• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.291-322
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• 1999

The world of today faces a radical change, a new revolution, by the spread of the Internet. It is used not only for advertising but also for the exclusive rights in the field of information and communication, in add to the way of developing everyday our lives with world news, home-shopping, on-line education and so on. Actually, since the Internet Domain's Name(IDN) is unique over the world, the individual and the companies which provide information through the Internet have a keen competition to make a good IDN to memorize and organize all available information provided them. As a result, there are an increasing number of the cases where one company files suit against another for the validity of it's IDN so the policy to arbitrate and solute the cases is required. This paper is going to introduce the structure and the system of management for IDN. It will also discuss the efficient management of IDN, various case analysis of the dispute restraint and solutions, and the movement of improving the management procedure of IDN in WIPO. So we suggest to examine common disputes among IDN uses and solution methods for future problem at EC times. Therefore we have to establish the dispute solution system. Here are the two methods : one is that to establish a dispute solution organization. This organization which can conduct the new dispute solution procedure differs from the existing legislation system. The other is that to establish a dispute solution procedure i.e. the various dispute solution procedure for efficient dispute solution : council, inspection, mediation and arbitration. This procedure is conducted on-line due to features of the IDN disputes, also along with the current legislation system and the International dispute solution procedure. Because there is possibility the IDN disputes usually are connected with other countries. As there is no specific disputes solution procedure so far, we have to wait while development occurs that also striving to be coherent with and between the domestic and International solution procedure by helping to establish the International dispute solution procedure.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.569-576
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• 2011

In this paper a new analysis procedure for evaluation of progressive collapse resisting capacity of a structure was proposed based on the nonlinear static analysis procedure. The proposed procedure produces analysis results identical to those obtained by the linear static analysis procedure specified in the GSA guidelines without iteration, therefore saving a lot of computation time and excluding the possibility of human errors during the procedure. To verify the validity of the proposed procedure, the two methods were applied to the analysis of a reinforced concrete moment frame and a steel braced frame subjected to loss of a first story column and the results were compared. According to the analysis results, the two methods produce identical results in the prediction of progressive collapse and the hinge formation. As iterative analysis is not required in the proposed method, significant amount of analysis time is saved in the proposed analysis procedure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

Background: Symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with significant carotid artery stenosis (range, 70% to 99%) generally undergo either carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) to prevent stroke. In this study, we evaluated the cost effectiveness of these two treatment modalities. Methods: A total of 47 patients (mean age, $67.1{\pm}9.1$ years; male, 87.2%) undergoing either CEA (n=28) or CAS (n=19) for the treatment of significant carotid artery stenosis were enrolled in this study. Hospitalization costs were subdivided into three parts, namely pre-procedure, procedure and resource, and post-procedure costs. Results: Total hospitalization costs were similar in both groups of CEA and CAS (6,377 thousand won [TW] vs. 6,703 TW, p=0.255); however, the total cost minus the pre-procedure cost was higher in the CAS group than in the CEA group (4,948 TW vs. 5,941 TW, p<0.0001). The pre-procedure cost of the CEA group was higher than that of the CAS group (1,429 TW vs. 762 TW, p<0.0001). However, the procedure and resource cost was higher in the CAS group because the resource cost was approximately three times higher in the CAS group than in the CEA group. The post-procedure cost was higher in the CEA group because hospital stays were approximately two times longer. Conclusion: The total hospitalization cost was not different between the CEA and the CAS groups. The pre-procedure cost was high in the CEA group, but the cost from procedure onset to discharge, including the resource cost, was significantly lower in this group.

• (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.215-234
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• 2008

This study investigates the effect of cloze procedure using either cartoons or texts on academic interests and reading achievements. Three equivalent classes were selected from an 1st grade in elementary school in terms of academic interests and reading achievements. While two experimental conditions used cloze procedure either with cartoons or texts during 15 lessons, the control condition used a traditional reading procedure. The results indicated that cloze procedure with cartoons enhanced academic interests in reading only for low achievement participants. Cloze procedure condition also outperformed the control condition on both immediate and delayed dictation test. In particular, cloze procedure with cartoons were quite effective for low achievement participants. Lastly, both types of cloze procedure facilitated overall comprehension test score, specifically inferential understanding test score but not factual understanding test score. Based on these findings, the types of text and learning strategy to improve academic interests and reading-related achievements were discussed.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2019

Background and Objectives High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been developed as an effective, non-invasive, skin-tightening method in response to the increasing demand for improvements in skin laxity and tightening with minimal risk and recovery time. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of HIFU for non-invasive skin tightening of crow's feet wrinkles, with the aim of determining how long the tightening can be maintained. Materials and Methods Between January and March 2019, 21 female patients with crow's feet wrinkles were treated with HIFU. The treatment involved 200 shots, three times every 2 weeks. Three blinded, experienced plastic surgeons and patients evaluated satisfaction at 2 weeks after the first procedure, 2 weeks after the second procedure, 2 weeks after the third procedure, and 6 weeks after the first procedure based on photographs according to the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). The Friedman test was used to compare data. Results Of the 21 patients treated using HIFU, one was lost to follow-up for nonstudy-related reasons. Therefore, 20 patients were evaluated and ranged in age from 28 to 48 years. Plastic surgeons' GAIS scores were 2.6, 2.3, 1.7, and 1.3 and patients' GAIS scores were 2.6, 2.2, 1.8, and 1.4 at 2 weeks after the first procedure, 2 weeks after the second procedure, 2 weeks after the third procedure, and 6 weeks after the third procedure. No serious adverse effects were observed. Conclusion The aging face with crow's feet wrinkles can be improved by using HIFU, while minimizing epidermal and dermal injury.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.191-207
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• 2024

Many studies have been conducted to quickly detect out-of-control situations in autocorrelated processes. The most traditionally used method is a residual control chart, which uses residuals calculated from a fitted time series model. However, many procedures for monitoring autocorrelated processes using statistical learning methods have recently been proposed. In this paper, we propose a monitoring procedure using the latent vector of LSTM Autoencoder, a deep learning-based unsupervised learning method. We compare the performance of this procedure with the LSTM Autoencoder procedure based on the reconstruction error, the RNN classification procedure, and the residual charting procedure through simulation studies. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed procedure and the RNN classification procedure are similar, but the proposed procedure has the advantage of being useful in processes where sufficient out-of-control data cannot be obtained, because it does not require out-of-control data for training.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2007

Purpose: We try to retrospectively analyze the clinical results of the modified Chrisman-Snook procedure for chronic ankle instability. Materials and Methods: From November 1997 to April 2006, thirty-one patients who underwent modified Chrisman-Snook procedure for chronic ankle instability were analyzed. All patients were male and the mean age was 31 years. The follow-up period averaged 48 months. We evaluated the clinical results measured by Hasegawa method. Results: Among them, there were soldiers in 11, socker players in 6, patients who weigh more 80 kg in 5. And there were 9 patients who previously underwent modified Brostrom procedure for chronic ankle instability. The clinical results were rated as excellent in 29, fair in 2 who did not cooperate with postoperative rehabilitation program. There were complications of 2 cases of irritation of the sural nerve and recurrence respectively, 1 case of wound problem. Conclusion: Our results show that the modified Chrisman-Snook procedure is effective treatment method for patients with high-performance athlete/soldier or failed modified Brostrom procedure.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.107-115
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• 2005

For effective IP based service implementation on the wireless network environments, wireless network including the ITS network have to support QoS guaranteed protocol such as a RSVP. RSVP is a resource reservation protocol for Internet environment, and its scalability makes easy to implement RSVP over the various IP transport technologies. But for the If based ITS wireless network environment, RSVP is not suitable, since by its path setup procedure characteristic. In the wireless access network for ITS service, when a mobile node moves to other domain it must perform registration procedure. But the registration procedure is time consuming steps, so if a RSVP session was already established in the previous domain, the RSYP session may be disconnected and the time to re establish a new RSVP session is long enough to cause serious packet loss. In this paper, we propose a pre-path reservation mechanism for applying the RSVP in wireless access networks for ITS. In the pre-path reservation mechanism, the resource reservation procedure occurred during a mobile node's handoff time. An access point in wireless access network performs this procedure when the mobile node attempts handoff The access point executes pre-path reservation procedure as a proxy, since the mobile node does not have IP address until the address allocation procedure is finished in a new domain.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 1993

This paper proposes a new procedure carrying out a series of consolidated-undrained triaxial tests with a specimen. In this procedure high confining pressure applied to the specimen keeps constant during the test and each stage of consolidation can be controlled by partial drainage. With this procedure the test time is remarkably reduced by performing a series of triaxial tests with a single specimen. In order to verify the appliesbility of the procedure, standard triaxial compression tests and conventional multi -stage triaxial testy are performed for both undisturbed and disturbed samples and the results are compared with those of the proposed procedure. The comparison shows that strength parameters determined by the proposed procedure are well agreed with those of the other tests and thus it can be said that the procedure is very effective and practical in determining strength parameters.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.177-200
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• 2013

Recently, many international arbitration institutions have responded to the business requirements of their users and have revised their rules to enhance the time and cost efficiency. Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (KCAB) revised the international arbitration rule in 2011, introducing new arbitration mechanisms like the expedited procedure. Also other Asian arbitration institutions introduced the expedited procedure in their international arbitration rules. Now expedited procedures are regarded as a very attractive system in the field of international arbitration. Accordingly, this paper reviewed the expedited procedures of four Asian countries, including China(CIETAC), Hong Kong (HKIAC), Singapore(SIAC) and Korea(KCAB). The purpose of this study is to find out meaningful implications to improve the Korean system. Based on this review, some recommendations are suggested as follows. First, the scope of the expedited procedure has to be adjusted upward than the current 200 million won. Second, there should be a fee schedule only for the expedited procedure. Third, in case of small amount international disputes, written examination should be more used in the expedited procedure. Finally, KCAB should make strong efforts to improve the awareness and usage of the expedited procedure in Korea.