• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2020

This work discusses the palm oil mill processing carried out at Jugra Palm Oil Mill Sdn Bhd, situated at Selangor, Malaysia with the capacity of 45-t fresh fruit bunch (FFB)/h. Typically, oil palm residues and palm oil mill effluent (POME) from FFB are generated while processing. Prior to discharge, POME should be treated to remove pollutants in the effluent. As such, the performances of anaerobic and aerobic ponds were assessed in this study to determine temperature, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), sludge volume index (SVI), and dissolved oxygen (DO). From the experiments, mesophilic temperature due to better process stability was applied in anaerobic ponds. The pH results displayed a fluctuating trend between lower control limit and upper control limit, and, the pH value increased from one pond to another. The final discharge BOD and SVI appeared to be lower than 100 mg/L and 10 mL/L indicating low degree of pollution and good settling ability for biomass/solid. DO was close to normal, mostly below 2 mg/L. The experimental outcomes revealed the effective treatability of POME in adherence to the standard regulation, which is the priority for environmental sustainability within this industry domain.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to understand the underlying dynamics for the share market bubbles in China during the most recent decade. By using the behavioral finance theory and the Shanghai Composite index prices during the periods from 2005 to 2008 and from 2014 to 2015 as the study samples, we find that the large volatilities in the Chinese share market are closely related to information blockage, which impedes share prices to timely respond to economic conditions as well as external shocks and increases (decreases) the demand of shares when the supply is difficult to adjust. Although the Chinese government has introduced a series of programs designed to increase more reliable information to the public, the share market still tends to confront issues of information asymmetry. The potential reason is that the reforms did not change the long-stand situation in China, where individuals or groups related to government bureaucracy who play a dominant role in the society are given priority to gain access and obtain information that benefits. By identifying the main reasons for the large volatilities in the market, policy makers are given advice as to which areas they may need to focus on to improve future market performance.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 접속 (connection)과 패킷의 두 레벨 (level)을 함께 고려하는 IEEE 802.16 망에서의 무선 자원 관리 큐잉 모델을 개발한다. 상위 레벨인 접속 레벨에서는 대역폭 가용여부와 서비스 클래스별 우선순위 큐를 사용하여 접속 수락제어를 모델링하고 하위 레벨인 패킷 전송은 서비스 클래스별 임계치와 현재 가용한 대역폭의 두 항목을 동시에 고려한 동적 대역폭 할당 방법을 모델링 한다. 계층 모델은 페트리 네트의 확장형인 SRN (Stochastic Reward Nets)을 이용하여 개발되며 802.16서비스 클래스별 트래픽에 대한 대역폭 활용률과 처리율을 성능지표로 모델에 대한 수치결과를 구한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.721-724
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• 2006

Among many sources of soil and water pollution, former mining regions also play an important role in distribution and scope of pollution. In response, KMRC has made an investigation into the status mine hazard at the abandoned metalliferous mine area in Korea. In this study, we analyzed distribution of mine hazards at abandoned metalliferous mines using GIS. We considered the distribution of mine hazards and its magnitude for each abandoned mine and displayed the mine hazard index (MHI) using GIS. We divided the MHI value for each mine into 5 classes, and displayed the first class as smallest point symbol and the last class as biggest point symbol. The biggest symbol shows the most serious status of mine hazards. This GIS function was included in the AMGIS system KMRS are running, and it would be helpful to make decision of reclamation priority at abandoned metalliferous mine area.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권3호
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• pp.415-419
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• 2013

산불로 인한 피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 대형산불 가능성이 있는 산불에 대해 초기 단계에서부터 진화자원을 집중해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산불 발생 초기에 대형화 여부를 판정할 수 있는 모형을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 132건의 산불에 대해 피해 규모를 현장조사하고, 발화지를 중심으로 100 ha 이내의 기상, 지형, 연료인자를 분석하였다. 그리고 분석 내용을 로지스틱 회귀식을 적용한 결과, 산불은 온도, 풍속, 무강우일수, 경사변이, 산림면적이 높을수록 대형화되었으며, 고도는 낮을수록 그 확률이 높았다. 본 모형을 사용하면 산불 발생 초기에 대형화 여부를 판단할 수 있으므로, 초기 진화자원의 규모와 지역 주민 대피 결정에 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 ATM 망에서의 효율적인 트래픽 제어를 위하여 언어적인 규칙과 퍼지 추론부로 구성되는 퍼지 로직에서 퍼지 규칙을 생성하였다. 퍼지 규칙 내부에 포함된 제어 파라메터들은 주어진 성능 함수를 최소화하도록 학습된다. 즉, 전체 트래픽 도착율과 버퍼의 점유율에 따라 퍼지집합 이론을 통하여 추론한 후 그 비퍼지화값으로 접속된 트래픽에 대해 서버에서의 서비스율을 제어하도록 하였다. 또한, 생성된 퍼지 규칙의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 MATLAB6.5에서와 온라인 빌드업으로 규칙에 대한 실험결과를 보인다. 그 결과, 전체 트래픽 도착율과 버퍼의 점유율에 따라 효율적으로 서버에서의 서비스율이 제어 됨을 확인하였다.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.505-524
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• 1987

Nowaday all the countries of the world have studied the various problems caused in operating their own ports efficiently. Ship delay in the port is attributal to the inefficient operation in the navigation aids, the cargo handling, the storage and transfer facilities, and to the inefficient allocation of gangs or to a bad service for ships. Among these elements the allocation of gangs is the predominating factor in minimizing ship's turn round time. At present, in the case of Pusan Port. the labour union and stevedoring companies allocate gangs in every hatches of ships by a rule of thumb, just placing emphasis on minimizing ship's turn round time, without applying the principle of allocation during the cargo handling. Owing to this the efficiency of the cargo handling could not be expected to be maximized and this unsystematic operation result in supplying human resources of much unnecessary surplus gangs. Therefore in this paper the optimal size and allocation of gangs for minimizing the ship's turn round time is studied and formularized. For the determination of the priority for allocation the evaluation function, namely $F=PHi^{n}{\times}(W+H)$, can be obtained; where, PHI : Principal Hatch Index W : Total Cargo Weight represented in Gang-Shifts H : Total Number of Ship's hatches and also for the optimal size of gangs the average number of gang allocated per shift (Ng), namely Ng=W/PHI, is used. The proposed algorithm is applied to Pusan Port and its validity is verified.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3873-3877
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• 2012

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both on the rise in Malaysia. A multi-centric case-control study was conducted from December 2009 to January 2011 to determine any relationship between the two. Methods: Patients with confirmed CRC based on colonoscopy findings and cancer free controls from five local hospitals were assessed for MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition. Each index case was matched for age, gender and ethnicity with two controls (140: 280). Results: MetS among cases was highly prevalent (70.7%), especially among women (68.7%). MetS as an entity increased CRC risk by almost three fold independently (OR=2.61, 95%CI=1.53-4.47). In men MetS increased the risk of CRC by two fold (OR=2.01, 95%CI, 1.43-4.56), demonstrating an increasing trend in risk with the number of Mets components observed. Conclusion: This study provides evidence fora positive association between the metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer. A prospective study on the Malaysian population is a high priority to confirm these findings.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.235-253
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• 2010

The export is an important economic growth strategy in South Korea. South Korea is strongly dependant on external trades. Bilateral trade between China and South Korea has been grown rapidly in recent years. The China is now Korea's first-largest trading partner. Thus, the Korea-China Free Trade Agrement (FTA) in South Korea's trade operations is very important. A discussion of Korea-China bilateral FTA commenced in 2004 November. This paper is to recognize the phenomenon of major issued fields in the Korea-China FTA such as a manufacturing, agriculture, customs and seek a negotiation strategy that are summarized as follows. In terms of trade based on manufacturing, it is necessary to divide into a private, general reduction and priority reduction item to recognize whether it is complementary or competitive on the specific industry in the FTA negotiation by using an index regarding supplement and competition of these two countries. In particularly sensitive agricultural field, FTA should be progressed gradually after giving a certain period of time of grace period on the basis of various flexible tariff systems in order to minimize agriculture damage as a result of the rapid growth from import of Chinese agricultural goods.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2019

Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate the expectation of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and assess the relationship between patient expectations and clinical and psychological characteristics. Methods: Eligibility was retrospectively assessed on 93 patients with BMS. A total of five questionnaires on patients' expectation for a visit, pain, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), cognition (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) and psychological distress (Symptom Checklist-90 revised) were measured. Results: Sixty-five patients were included in this study. The top 3 priorities of expectation for a treatment visit to the Department of Oral Medicine were as following; "I want my pain to be free"; "I want to understand why it hurts"; "I want to communicate better with doctors about pain". Patients with priority of pain relief showed poor sleep quality than patients who are more interested in the disease related information. Conclusions: To improve treatment outcomes of BMS, clinicians should improve their own understanding of patients who are suffering from BMS. Inquiring about the patient expectations may be one of them, and it would contribute to the enhancement of patients' overall well-being.