• Title/Summary/Keyword: ProFile

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IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ACCURACY AND CONSISTENCY OF FOUR DIFFERENT ELECTRONIC APEX LOCATORS (4종 전자근관장측정기의 정확성과 일관성에 관한 in vitro 연구)

  • Cho, Jae-Hyun;Kum, Kee-Yeon;Lee, Seung-Jong
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.390-397
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the consistency of four different electronic apex locators in an in vitro model. Fourty extracted premolars were used for the study. Four electronic apex locators (EAL) were Root ZX, Smarpex, Elements Diagnostic Unit (EDU), and E-Magic Finder Deluxe (EMF). After access preparation, the teeth were embedded in an alginate model and the length measurements were carried out at '0.5' and 'Apex' mark using four EALs. The file was cemented at the location of the manufacturers' instruction (Root ZX, EDU, EMF: 0.5 mark, SmarPex: Apex mark). The apical 4mm of the apex was exposed and the distance from the file tip to the major foramen was measured by Image ProPlus (${\times}100$). The distance from the file tip to the major foramen was calculated at 0.5 and Apex mark and the consistency of 0.5 and Apex mark was compared by SD and Quartile of Box plots. In this study, Root ZX and EMF located the apical constriction accurately within ${\pm}0.5 mm$ in 100%, whereas SmarPex and EDU located in 90% and in 70% respectively. For Root ZX and EMF, there was no significant difference between the consistency of 0.5 and Apex mark. However, for the EDU and SmarPex, Apex mark was more consistent than 0.5 mark. From the evaluation of the consistency in this study, for Root ZX and EMF, both 0.5 and Apex mark can be used as a standard mark. And for EDU and SmarPex, the Apex mark can be recommended to be used as a standard mark.

A study on the development of an IGES translator (IGES Translator의 개발에 관한 연구)

  • 박준철;최병규
    • Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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    • 1995.04a
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    • pp.617-628
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    • 1995
  • 본 논문에서는 상용화된 이 기종 CAD/CAM 시스템간의 CAD 데이타 교환기능을 가지는 IGES Translator 시스템의 구조를 제안한다. 제품생산의 여러 단계에서 CAD/CAM의 사용이 보편화되어감에 따라 상용 CAD/CAM 시스템들은 응용분야에 맞는 특수한 도구로 사용되는 경향이 생겨났다. 예를 들어, ALIAS는 주로 스타일링 디자인에, I-DEAS와 PRO/ENGINEER는 엔지니어링 디자인에, EUCLID는 금형 디자인에, 그리고 OMEGA와 Z-MASTER는 NC 공구경로생성에 주로 사용되고 있다. CAD 데이타 교환을 위해 제안된 중립파일형식(Neutral File Format)중에서, IGES(Initial Graphics Exchange Specification)는 대부분의 상용 CAD/CAM 시스템에서 지원을 하고 있으며 가장 널리 쓰이는 파일형식이다. 그런데, IGES를 통한 CAD 데이타 교환은 다음과 같은 문제점들을 가지고 있다. 즉, patch의 사라짐, 경계곡선의 왜곡, patch의 overlap 또는 gap, trimming error, 곡면각의 꺾임각도 등이 그것이다. 이 논문의 목적은 이러한 문제점들을 해결할 수 있는 범용 IGES Translator를 개발하는데 있다. 이 논문의 주요한 기여 내용은 다음과 같다. 1) 주요 상용 CAD/CAM 시스템의 IGES Interface 기능의 비교 분석, 2) 주요 상용 IGES Translator의 기능 분석, 3) 사용자의 기능적 요구사항의 분석, 4) 사용자 관점 및 시스템 관점에서의 IGES Translator의 구조 제안, 5) Prototype IGES Translator의 개발 및 테스트 결과 제시.

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FREE SURFACE FLOW ANALYSIS BY SOROBAN GRID BASED CIP MEHTOD (Soroban grid 기반 CIP법을 이용한 자유표면 유동해석)

  • Im, H.N.
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.05a
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    • pp.326-334
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    • 2010
  • In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of the CIP(Constrained Interpolation Pro file/Cubic Interpolated Propagation) method with a pressure-based algorithm that is known as a general numerical solver for soled liquid, gas and plasmas. And also we introduce a body-fitted grid system(Soroban grid) for computation of strongly nonlinear marine hydrodynamic problems such as slamming water on deck, wave impact by green water. This grid system can keep the third-order accuracy in time and space with the help of the CIP method. The grid system consists of the straight lines and grid points. In the 2-dimensional grid case, each grid points moving in these lines like abacus - Soroban in Japanese. The length of each line can be different and the number of grid points in each line can be different. Mesh generation and searching of upstream departure point are very simple and possible to mesh-free treatment. To optimize computation of free-surface and multi-fluid flows, We adopt the C-CUP method. In most of the earlier computations, the C-CUP method was used with a staggered-grid approach. Here, because of the mesh free nature of the Soroban grid, we use the C-CUP method with a collocated-grid approach.

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The Effect of indoor illuminance depends on direction of the side windows lighting (측창채광의 방향에 따른 실내조도의 영향)

  • Cho, Shee-Man;Kim, Won-Joong;Jang, Woo-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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    • 2004.05a
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    • pp.253-260
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    • 2004
  • 실내의 조명은 자연채광방식과 인공조명으로 나누어지는데 자연형 채광방식에서도 측창채광과 천창채광, 정 측창채광 그리고 반사 채광방식이 있다. 측창채광은 벽면에 대하여 일반적으로 연직인 창에 의한 채광을 말한다. 측창채광의 방향에 따라 실내조도는 영향을 많이 받는다. 따라서 본 연구는 측창채광의 동서남북의 방향에 따라 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울의 계절에 따라 아침, 점심, 저녁시간대에 따라 변화되는 실내조도를 알아보았다. 실험방법은, 조명시뮬레이션 프로그램인 Lightscape V3.2를 사용하여 교실공간의 치수와 작업면의 높이를 가로 5.8[m], 세로 10.8[m], 높이 3[m], 작업면의 높이 0.75[m]로 정하였고, 각 시설물의 반사율[p]은 벽 80%, 창문 12%, 출입문 13%, 바닥 20%, 천장 85%로 지정하였으며 창문의 투과율은 88%로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서 측정하고자 하는 변수 값은 계절은 여름을 6월20일, 겨울은 1월20일 기준으로 하고 시간대는 09시, 13시, 18시로 하였으며 창측방위는 동, 서, 남, 북으로 정하였으며 계절과 시간은 가장 차이가 많이 나는 값을 선택하였다. 결론으로 창이 남쪽일 때 평균조도가 9,100[lx]로 가장 높았고, 시간별로는 점심에 19,590[lx]로 조도가 가장 높은 것을 알 수 있었고 조도 균제도는 창이 동쪽일 때 겨울에 가장 높았다. 창이 북쪽일 때는 여름이 겨울보다 평균조도가 약간 높았고, 시간별로는 아침에 조도가 약간 높은 것을 알 수 있었고 전체적으로 북쪽 창에서 실내조도가 현저하게 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과로 측창의 브라인드를 현재 사용하고 있는 수직 브라인드 대신에 수평 브라인드를 사용하여 주광의 범위를 넓게 조절하여 사용하게 하고, 점등제어를 현재 측창면과 수직으로 되어있는 배열을 수평으로 한다면 자연채광의 효과를 배가 할 수 있으리라고 사료된다. 미백 전, 미백후, 재광화 후 미세경도 변화 양상이 미백을 하지 않은 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았으며 (p > 0.05) 미백 전과 미백 후의 미세경도의 차이 미백후와 재광화 후의 미세경도의 차이도 유의할 만한 차이가 없었다 (p > 0.05). 따라서 시중에 판매되고 있는 whitening strip과 미백 젤은 14일 동안의 통상적인 미백과정 동안 법랑질의 미세경도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다.able pitch와 helical angle보다는 근본적으로 radial land가 screw-in effect의 예방에 더 큰 역할을 하는 것으로 추정될 수 있다 따라서 NiTi file의 사용 경험이 없는 초심자의 경우 근단부 폭경의 유지능력이 좋은 ProFile$^{(R)}$의 사용이 추천된다.)되었다.였으나 강남콩군 외에는 단백질의 소화 흡수율 및 효율은 크게 향상되지 않아 단백질의 소화 흡수율을 떨어뜨리는 요인에 관한 연구가 집중적 으로 이루어져야 하리라고 생각된다.면 바로 위 지점의 풍속을 측정하였다. 각 Seeding 물질에 대해 팬을 켜지 않았을 때, 즉 바람의 영향이 없을 때 측정한 표면유속을 바람의 세기가 변한 경우의 기준 표면유속으로 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과 비중이 0.01 내외인 Ecofoam과 white polystyrene에 비해 비중이 0.92인 black polypropylene은 대부분이 물속에 잠겨 있어 흐름과 거의 일치하여 움직임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 흐름의 평균유속이 0.165 m/s의 저유속에서 바람이 tracers에 미치는 영향이 평균유속 0.558m/s인 경우보다 커서, 바람의 세기의 증가에 따라 표면유속 측정값이 급속히 감소되었다. 흐름의 평균유속이 큰 경우에는 바람이 tracer에 마치는 영향이 현격히 줄어듬을 보이고 있다. 결론적으로 유속이 증가함에 따라 바람의 영향은 감소하나, 바

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Influence of taper on the screw-in effect of nickel-titanium rotary files in simulated resin root canal (모형 레진근관에서 니켈-티타늄 전동 파일의 경사도가 screw-in effect에 미치는 영향)

  • Sung, Hye-Jin;Ha, Jung-Hong;Kim, Sung-Kyo
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.380-386
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    • 2010
  • Objectives: The introduction of nickel-titanium alloy endodontic instruments has greatly simplified shaping the root canal systems. However, these new instruments have several unexpected disadvantages. One of these is tendency to screw into the canal. In this study, the influence of taper on the screw-in effect of the Ni-Ti rotary instrument were evaluated. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 simulated root canals with an S-shaped curvature in clear resin blocks were divided into two groups. ProFile .02, .04, .06 (Dentsply-Maillefer) and GT rotary files .08, .10, .12 (Dentsply) were used in Profile group, and K3 .04, .06, .08, .10, and .12 (SybronEndo, Glendora) were used in K3 group. Files were used with a single pecking motion at a constant speed of 300 rpm. A special device was made to measure the force of screw-in effect. A dynamometer of the device recorded the screwin force during simulated canal preparation and the recorded data was stored in computer with designed software. The data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple range test for post-hoc test. p value of less than 0.05 was regarded significant. Results: The more tapered instruments generated more screw-in forces in Profile group (p < 0.05). In K3 group, 0.08, 0.10. and 0.12 tapered instruments showed more screw-in force than 0.04 tapered one, and 0.08 and 0.12 tapered instruments showed more screw-in force than 0.06 tapered one (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The more tapered instruments seems to produce more screw-in force. To avoid this screw-in force during instrumentation, more attention may be needed when using more tapered instruments.

THE EFFECTS OF ND:YAG LASER AND IRRIGANTS ON CANAL SEALING ABILITY (근관치료시 Nd:YAG Laser 사용과 세척액에 따른 치근단 폐쇄효과의 비교)

  • Kim, Jin-Woon;Lee, Hee-Ju;Hur, Bock
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.307-315
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    • 2001
  • The application of Nd:YAG laser and irrigants to the root surface can change its surface configurations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Nd:YAG laser and irrigants on the apical seal of obturated canals. In this study, 66 single rooted teeth were randomly assigned to 4 group of 14 teeth each. 8 teeth were served us positive and negative controls. The teeth were divided into 6 groups as follows. Group A: Nd:YAG laser, 5% NaOCl + Rc-prep Group B: Nd:YAG laser, Saline Group C: 5% NaOCl + Rc-prep Group D: Saline Group E: Positive control Group F: Negative control 66 teeth were instrumented using Maillefer ProFile$^{\circledR}$ (Orifice Shapers, .04 taper, .06 taper Dentsply, Switzerland). Two of each group were selected at random, and the canal wall surfaces were examined under a SEM. 12 teeth of each group were obturated using by lateral condensation technique. Specimens were immersed in india ink for 7days, decalcified by 10% nitric acid, dehydrated by 75. 80. 85, 90, 95 and 100% alcohol in order cleared by methyl salicylate and then measured of dye penetration with stereomicroscope($\times$15 magnification) and Image Pro plus. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA test and Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results were as follows : 1. The mean leakage was 0.128$\pm$0.376 for group A, 0.237$\pm$0.325 for group B, 0.397$\pm$0.468 for group C, 0.586$\pm$0.402 for group D, and there were statistically significant differences between group A and group D, group B and group D. (p<0.05). 2. Group A had better sealing ability than Group C, but there was statistically no significant differences. (p>0.05). 3. Group B had better sealing ability than Group D and there was statistically significant difference. (p<0.05). 4 Group A had better sealing ability than Group B, but there was statistically no significant difference. (p>0.05). 5. Group C had better sealing ability than Group D, but there was statistically no significant difference. (p>0.05). 6. As a result of observation under SEM, Smear layers were removed in Group A, B. but Smear layers were partially removed and smear plugs were remained in Group C, Smear layers were not removed in Group D. To be specially, Melting of smear layer were showed in Group C. 7. These results suggests that the laser has a potential in reducing the apical microleakage of obturated canals.

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SPECIFIC ANALYSIS OF WEB CAMERA AND HIGH RESOLUTION PLANETARY IMAGING (웹 카메라의 특성 분석 및 고해상도 행성촬영)

  • Park, Young-Sik;Lee, Dong-Ju;Jin, Ho;Han, Won-Yong;Park, Jang-Hyun
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.453-464
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    • 2006
  • Web camera is usually used for video communication between PC, it has small sensing area, cannot using long exposure application, so that is insufficient for astronomical application. But web camera is suitable for bright planet, moon, it doesn't need long exposure time. So many amateur astronomer using web camera for planetary imaging. We used ToUcam manufactured by Phillips for planetary imaging and Registax commercial program for a video file combining. And then, we are measure a property of web camera, such as linearity, gain that is usually using for analysis of CCD performance. Because of using combine technic selected high quality image from video frame, this method on take higher resolution planetary imaging than one shot image by film, digital camera and CCD. We describe a planetary observing method and a video frame combine method.

A Color Compensation Algorithm using Reference Colors in the Device Independent Color Space (장치 독립적 컬러 공간에서 기준 컬러를 이용한 디지털 영상의 컬러 보정 알고리즘)

  • Lee, Seok-Han;Kim, Tae-Eun;Choi, Jong-Soo
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.569-578
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we describe the color reproduction system for color images captured by digital camera. The system uses a color compensation chart to estimate the transformation between the colors in the image and the reference colors in the chart. The color reproduction process consists of two steps, i.e., the profile creation process and the profile application process. During the pro-file creation process, the relationships between the captured colors and the ref-erence colors are estimated. And the system creates a color profile and embeds the estimation result in the profile. During the profile application process, the colors in the images which are captured under the same condition as that of the chart image are reproduced using the created color profile. To evaluate the per-formance of the system, we perform experiments under various conditions. And we compare the results with those of widely used commercial applications.

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COMPARISON OF THE INFLUENCE OF CANAL CURVATURE ON THE SEALING ABILITY OF LATERAL CONDENSATION AND SYSTEM BTM (측방가압법과 System BTM를 이용한 근관충전시 근관만곡도에 따른 폐쇄효과의 비교)

  • Lim, Dong-Yeul;Lee, Hee-Joo;Hur, Buck
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.482-489
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to compare sealing ability between lateral condensation and continuous wave of condensation in depend of root canal curvature. In this study, we divided fifty-six human molar teeth into two group in depend of Schneider method, and then subdivided them into four experimental group (each group is composed of twelve teeth) by canal curvature and obturation method, and eight teeth were served as positive and negative controls. Specimens were prepared by Quantac 2000 series file and obturated by lateral condensation or System B. Specimens were immersed in india ink for 7 days, decalcified by 10% nitric acid, dehydrated by 75, 95 and 100% alcohol in order, cleared by methyl salicylate and then measured of dye penetration with stereomicroscope(${\times}6.5$ magnification) and Image Pro plus. The data were analyzed stastically by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test. The data were as follows: 1. The mean leakage was $0.725{\pm}1.167$ for group A, $0.813{\pm}0.921$ for group B, $0.809{\pm}0.997$ for group C, $1.111{\pm}1.147$ for group D, but no significant difference among them(p>0.05). 2. Lateral condensation had better sealing ability than continuous wave of condensation, but no significant difference among them(p>0.05). 3. There was no significant difference between root canal curvature degree and microleakage(p>0.05).

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A micro-computed tomographic evaluation of root canal filling with a single gutta-percha cone and calcium silicate sealer

  • Kim, Jong Cheon;Moe, Maung Maung Kyaw;Kim, Sung Kyo
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.18.1-18.9
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the void of root canal filling over time when a calcium silicate sealer was used in the single gutta-percha cone technique. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four J-shaped simulated root canals and twenty-four palatal root canals from extracted human maxillary molars were instrumented with ProFile Ni-Ti rotary instruments up to size 35/0.06 or size 40/0.06, respectively. Half of the canals were filled with Endoseal MTA and the other half were with AH Plus Jet using the single gutta-percha cone technique. Immediately after and 4 weeks after the root canal filling, the samples were scanned using micro-computed tomography at a resolution of 12.8 ㎛. The scanned images were reconstructed using the NRecon software and the void percentages were calculated using the CTan software, and statistically analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance, paired t-test and Tukey post hoc test. Results: After 4 weeks, there were no significant changes in the void percentages at all levels in both material groups (p > 0.05), except at the apical level of the AH Plus Jet group (p < 0.05) in the simulated root canal showing more void percentage compared to other groups. Immediately after filling the extracted human root canals, the Endoseal MTA group showed significantly less void percentage compared to the AH Plus Jet group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Under the limitations of this study, the Endoseal MTA does not seem to reduce the voids over time.