• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.61-68
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• 1998

It has become important to evaluate the qualitive reliability and condition assessment of existing structural systems in order to establish a rational program for repair and maintenance. Since most of if existing structural system may suffer from defect corrosion and damage, it is necessary to account for their effects in fuzzy reliability analysis, In this paper, an attempt is made to develope a reliability analysis for damaged structural systems using failure possibility theory. Damage state is specified in terms of linguistic valiables using natural language information and numerical information, which are defined by fuzzy sets. Using a subjective condition index of failure possibility and information of the damage state is introduced into the calculation of failure probability. The subjective condition index of quantitative and qualitative analysis method is newly proposed based on the fuzzy set operations, namely logical product, drastic product, logical sum and drastic sum

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.651-656
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• 1997

Fission product release (FPR) assessment for End Fitting Failure (EFF) in CANDU reactor loaded with CANFLEX-natural uranium (NU) fuel bundles has been peformed. The predicted results are compared with those for the reactor loaded with standard 37-element bundles. The total channel I-131 release at the end of transient for EFF accident is calculated to be 380.8 TBq and 602.9 TBq for the CANFLEX bundle and standard bundle channel cases, respectively. They are 4.9% and 7.9% of the total inventory, respectively. The lower total releases of the CANFLEX bundle O6 channel are attributed to the lower initial fuel temperatures caused by the lower linear element power of the CANFLEX bundle compared with the standard bundle.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2008

Different types of milk products, such as kwacha golla, mawa, cheese, curd, and chocolate are popular in Bangladesh. However, the microbiological safety of these products is poorly understood. This study was performed to assess the microbiological quality of kwacha golla, a local milk product. Kwacha golla samples were collected from ten different areas of Rajshahi and Kushtia regions, and the quality of the each sample was assessed using various parameters including standard plate count, total coliform, fecal coliform, total fungi, and spore-forming bacteria, as well as food-borne microorganisms. Out of 300 samples, total coliform was detected at 56.66% (n= 300), exceeding the minimum allowable limit of 36.66%. Similarly, experiments were carried out with fungi and food-borne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Results revealed 85.33, 53, and 49.33% of the samples were contaminated by fungi, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. However, all samples showed no contaminations of Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Therefore, this study could be helpful to the people of Bangladesh by providing information on the possibility of a major health problem caused by the consumption of kwacha golla.

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

In this study, we reviewed the definition of completeness and payment in SW appraisal along to being complicated requirements of the appraisal, and we also presented their meaning and computation method. The completeness in SW appraisals means the degree of functional completion of the final product, and the payment refers cost spent to develop the product. Therefore, the completeness is evaluated based on the functions or interfaces of the final product, while the payment is calculated on the outputs or expenses of development steps. Recently, SW appraisal is complicated and the requirements for completeness and payment are changing. In this paper, we review the meanings and objectives of completeness and payment and present the evaluation methods for those.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.380-389
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• 2011

Esthetic appeal of a product is often affected by the appearance quality of seams forming between components of the product. The appearance quality of seams is, however, assessed in a very subjective and qualitative manner that heavily depends on the evaluator. This paper presents a preliminary study to quantify such assessment by formulating a quantitative index which is a linear function of the seam gap sizes, seam gap ranges, and the size uniformity of seam gaps. By considering a highly simplified problem of a drawer system and utilizing subjective assessments by twenty evaluators, the index has been formulated. The validity of this index has been confirmed by observing its behavior with changes of the component tolerances. Also, the utility of this index has been demonstrated through a selective assembly scheme applied to the drawer system problem. Though the index formulated in this study for seam appearance quality may be useful, future studies are necessary to make the model readily applicable to real problems.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2015

Enforced environmental regulations call for extending the domain of manufacturers' responsibility to the entire product life cycle. To comply with the environmental regulations, manufacturers have constructed reverse logistics networks to re-collect their leftover waste for recycling consumed resources. However, the operational activities associated with storage, loading and transportation processes within the networks inevitably impose environmental burdens. Particularly, the transportation process largely influences environmental performance due to perpetual uses of transportation vehicles. Therefore, there is a need to develop an environmentally-conscious transportation model that can efficiently manage the uses of transportation vehicles. Additionally, it is vital to analyze its significances of environmental performance to compare quantitatively it with existing models. This paper proposes a transportation model for improving environmental performance in a reverse logistics network. This paper also presents a case study to perform its comparative analysis using Life Cycle Assessment that evaluates potential environmental impacts of a product system.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

This study examined consumer perceptions towards outdoor wear differentiation and product attributes for outdoor wear differentiation to develop an outdoor wear differentiation strategy. It also investigated how consumer's evaluated product attributes according to consumer's demographic characteristics. Data were acquired from a survey of 454 adult respondents aged over 20 that was analyzed with descriptives, frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, factor analysis, and reliability. The results were as follows. First, it showed that consumers did not have a positive or a negative perception toward outdoor wear differentiation, and they thought outdoor wear should be differentiated. Those married and older tended to think that outdoor wear should be differentiated more than that for those single and younger. Consumer evaluations were significantly different on the necessity of outdoor wear differentiation according to age and total income. Second, consumers assessed that color, pattern and textiles had similar characteristics among outdoor wear brands; in addition, brand recognition and brand image had very different characteristics. Third, product attributes for outdoor wear differentiation were service and store, product quality, brand and popularity, and product designs with mean values of product quality, product design, service and store, and brand and popularity, respectively. Fourth, consumers were significantly different in the importance assessment of product attributes for differentiation according to gender, marital status and age.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.480-486
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• 2006

On account of exchanging main process from chemical precipitation for MLE(Modified Ludzark-Ettinger), an external carbon source was required for supplementation of carbon source shortage that was needed biological denitrification in the S sewage treatment plant(S-STP). In this study, NUR(nitrate uptake rate), OUR(oxygen uptake rate) test and a field application test was conducted for the applicability assessment of Terephtalic acid(TPA) by-product contained about 4.7% acetate as alternative external carbon source. As the results, TPA by-product shows more rapid acclimation than methanol, 8.24 mg ${NO_3}^--N/g$ VSS/hr specific denitrification rate, 3.70 g $COD_{Cr}/g\;NO_3$ C/N ratio and 99.4% readily biodegradable COD contents. In the results of field application, the nutrient removal efficiency was high and effluent T-N concentration is 8.2 mg/L. It is concluded that TPA by-product is the proper alternative external carbon source.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2014

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is often employed to quantify the environmental impact of a product in a comprehensive manner. The aspects of performance and usability as well as that of eco-friendliness should be considered in an integrated manner for the market competitiveness of an eco-friendly product. The present study developed a product improvement plan for an eco-friendly electric heater by benchmarking two small-size electric heaters (companies 'H' and 'T') in terms of performance, usability, and eco-friendliness. The performance measurements such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, noise, and power consumption were collected while the two heaters were operated in a laboratory setting. Then, the usability evaluations such as aesthetics, operation satisfaction, performance satisfaction, and overall satisfaction were surveyed for the two heaters using a 5-point scale (1 for very unsatisfied and 5 for very satisfied). Lastly, the LCA analysis was conducted by following the six-step process of eco-friendly product design provided by KEITI. The analysis results of the two products being integrated with the aspects of product, service, and user, four design improvement directions such as eco-efficient, smart, modularized, and user-support were recommended for an eco-friendly electric heater. These proposed concepts would be useful to develop an eco-friendly electric heater design with a high level of market competitiveness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Population growth and increasing consumption of resources in the process of the industrial development has caused environmental pollution, climate change, and resource exhaustion. Therefore 'sustainable development' has become the important issue for the future. The sustainable development aims at effective resource use, less environmental impacts, and higher social security. Generally the rural area including agricultural fields and forest has various and plentiful natural resources which could make future development sustainable. To develop potential rural resources, the values for energy, environment and economy should be assessed considering the life-cycle of resources. The purposes of this study are to suggest the E3 (Energy, Environment, and Economy) assessment model for rural biomass considering life-cycle of resource and to apply the model to rice, the major agricultural product. As the results of this study, it turned out through E3 assessment that economic gain of rice cultivation is 578,374 won/10a, carbon absorption is $1,530kgCO_2/10a$, carbon emission is $926.65kgCO_2/10a$, and bio-energy potential of by-product is 394,028 kcal/10a. When E3 assessment was applied to by province, the results varied by regions because of the amount of input during cultivation. These results would be useful to realize the rural biomass and design regional resources plan in integrated E3 perspective.