• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.105-122
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• 2022

최근 5년간 고속도로에서 발생한 사망 사고의 통계를 살펴보면, 고속도로 전체 사망자 중 갓길에서 발생한 사망자의 사망률이 약 3배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 갓길 사고 발생 시 사고의 심각도가 매우 높다는 것을 보여주며, 갓길 차로 위반 차량을 단속하여 사고를 미연에 방지하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 시시한다. 이에 본 연구는 Faster R-CNN 기법을 활용하여 갓길 차로 위반 차량을 검출할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. Faster R-CNN 기법을 기반으로 차량을 탐지하고, 추가적인 판독 모듈을 구성하여 갓길 위반 여부를 판단하였다. 실험 및 평가를 위해 현실세계와 유사하게 상황을 재현할 수 있는 시뮬레이션 게임인 GTAV를 활용하였다. 이미지 형태의 학습데이터 1,800장과 평가데이터 800장을 가공 및 생성하였으며, ZFNet과 VGG16에서 Threshold 값의 변화에 따른 성능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 Threshold 0.8 기준 ZFNet 99.2%, Threshold 0.7 기준 VGG16 93.9%의 검출율을 보였고, 모델 별 평균 검출 속도는 ZFNet 0.0468초, VGG16 0.16초를 기록하여 ZFNet의 검출율이 약 7% 정도 높았으며, 검출 속도 또한 약 3.4배 빠름을 확인하였다. 이는 비교적 복잡하지 않은 네트워크에서도 입력 영상의 전처리 없이 빠른 속도로 갓길 차로 위반 차량의 검출이 가능함을 보여주며, 실제 영상자료 기반의 학습데이터셋을 충분히 확보한다면 지정 차로 위반 검출에 본 알고리즘을 활용할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

자동차의 주요 부품인 휠 베어링에 결함이 생기면 교통사고등 문제를 발생시켜 이를 해결하기 위해 빅데이터를 수집해서 예측진단 및 관리 기술을 통한 휠 베어링의 고장 유무 및 고장 유형을 조기에 알려 주는 알고리즘과 모니터링 시스템 개발이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 지능형 휠 허브 베어링 정비 시스템 구현을 위해 신뢰성 및 건전성에 대한 모니터링용 센서 및 예측 진단하는 알고리즘이 탑재된 임베디드 시스템을 개발하였다. 사용된 알고리즘은 휠 베어링에 설치된 가속도 센서로부터 진동 신호를 취득하고 이를 신호 처리기법, 결함주파수 분석, 건전성 특징 인자정의 등의 과정을 빅데이터 기술을 통해 고장을 예측하고 진단할 수 있다. 구현된 알고리즘은 진동 주파수 성분들은 최소화하고 휠 베어링에서 발생하는 진동 성분을 극대화할 수 있는 안정 신호 추출 알고리즘을 적용하고, 필터를 활용한 노이즈 제거에서는 인공지능 기반의 건전성 추출 알고리즘을 적용하였으며, FFT를 통한 결함 주파수를 분석하여 고장 특성인자 추출을 통한 고장을 진단하였다. 본 시스템의 성능 목표는 12,800ODR 이상으로 시험 결과를 통해 목표치를 만족하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 모바일 기기를 이용하여 획득한 가스계량기 사진을 서버로 전송하고, 이를 분석하여 가스 사용량 및 계량기 기물 번호를 인식함으로써 가스 사용량에 대한 과금을 자동으로 처리할 수 있는 응용 시스템 구조를 제안하고자 한다. 모바일 기기는 일반인들이 사용하는 스마트 폰에 준하는 기기를 사용하였으며, 획득한 이미지는 가스 공급사의 사설 LTE 망을 통해 서버로 전송된다. 서버에서는 전송받은 이미지를 분석하여 가스계량기 기물 번호 및 가스 사용량 정보를 추출하고, 사설 LTE 망을 통해 분석 결과를 모바일 기기로 회신한다. 일반적으로 이미지 내에는 많은 종류의 문자 정보가 포함되어 있으나, 본 연구의 응용분야인 가스계량기 자동 검침과 같이 많은 종류의 문자 정보 중 특정 형태의 문자 정보만이 유용한 분야가 존재한다. 본 연구의 응용분야 적용을 위해서는 가스계량기 사진 내의 많은 문자 정보 중에서 관심 대상인 기물 번호 및 가스 사용량 정보만을 선별적으로 검출하고 인식하는 관심 문자열 인식 기술이 필요하다. 관심 문자열 인식을 위해 CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) 심층 신경망 기반의 객체 검출 기술을 적용하여 이미지 내에서 가스 사용량 및 계량기 기물번호의 영역 정보를 추출하고, 추출된 문자열 영역 각각에 CRNN (Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network) 심층 신경망 기술을 적용하여 문자열 전체를 한 번에 인식하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 관심문자열 기술 구조는 총 3개의 심층 신경망으로 구성되어 있다. 첫 번째는 관심 문자열 영역을 검출하는 합성곱신경망이고, 두 번째는 관심 문자열 영역 내의 문자열 인식을 위해 영역 내의 이미지를 세로 열 별로 특징 추출하는 합성곱 신경망이며, 마지막 세 번째는 세로 열 별로 추출된 특징 벡터 나열을 문자열로 변환하는 시계열 분석 신경망이다. 관심 문자열은 12자리 기물번호 및 4 ~ 5 자리 사용량이며, 인식 정확도는 각각 0.960, 0.864 이다. 전체 시스템은 Amazon Web Service 에서 제공하는 클라우드 환경에서 구현하였으며 인텔 제온 E5-2686 v4 CPU 및 Nvidia TESLA V100 GPU를 사용하였다. 1일 70만 건의 검침 요청을 고속 병렬 처리하기 위해 마스터-슬레이브 처리 구조를 채용하였다. 마스터 프로세스는 CPU 에서 구동되며, 모바일 기기로 부터의 검침 요청을 입력 큐에 저장한다. 슬레이브 프로세스는 문자열 인식을 수행하는 심층 신경망으로써, GPU에서 구동된다. 슬레이브 프로세스는 입력 큐에 저장된 이미지를 기물번호 문자열, 기물번호 위치, 사용량 문자열, 사용량 위치 등으로 변환하여 출력 큐에 저장한다. 마스터 프로세스는 출력 큐에 저장된 검침 정보를 모바일 기기로 전달한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.80-81
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• 2012

Recently, one of the critical issues in the etching processes of the nanoscale devices is to achieve ultra-high aspect ratio contact (UHARC) profile without anomalous behaviors such as sidewall bowing, and twisting profile. To achieve this goal, the fluorocarbon plasmas with major advantage of the sidewall passivation have been used commonly with numerous additives to obtain the ideal etch profiles. However, they still suffer from formidable challenges such as tight limits of sidewall bowing and controlling the randomly distorted features in nanoscale etching profile. Furthermore, the absence of the available plasma simulation tools has made it difficult to develop revolutionary technologies to overcome these process limitations, including novel plasma chemistries, and plasma sources. As an effort to address these issues, we performed a fluorocarbon surface kinetic modeling based on the experimental plasma diagnostic data for silicon dioxide etching process under inductively coupled C4F6/Ar/O2 plasmas. For this work, the SiO2 etch rates were investigated with bulk plasma diagnostics tools such as Langmuir probe, cutoff probe and Quadruple Mass Spectrometer (QMS). The surface chemistries of the etched samples were measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer. To measure plasma parameters, the self-cleaned RF Langmuir probe was used for polymer deposition environment on the probe tip and double-checked by the cutoff probe which was known to be a precise plasma diagnostic tool for the electron density measurement. In addition, neutral and ion fluxes from bulk plasma were monitored with appearance methods using QMS signal. Based on these experimental data, we proposed a phenomenological, and realistic two-layer surface reaction model of SiO2 etch process under the overlying polymer passivation layer, considering material balance of deposition and etching through steady-state fluorocarbon layer. The predicted surface reaction modeling results showed good agreement with the experimental data. With the above studies of plasma surface reaction, we have developed a 3D topography simulator using the multi-layer level set algorithm and new memory saving technique, which is suitable in 3D UHARC etch simulation. Ballistic transports of neutral and ion species inside feature profile was considered by deterministic and Monte Carlo methods, respectively. In case of ultra-high aspect ratio contact hole etching, it is already well-known that the huge computational burden is required for realistic consideration of these ballistic transports. To address this issue, the related computational codes were efficiently parallelized for GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) computing, so that the total computation time could be improved more than few hundred times compared to the serial version. Finally, the 3D topography simulator was integrated with ballistic transport module and etch reaction model. Realistic etch-profile simulations with consideration of the sidewall polymer passivation layer were demonstrated.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.937-942
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• 2013

유체 내에서 발생된 음파 또는 초음파가 반사벽에 의해 반대방향으로 진행하면서 일정한 파동을 형성하는 음파를 음향정재파(acoustic standing wave)라고 한다. 본 연구에서는 주파수 1.0 MHz와 2.0 MHz의 음향정재파 발생모듈을 설치한 연속식의 입자분리장치에서, 유입수의 층류(laminar flow)를 고려하여, 수리학적체류시간(HRT) 변화에 따른 입자분리 특성을 살펴보았다. 정재파 가동에 다른 입자분리장치 내의 수온은 $1.3{\sim}2.8^{\circ}C$ 정도 증가하였으나 정재파 형성에 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 주파수 1.0 MHz 가동 시 HRT 1시간에서 2시간, 4시간으로 길어짐에 따라 입자분리 효율(탁도)은 각각 64.1%, 70.0%, 74.3%로, 2.0 MHz에는 HRT에 따라 각각 58.0%, 61.8%, 70.7%로 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 동일한 주파수일 경우 HRT에 따라 처리효율이 10% 이상 차이가 발생하고 있으며, 1.0 MHz 주파수에서는 2시간, 2.0 MHz에서는 4시간 정도에서 70% 이상의 처리효율을 유지할 수 있다. 주파수 1.0 MHz와 2.0 MHz를 동시에 가동한 결과, HRT 1시간, 2시간, 4시간에서의 입자 분리 효율은 각각 63.8%, 70.6%, 77.6% 나타나 연속된 정재파의 발생 보다는 HRT가 입자분리에 많은 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2014

KOSPI200 선물 트레이딩을 위해 업계에서는 여러 전략으로 포트폴리오를 구성해서 운용한다. 동일한 전략 모음을 갖고 있더라도 포트폴리오를 어떻게 구성하느냐에 따라 수익은 크게 차이가 난다. 시장 상황에 맞는 전략들로 포트폴리오를 구성하는 것은 오랜 경험과 탁월한 노하우가 있어야하는 어려운 작업이다. 본 논문에서는 SVM을 활용하여 쉽고 빠르게 적절한 전략 포트폴리오를 구성하는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템의 성과는 벤치마킹의 성과와 비교하여 2배 이상의 수익을 내는 것을 확인하였다. 1990.01.03~2011.11.04 동안의 KOSPI200 데이터 중 이전 80%의 데이터로 학습을 하고 최근 20%의 데이터로 성능을 시험하였다. 각 전략별로 선택여부를 판별하는 SVM모델을 만들고 그 결과를 바탕으로 포트폴리오를 구성하였다. 벤치마킹을 위해 KOSPI200 선물을 2계약 매수한 경우의 수익, 시험 시작 직전 30일간 최고 수익을 낸 2개 전략의 수익, 실제 최고 수익을 낸 전략 2개를 보유했을 때의 수익과 비교하였다. 매매 비용을 반영하지 않을 때는 벤치마킹은 132.2~510.37pt의 수익을 냈고, 본 시스템은 1072.36~1140.91pt의 수익을 보여주었다. 그리고 거래비용을 감안하면 벤치마킹은 130.44~502.41pt의 수익을 냈고, 본 시스템은 706.22pt~768.95pt의 수익을 나타내었다. 본 논문은 기계학습을 통한 전략 포트폴리오를 구성하는 방안이 유의미하며 실전에 활용할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이를 바탕으로 여러 전략과 다양한 시장에 적용해서 안정성을 검증하면 견고한 상용 솔루션으로 발전시킬 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 자금관리 기법을 더 반영한다면 수익을 더욱 크게 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1999년도 The 7th Summer Workshop of the Membrane Society of Korea
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• pp.39-42
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• 1999

Perfluoropolymers represent the ultimate resistance to hostile chemical environments and high service temperature, attributed to the presence of fluorine in the polymer backbone, i.e. to the high bond energy of C-F and C-C bonds of fluorocarbons. Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene (TEE) and 2, 2, 4Trifluoro-5Trifluorometoxy- 1, 3Dioxole (TTD), commercially known as HYFLON AD, are amorphous perfluoropolymers with glass transition temperature (Tg)higher than room temperature, showing a thermal decomposition temperature exceeding 40$0^{\circ}C$. These polymer systems are highly soluble in fluorinated solvents, with low solution viscosities. This property allows the preparation of self-supported and composite membranes with desired membrane thickness. Symmetric and asymmetric perfluoropolymer membranes, made with HYFLON AD, have been prepared and evaluated. Porous and not porous symmetric membranes have been obtained by solvent evaporation with various processing conditions. Asymmetric membranes have been prepared by th wet phase inversion method. Measure of contact angle to distilled water have been carried out. Figure 1 compares experimental results with those of other commercial membranes. Contact angles of about 120$^{\circ}$for our amorphous perfluoropolymer membranes demonstrate that they posses a high hydrophobic character. Measure of contact angles to hexandecane have been also carried out to evaluate the organophobic character. Rsults are reported in Figure 2. The observed strong organophobicity leads to excellent fouling resistance and inertness. Porous membranes with pore size between 30 and 80 nanometers have shown no permeation to water at pressures as high as 10 bars. However high permeation to gases, such as O2, N2 and CO2, and no selectivities were observed. Considering the porous structure of the membrane, this behavior was expected. In consideration of the above properties, possible useful uses in th field of gas- liquid separations are envisaged for these membranes. A particularly promising application is in the field of membrane contactors, equipments in which membranes are used to improve mass transfer coefficients in respect to traditional extraction and absorption processes. Gas permeation properties have been evaluated for asymmetric membranes and composite symmetric ones. Experimental permselectivity values, obtained at different pressure differences, to various single gases are reported in Tab. 1, 2 and 3. Experimental data have been compared with literature data obtained with membranes made with different amorphous perfluoropolymer systems, such as copolymers of Perfluoro2, 2dimethyl dioxole (PDD) and Tetrafluorethylene, commercialized by the Du Pont Company with the trade name of Teflon AF. An interesting linear relationship between permeability and the glass transition temperature of the polymer constituting the membrane has been observed. Results are descussed in terms of polymer chain structure, which affects the presence of voids at molecular scale and their size distribution. Molecular Dyanmics studies are in progress in order to support the understanding of these results. A modified Theodoru- Suter method provided by the Amorphous Cell module of InsightII/Discover was used to determine the chain packing. A completely amorphous polymer box of about 3.5 nm was considered. Last but not least the use of amorphous perfluoropolymer membranes appears to be ideal when separation processes have to be performed in hostile environments, i.e. high temperatures and aggressive non-aqueous media, such as chemicals and solvents. In these cases Hyflon AD membranes can exploit the outstanding resistance of perfluoropolymers.

• 직업교육연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.131-153
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• 2016

NCS의 성공은 직업능력개발훈련 기관인증평가자의 역할과 역량에 달려 있다. 이 연구는 NCS기반 직업능력개발훈련 기관인증을 위한 평가자의 역할과 역량을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 델파이 기법을 적용하여 평가자의 구체적 역할을 다각적으로 탐색하고, 필요한 지식과 기술, 태도 그리고 특성을 도출하여 그 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 교육훈련 전문가와 심사평가 전문가를 패널로 선정하여 3차에 걸친 델파이 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 평가자의 역할은 총 8개로 운영자, 조정 중재자, 협력자, 분석가, 검증가, 기관평가자, 기관컨설턴트, 학습자로 분류되었고, 각 역할에 따른 역량은 총 25개로 도출되었다. 지식 영역은 HRD 지식, NCS 지식, 직업능력개발훈련 지식, 훈련기관인증평가 지식의 총 4개의 역량이 포함되었다. 기술 영역은 갈등관리 능력, 대인관계 능력, 문서작성 능력, 문제해결 능력, 분석 능력, 사전준비 능력, 시간관리 능력, 의사결정 능력, 정보이해 활용 능력, 종합적사고 능력, 직업훈련기관에 대한 이해 능력, 커뮤니케이션 능력, 피드백 능력, 핵심파악 능력의 총 14개의 역량으로 구성되었다. 태도영역은 객관성 및 공정성, 서비스 마인드, 소명의식, 윤리의식, 자기개발, 책임감, 팀워크의 총 7개로 정리됐다. 이 연구의 결과로 도출된 역할과 역량은 평가자가 일정한 요건을 갖추어 공정하고 체계적으로 인증평가할 수 있도록 평가자 대상 교육프로그램을 설계하고 운영하는 데 유용할 것이다. 특히, 평가자의 경험과 역할에 따라 기초교육 및 향상 교육을 실시할 수 있도록 역량별 교육 프로그램을 모듈별로 설계하고, 지속적으로 평가자의 품질을 관리하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2024

최근 수중표적의 저소음화와 해상교통량의 증가로 인한 주변 소음의 증가로 능동 소나 시스템의 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 하지만 신호의 다중 경로를 통한 전파, 다양한 클러터와 주변 소음 및 잔향 등으로 인한 반향신호의 낮은 신호대잡음비는 능동 소나를 통한 수중 표적 식별을 어렵게 만든다. 최근 수중 표적 식별 시스템의 성능을 향상 시키기 위해 머신러닝 혹은 딥러닝과 같은 데이터 기반의 방법을 적용시키려는 시도가 있지만, 소나 데이터셋의 특성 상 훈련에 충분한 데이터를 모으는 것이 어렵다. 부족한 능동 소나 데이터를 보완하기 위해 수학적 모델링에 기반한 방법이 주로 활용되어오고 있다. 그러나 수학적 모델링에 기반한 방법론은 복잡한 수중 현상을 정확하게 모의하는 데에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 심층 신경망 기반의 소나 신호 합성 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 인공지능 모델을 소나 신호 합성 분야에 적용하기 위해, 음성 합성 분야에서 주로 사용되는 타코트론 모델의 주요 모듈인 주의도 기반의 인코더 및 디코더를 소나 신호에 적절하게 수정하였다. 실제 해상 환경에 모의 표적기를 배치해 수집한 데이터셋을 사용하여 제안하는 모델을 훈련시킴으로써 보다 실제 신호와 유사한 신호를 합성해낼 수 있게 된다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 검증하기 위해, 합성된 음파 신호의 스펙트럼을 직접 분석을 진행하여 비교하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 오디오 품질 인지적 평가(Perceptual Quality of Audio Quality, PEAQ)인지적 성능 검사를 실시하여 총 4개의 서로 다른 환경에서 생성된 반사 신호들에 대해 원본과 비교해 그 차이가 최소 -2.3이내의 높은 성적을 보여주었다. 이는 본 논문에서 제안한 방법으로 생성한 능동 소나 신호가 보다 실제 신호에 근사한다는 것을 입증한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.