions that will be disposed. The values and ranges of the model parameters for the pH and temperature dependencies were extracted from the results of SPFT, static leach tests, and Soxhlet tests available in the literature. Static leach tests were conducted with a range of glass compositions to measure values for the glass composition parameter. The glass dissolution rate depends on temperature, pH, and the compositions of the glass and solution, The dissolution rate is calculated using Eq. 1: $rate{\;}={\;}k_{o}10^{(ph){\eta})}{\cdot}e^{(-Ea/RT)}{\cdot}(1-Q/K){\;}+{\;}k_{long}$ where $k_{0},\;{\eta}$ and Eaare the parameters for glass composition, pH, $\eta$ and temperature dependence, respectively, and R is the gas constant. The term (1-Q/K) is the affinity term, where Q is the ion activity product of the solution and K is the pseudo-equilibrium constant for the glass. Values of the parameters $k_{0},\;{\eta}\;and\;E_{a}$ are the parameters for glass composition, pH, and temperature dependence, respectively, and R is the gas constant. The term (1-Q/C) is the affinity term, where Q is the ion activity product of the solution and K is the pseudo-equilibrium constant for the glass. Values of the parameters $k_0$, and Ea are determined under test conditions where the value of Q is maintained near zero, so that the value of the affinity term remains near 1. The dissolution rate under conditions in which the value of the affinity term is near 1 is referred to as the forward rate. This is the highest dissolution rate that can occur at a particular pH and temperature. The value of the parameter K is determined from experiments in which the value of the ion activity product approaches the value of K. This results in a decrease in the value of the affinity term and the dissolution rate. The highly dilute solutions required to measure the forward rate and extract values for $k_0$, $\eta$, and Ea can be maintained by conducting dynamic tests in which the test solution is removed from the reaction cell and replaced with fresh solution. In the single-pass flow-through (PFT) test method, this is done by continuously pumping the test solution through the reaction cell. Alternatively, static tests can be conducted with sufficient solution volume that the solution concentrations of dissolved glass components do not increase significantly during the test. Both the SPFT and static tests can ve conducted for a wide range of pH values and temperatures. Both static and SPFt tests have short-comings. the SPFT test requires analysis of several solutions (typically 6-10) at each of several flow rates to determine the glass dissolution rate at each pH and temperature. As will be shown, the rate measured in an SPFt test depends on the solution flow rate. The solutions in static tests will eventually become concentrated enough to affect the dissolution rate. In both the SPFt and static test methods. a compromise is required between the need to minimize the effects of dissolved components on the dissolution rate and the need to attain solution concentrations that are high enough to analyze. In the paper, we compare the results of static leach tests and SPFT tests conducted with simple 5-component glass to confirm the equivalence of SPFT tests and static tests conducted with pH buffer solutions. Tests were conducted over the range pH values that are most relevant for waste glass disssolution in a disposal system. The glass and temperature used in the tests were selected to allow direct comparison with SPFT tests conducted previously. The ability to measure parameter values with more than one test method and an understanding of how the rate measured in each test is affected by various test parameters provides added confidence to the measured values. The dissolution rate of a simple 5-component glass was measured at pH values of 6.2, 8.3, and 9.6 and $70^{\circ}C$ using static tests and single-pass flow-through (SPFT) tests. Similar rates were measured with the two methods. However, the measured rates are about 10X higher than the rates measured previously for a glass having the same composition using an SPFT test method. Differences are attributed to effects of the solution flow rate on the glass dissolution reate and how the specific surface area of crushed glass is estimated. This comparison indicates the need to standardize the SPFT test procedure.

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