• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

Purpose - This study's objective is to analyze the content of the communications between users and producers based on the construal level theory. User generated content refers to content created in an online-based service where users and producers communicate interactively with each other. In a user generated content platform, the messages sent and received between the many players, the users and producers who use the content, may be analyzed at the psychological level based on construal level theory. Research design, data, and methodology - This study gathered user and producer participation through a snow-bowling sampling method. The data analyzed includes 125 video clips and 2,912 comments. The period of the data collection was from September 2014 to December 2014. The collected data was analyzed using a t-test and two-way ANOVA. Results - This study obtained the following research results. First, users who were a short social distance from producers responded to user participatory activities stated in concrete language rather than abstract language. In contrast, users who were at a longer social distance from producers tended to respond to the content requesting user participation through abstract language. Second, if users and producers were at a short social distance from each other, user preference increased more when a producer response to user participation was expressed concretely rather than when it was expressed abstractly. In contrast, if the users were at a longer social distance, users' preferences increased more when producer response was expressed abstractly rather than when it was expressed concretely. Conclusion - This study found that the effect of suitability, in which the social distance and the content were in congruence at the construal level, could be observed. Therefore, based on this, academic and practical implications were drawn. The three main insights of the study are as follows. First, firms can use psychological factors to analyze the message content of users in their distribution platforms. This study reveals managerial implications for marketing managers who want to take make use of this analysis of user and producer communications. This study indicates that the main factors include the concrete and abstract scores and social distance between users and producers. Second, we also provide the strategic guidelines to maximizing user preferences and other outcomes. The main dependent variable in this study is the user preference shift; the variable increases through the congruence effect; and the construal level is determined by the social distance between the users and producers and the type of producer response. The outcomes here from users can be utilized to develop several systemic strategies. One process to use the outcomes could be: (1) firms could measure the users and producers social distance; (2) calculate the concreteness or abstractness of the messages; and, (3) predict the user preference outcomes by the congruence between user and producer social distance and the abstractness or concreteness of the message content.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.791-800
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• 2022

기존 네트워크 구조의 한계를 극복하기 위해 등장한 CCN은 주소(IP Adress) 기반 네트워크 방식을 콘텐츠(Contents) 기반 네트워크 방식으로 변화시킴으로써 효율적인 네트워킹을 가능하게 한다. 이때 콘텐츠들은 상위 서버가 아닌 각 노드(라우터)에 저장되는데, 저장 용량의 한계를 고려했을 때 캐시 정책을 통해 어떤 콘텐츠들을 저장하고 방출할지를 결정하는 것이 매우 중요하며, 현재까지 연구되었던 여러 캐시 정책들이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 캐시 정책들 중 생성자 인기도 기반과 거리 기반, 두 가지 정책을 서로 다른 비율로 혼합하여 실험하였으며, 두 정책을 동일한 비율로 혼합했을 때 기존 정책 대비 가장 효율적인 것을 입증하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Unit costs for energy production in bioenergy facilities are dependent upon both fixed cost for facility construction and operational costs including biomass feedstock supply. With the increase of capacity, unit fixed cost could be decreased while supply cost tends to increase due to the longer transportation distance. It is desirable to take into account biomass availability in planning bioenergy facilities. A cumulative curve relationship was proposed to relate biomass availability and cumulative products of biomass amount and transportation distance. Optimum size of gasification facilities was affected by collection cost, biomass cumulative relationship. Based on biomass availability of Icheon-City, optimum sizes were about $400kW_{th}$ for gas production, and about $200kW_{el}$ for power generation. Unit cost of bioenergy production could be substantially reduced by reducing collection cost through supplying biomass from diverse sources including land development areas where significant amount of waste wood is generated. When planning bioenergy facilities, however, biomass availability and spatial distribution are key factors in determining the size of capacity.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

석유생산을 증진시키기 위해 널리 사용되는 대표적인 방법 중 하나인 수공법을 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 적절한 물주입량을 정하는 것이 중요하다. 일반적으로 수공법의 주입유량을 할당하기 위하여 생산정과 주입정사이 관계를 정량화하는 well allocation factor(WAF)를 이용한다. 수공법 배열의 기하학적 구조에 따라 WAF를 도출하는 정적(static) WAF는 저류층 물성 및 현장 조건에 대해 고려하지 않기 때문에 부정확한 값을 도출하는 한계가 있어 이를 보완하기 위해 주입 유량, 생산정과 주입정 사이 거리, 주입정 반경 등을 고려한 modified WAF 방법이 제안되었다. 이 연구에서는 정적 WAF와 modified WAF를 적용하여 수공법의 물 주입량을 최적설계하고 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 현장 조건을 고려하지 않는 정적 WAF 보다 modified WAF 방법을 이용하여 물 주입유량을 설계한 경우 적은 양의 물이 주입되면서 생산되는 물의 양이 감소함과 동시에 추가로 생산할 수 있는 석유의 양이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 modified WAF 방법은 주입정과 생산정 사이 거리의 변화가 클 경우 주입 유량 최적설계에 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1121-1132
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• 2021

지금은 스마트폰, 태블릿 등 모바일기기를 사용하지 않는 사람을 찾는 것이 더 어려운 시대다. 손가락만 움직이면 접근 가능한 콘텐츠들이 넘쳐난다. 하지만 기존 네트워크는 넘치는 콘텐츠들로 인해 발생하는 문제들에 대해 효율적인 대응이 어려운 구조를 가지고 있다. 특히, 다수의 사용자가 동시에 집약적으로 서버에 콘텐츠를 요구할 시 발생하는 병목현상 문제가 대표적인데 이를 해소하기 위해 미래 네트워크의 대안으로 CCN이 등장했다. CCN은 중간노드의 In-Network Cache 기능을 통해 네트워크의 대역폭을 효율적으로 사용해 사용자들의 요청이 Server에 도달하기 위해 소요되는 트래픽을 개선해 네트워크 내에서 응답시간을 줄이고 트래픽 집중을 분산한다. 이런 CCN 환경에서 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있는 캐시정책을 제안한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1987

The content of Pb and Cd in the soil, producer, 1st consumer and 2nd consumer by the distance from two highway with different construction years and traffic volumes was measured from 1984 through 1986. The result was compared with that of a control in Yangsu-ri near Mt. Unak, Namyangju-gun, Kyunggi-do. The producers in the area of Yangjae-done are composed of 27 species of floras with Glycine soja being the dominant species while those in Shingal 20 species, with Leesia japonica being the dominant species. The faunas in the former area include 37 families and 69 species, with insects being dominant. In the area of Yangjae-dong, the biomass by trophic levels increased from the ration of 1/400 between producer and 1st consumer to the ratio of 1/10 between 1st consumer and 2nd consumer. The Pb content of soil, producer, 1st consumer and 2nd consumer in Yangjae-done near the Kyungbu highway with traffic jam has the sigingacant difference of 1% level at the vicinity of 10 meters and it is the same with that of Shingal area nearthe Youngdong highway with relatively sparse traffic except for the 2nd consumer. In case of cadmium content, the 1st and 2nd consumer has 1% signigicant difference near the Kyungbu highway and other trophic levels have no diference. Besides, the content of Pb and Cd at the site 1, 2 and 3 within the range of 100 meters from the two highways has 1% significant difference from that of a control while the site 4 has no difference.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.506-515
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• 2016

This study examines the digital era's fashion system and defines fashion leaders in the system. The study was based on a theoretical review and a research survey to verify the theoretical findings. The results are follows. The critical changes in the fashion system are expansion, cyclical direction and closer distance between producer and consumer. By inflow of media to a new channel, a layer of consumers was extended and the range of celebrities participating in the fashion industry has expanded dramatically. Simultaneously with the change from vertical communication to cyclical and interactive, the direction of communication was re-routed through diverse media. Crowd sourcing activated through two-way communication service has increased consumer opportunities to participate in production and consumption. Fashion leaders have changed significantly under this new system. The range of celebrities participating in the fashion system has increased and different fashion leaders have appeared. An interactive and cyclical fashion system has been established through media innovation; consequently, the influential power of celebrities and individuals for direct participation in the fashion system directly has increased significantly.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.49-67
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• 1996

1970년대에 들어서 우리 나라 상업 시설의 혁신적 변화는 슈퍼마켓의 대두라고 할 수 있다. 이는 식료품을 중심으로 한 일상용품을 판매하는 소매 기구의 대규모화와 근대화를 의미하기 때문이다. 이에 따라, 소매업이 도매업의 기능을 병행하여 유통 경로를 단축시킴으로서 생산자에서 소비자에 이르기까지 변화를 초래하였다. 본 연구에서는 슈퍼마켓의 상업적 특성을 분석함에 있어, 슈퍼마켓을 경영하는 점주의 입장과 슈퍼마켓을 이용하는 소비자의 입장에서 종합적으로 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 전자의 경우 슈퍼마켓 특성을 나타내는 인자는 상업 환경적 특성, 인구적 특성, 규모적 특성, 상품 구성적 특성 등을 나타내는 4개의 인자가 추출되었다. 또한 소비자의 입장에서 슈퍼마켓 특성은 근거리에 위치한다는 점에서 높은 선호도를 나타냈다. 이를 통해 볼 때 슈퍼마켓은 지역 주민의 생활과 밀접한 관련성을 갖는 상업 시설로서 정착되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 한편, 상업 시설은 사회 제반 요소와 소비자 요구에 의해 변화를 거듭하고 있는 만큼, 슈퍼마켓의 상업적 특성 또한 재고되어져야 할 것이다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 향후 포스트 교토협약에서 온실가스 감축의무국으로 분류될 가능성이 높은 세계 최대의 $CO_2$ 배출국 중국의 화력발전산업을 대상으로 Shephard 투입물거리함수를 추정하여 $CO_2$ 암묵가격과 기술효율성, 그리고 투입요소 간 간접 모리시마 대체탄력성을 측정한다. 1981-2009년 기간 동안 $CO_2$ 1톤을 감축하는 데 연간 평균 약 3.2달러의 비용이 드는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 한국, 일본의 발전 산업에 대한 $CO_2$ 암묵가격 추정치보다 낮은 수준으로서 향후 이들 나라와 배출권 거래가 이루어질 경우 배출권 판매를 통한 경제적 이득이 예상된다. 기술효율성의 향상으로 달성할 수 있는 최대 $CO_2$ 잠재 감축량은 연간 평균 약 2천 5백만톤에 이르는 것으로 산정되었다. 석탄과 석유 등의 연료와 자본은 상호 대체가능하며 자본이 연료를 더 용이하게 대체하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1970

Very few articles are available on geologic structure and genesis of Sangdong scheelite-deposits in spite of the fact that the mine is one of the leading tungsten producer in the world. Sangdong scheelite deposits, embedded in Myobong slate of Cambrian age at the southem limb of the Hambaek syncline which strikes $N70{\sim}80^{\circ}W$ and dips $15{\sim}30^{\circ}$ northeast, comprise six parallel veins in coincide with the bedding plane of Myobong formation, namely four footwall veins, a main vein, and a hangingwall vein. Four footwall veins are discontinuous and diminish both directions in short distance and were worked at near surface in old time. Hangingwall vein is emplaced in brecciated zone in contact plane of Myobong slate and overlying Pungchon limestone bed of Cambrian age and has not been worked until recent. The main vein, presently working, continues more than 1,500 m in both strike and dip sides and has a thickness varying 3.5 to 5 m. Characteristic is the distinct zonal arrangement of the main vein along strike side which gives a clue to the genesis of the deposits. The zones symmetrically arranged in both sides from center are, in order of center to both margins, muscovite-biotite-quartz zone, biotite-hornblende-quartz zone and garnet-diopside zone. The zones grade into each other with no boundary, and minable part of the vein streches in the former two zones extending roughly 1,000 m in strike side and over 1,100 m in dip side to which mining is underway at present. The quartz in both muscovite-biotite-quartz and biotite-hornblende-quartz zones is not network type of later intrusion, but the primary constituent of the special type of rock that forms the main vein. The minable zone has been enriched several times by numerous quartz veins along post-mineral fractures in the vein which carry scheelite, molybdenite, bismuthinite, fluorite and other sulfide minerals. These quartz veins varying from few centimeter to few tens of centimeter in width are roughly parallel to the main vein although few of them are diagonal, and distributed in rich zones not beyond the vein into both walls and garnet-diopside zone. Ore grade ranges from 1.5~2.5% $WO_3$ in center zone to less than 0.5% in garnet-diopside zone at margin, biotite-hornblende-quartz zone being inbetween in garde. The grade is, in general, proportional to the content of primary quartz. Judging from regional structure in mid-central parts of South Korea, Hambaek syncline was formed by the disturbance at the end of Triassic period with which bedding thrust and accompanied feather cracks in footwall side were created in Myobong slate and brecciated zone in contact plane between Myobong slate and Pungchon limestone. These fractures acted as a pathway of hot solution from interior which was in turn differentiated in situ to form deposit of the main vein with zonal arrangement. The footwall veins were developed along feather cracks accompanied with the main thrust by intrusion of biotite-hornblende-quartz vein and the hangingwall vein in shear zone along contact plane by replacement. The main vein thus formed was enriched at later stage by hydrothermal solutions now represented by quartz veins. The main mineralization and subsequent hydrothermal enrichments had probably taken place in post-Triassic to pre-Cretaceous periods. The veins were slightly displaced by post-mineral faults which cross diagonally the vein. This hypothesis differs from those done by previous workers who postulated that the deposits were formed by pyrometasomatic to contact replacement of the intercalated thin limestone bed in Myobong slate at the end of Cretaceous period.