• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2013

Purpose - Studies of mechanism as a competitive strategy, a relatively new field in the study of strategic management research, has recently drawn the attention of the business management scholars. The literature has so far proposed the subjective-based view, environment-based view, and the resource-based view in its analyses of firm management. Hence, it is highly likely for the firm management to be reasonably thought of as a combination of and interaction among the three key elements of subject, environment, and resources this is the mechanism-based view (MBV). It is reasonable to consider firm management to be the combination of and interaction among the three key elements of subject, environment, and resources. The overall dynamic process that integrates these three elements and creates functional harmony is identified as the mechanism, the principle of firm management. Much of the extant literatures on MBV has mainly focused on case studies, a qualitative approach prone to subjectivity of the researcher, although the intuition from the study may lead to meaningful insights into a firm-specific mechanism. This study's focus is also on case analysis, but it still attempts a quantitative approach in order to reach a scientific and systematic understanding of the MBV. Research design, data, and methodology - I used both a qualitative and quantitative approach to a single model, given the complexity of the innovation processes. I conducted in-depth interviews with POSCO employees-20 from general management, two from human resources, eight from information technology, five from finance and accounting, and five from production and logistics management. Once the innovative events were selected, the interview results were double-checked by the interviewees themselves to ensure the accuracy of the answers recorded. Based on the interview, I then conducted statistical validation using the survey results as well. Results - This study analyzes the building process of innovation and the effect of the mechanism pattern on innovation by examining the case of POSCO, which has survived over the past 21 years. I apply a new analytical tool to study mechanism innovation types, perform a new classification, and describe the interrelationships among the mechanism factors. This process allows me to see how the "Subject"factor interacts with the other factors. I found that, in the innovation process of the adoption stage, Subject had a mediating effect but that the mediating effect of resource and performance was smaller than the effect of Subject on performance alone. During the implementation stage, the mediating effect of Subject increased. Conclusion - Therefore, I have confirmed that the subject utilizes resources reasonably and efficiently. I have also advanced mechanism studies: whereas the field's research methods have been largely confined to single case studies, I have used both qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the relationships among mechanisms.

• 한국초지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초지조사료학회 2002년도 창립 30주년 International Symposium
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• pp.131-156
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• 2002

Although economically viable, the livestock industry is currently facing a number of challenging environmental problems and highly complex social issues, many of which are related to its size and geographically concentrated nature. Increased emphasis on environmental quality has also placed new demands on livestock producers to ensure that their production practices are in harmony with natural environment. In terms of sustainable agricultural systems, ruminants have served and will continue to serve a valuable role. They are particularly useful in converting vast renewable resources from rangeland, pasture, and crop residues or other by-product into food edible for human. With ruminants, land that is too poor or too erodable to cultivate becomes productive. Also, nutrients in by-products are utilized and do not become a waste-disposal problem. In Korea, however, native and dairy cattle production is not consistent with the advantageous roles of ruminant livestock in sustainable agricultural system because imported feed grains become the main basis for cattle raising. At present the ruminant livestock producers are heavily concentrated in and around the urban areas. About 75% of all the nation's cattle herds are kept on the outskirts of urban areas. As a result, the amount of pasture and forage land available per head of cattle is generally small. Furthermore, animals are raised in a cattle shed with high density. This situation is rather unfavorable for the national economic and environmental points of view As nation income increased, the demand for livestock products grew at an unforeseeable pace. But the pasture area involving in current utilization is tended to decrease during recent years. Based on the above figures more than 250,000 ha of pasture ought to be available for the present herd of cattle. It is obvious that these needs can scarcely be met with arable lands. Lands area for the establishment of new grassland have to be found in the hills and mountains which have not yet been used for crop framing or livestock. The development of extensive grasslands in the hill and woodland areas is now a declared aim. The starting point of the present work is the lack of knowledge of forage production and utilization in hill pasture and woodland in spite of indispensable necessity for livestock production in Korea. The importance of pastoral system in hill region and woodland is particularly emphasized in a standpoint of sustainable livestock production. Main chapter comprises the principle and techniques applicable for improving the utilization of hill pasture and woodland. We finally discussed the problems to solve and future works for a successful livestock production in hill and mountainous area in Korea.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2000

The treatment objectives of the complete oral rehabilitation are : (1) comfortably functioning temporomandibular joints and stomatognathic musculature, (2) adherence to the basic principle of occlusion advocated by Schuyler, (3) anterior guidance that is in harmony with the envelope of function, (4) restorations that will not violate the patient's neutral zone. There may be many roads to achieving these objectives, but they all convey varing degrees of stress and strain on the dentist and patient. There are no "easy" cases of oral rehabilitation. Time must be taken to think, time must be taken to plan, and time must be taken to perform, since time is the critical element in both success and failure. Moreover, a systematized and integrated approach will lead to a prognosis that is favorable and predictable. This approach facilitates development of optimum oral function, comfort, and esthetics, resulting in a satisfied patient. Such a systematized approach consists of four logical phase : (1) patient evaluation, (2) comprehensive analysis and treatment planning, (3) integrated and systematic reconstruction, and (4) postoperative maintenance. Firstly, we must evaluate the mandibular position. The results of a repetitive, unstrained, nondeflective, nonmanipulated mandibular closure into complete maxillomandibular intercuspation is not so much a "centric" occlusion as it is a stable occlusion. Accordingly, we ought to concern ourselves less with mandibular centricity and more with mandibular stability, which actually is the relationship we are trying to establish. The key to this stability is intercuspal precision. Once neuromuscular passivity has been achieved during an appropriate period of occlusal adjustment and provisionalization, subsequent intercuspal precision becomes the controlling factors in maintaining a stable mandibular position. Secondly, we must evaluate the planned vertical dimension of occlusion in relationship to what may now be an altered(generally diminished), and avoid the hazard of using such an abnormal position to indicate ultimate occlusal contacting points. There are no hard and fast rules to follow, no formulas, and no precise ratios between the vertical dimension of occlusion. Like centric relation, it is an area, not a point.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-24
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• 1992

This paper is aimed at finding out the clue to the medical solution to the pathological phenomena of the dehumanizing and demoralizing state of our society by centering around the Chiljeong that originates from Oriental Medicine, Sung Confucianism and Sa-sang Medicine(四象醫學). In these fields,the Chiljeong is based on the theory of Eum-yang and Viscera(陰陽.臟腑論) in Oriental Medicine, on the problems of good and evil in Sung Cunfucianism and on the theory of Sa-sang Visceral Localization(四象.臟局의 理論) in Sa-sang Medicine. The principles of geneation of Chiljeong : In case of Oriental Medicine, Sin(神) controls Chiljeong and of it is stored in five Viscera, it becomes Sin in the Heart, Hon(魂) in the Liver, Sa(思) in the Spleen, Bed-Woo(悲.憂) in the Lung, and Kyeong-Kong(驚.恐) in the Kidney. Then five Viscera react with outer stimuli or Sin, it gives off Chiljeong as Joy(from the Heart), Anger(from the Liver). Thought (from the Spleen), Anxiety and Sorrow(from the Lung) and Surprise and Fear(from the Kidney) In Sung Confucianism, Sim(心) comtrols Seong-jeong(性.情), and at the moment of that Sim gives off Jeong(情), it becomes good when the Li(理) gibes off itself and then Chi(氣) follows Li, or Chi gives off itself and is regulated optimally, out it becomes evil when Li cannot preside over Chi and then shaded by cloudy Chi. The pathology: If the Chiljeong exceeds one's capacity, the corresponding Vicsera will be damaged, and the Passions(喜.怒.哀.樂) that may harm to four types of constitution severly are the Joy and Pleasure(in Tae-eum-in 太陰人 and So-eum-in 少陰人) and Grief and Anger(in Tae-yang-in 太陽人 and So-yang-in 少陽人), so one should be alert on some passions by regrding his constitutional frailty. More over, because of the variations in Sa-sang Visceral Localyzatin there is various ability in human affairs, but as the clumsiness in human affairs may make him hurt by it, so one should be prevented from these passions and human affairs, that is flowing Joy and Participations(黨與) in Tae-yang-in, flowing Pleasure and Dwelings(居處) in So-yang-in, explosive Anger and Companies(交遇) in So-eum-in, explosive Grief and Affairs(事務) in Tae-eum-in. How to clutivate the human nature: The ulitmate purpose in Oriental Medicine is preserving Cheon-Jin(天眞), that is following the Tao(道) by making him be in harmony with the Chi(氣) of the Seasons and by living a simple life. In Sung Confucianism, the way preventing the lustful desire and preserving Cheon-li(天理) is to observate derectly the calm, original place of human nature with reverence, when Sim has nat given off itself yet, and when Sim has already given off, it also is to meditating on one's passion and thought that the principle of good should be researched on or the evil should be cut off according to it's being good or evil. Such like as these various aspects of research on the Chiljeong it will be helpful in understanding human nature by producing the various materials on it, moreover, by doing so, we can lead out appropriate solution on the confusions of judgement value and demoralization.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.40-63
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• 1998

A long life is the desire of many people. The purpose of this study was to describe long life factors for people aged one hundred and above on Chju island. The research was conducted using a phenomenological method to add understanding to this subject. The field work for this study was done from July, 1997 to February, 1998 on Cheju island. The sample consisted of 10 persons of one hundred or above and 12 families. They were audio-recorded and analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method. The results of the present study shows the following: The thoughts of the persons one hundred and above showed ten important concepts; 'dietary regimen', 'mental regimen', 'sleep regimen', 'residence regimen', 'health regimen', 'labor regimen', 'exercise regimen', 'being born', 'filial piety and posterity', 'attachment to life'. Concerning 'Dietary Regimen': Dietary regulation, Preferential food intake, Living on vegetables, Light eating, and concern for longevity in food intake were important. Concerning 'Mental Regimen' : Harmony, Clearheadedness, Mildness, Abstinence, Generosity, Relaxation, Gaiety, Inspiration and Strength were important. Concerning 'Sleep Regimen'; Enough sleeping hours, Sound sleep, Curved sleeping posture, and Comfortable bedding were important. Concerning 'Residence Regimen' ; Clean dwelling, Pleasant surroundings, Thatched house life, Living in the village with good-hearted people, and Regular life were important. Concerning 'Health Regimen'; Temperance of drug, use Proper temperature, Proper humidity, and a Clean body were important. Concerning 'Labor Regimen'; Agricultural labor, Diligence, and Domestic labor were important. Concerning Exercise Regimen': Proper exercise, and Sunbathing were important. Concerning 'Being Born' ; Strong physical constitution, Longevity lineage, and Destiny were important. Concerning 'Filial Piety and Posterity' : Showing respect to a long-lived elder and Reducing anxiety were important. Concerning 'Attachment to Life' ; The desire to live long was important. The following conclusion was made from the above results. Human beings cannot avoid death, but the span of life can be prolonged to the maximum span of human life by wisdom, health care, and proper environmental conditions. As a result, a health regimen must be imposed for longevity such as controling food intake, having positive thoughts, being relaxed, sleeping enough, clean dwelling, taking care of oneself which can improve immunity and resistance to decrease, as well as proper labor and exercise. In addition, when filial piety is served, the desire of longevity and retaining one's youthfulness for a long time can be achieved. These should be done to live long and lead a qualitative life. By the results of this research, the following is suggesed for nursing. To satisfy the basic nursing principle that nursing must be practiced to help people live long, education must be spread to people who are nursed and their family so that they can lead a healthy life. And in nursing elders, nurses must recognize that elders have a strong desire for life, even though they may have negative thoughts about life at times. Therefore nurses have to respect the elders' value of life, and help them improve their self-esteem and self -fulfilment.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2000

Occlusal disease is comparable to periodontitis in that it is generally not reversible. Occlusal disease, however, like periodontitis, often maintainable. It does itself to treatment and when restorative dentistry is utilized it becomes, in that sense, reversible. Moreover, a systematized and integrated approach will lead to a prognosis that is favorable and predictable. This approach facilitates development of optimum oral function, comfort, and esthetics, resulting in a satisfied patient. Such a systematized approach consists of four logical phase : (1) patient evaluation, (2) comprehensive analysis and treatment planning, (3) integrated and systematic reconstruction, and (4) postoperative maintenance. An integrated treatment plan is first developed on one set of diagnostic casts, properly mounted on a semiadjustable articulator using jaw relationship records. This is accomplished by using wax to make reconstructive modifications to the casts. These modified casts become the blueprint for planned occlusal changes and the fabrication of provisional restorations. The treatment goals are : (1) comfortably functioning temporomandibular joints and stomatognathic musculature, (2) adherence to the basic principle of occlusion advocated by Schuyler, (3) anterior guidance that is in harmony with the envelope of function, (4) restorations that will not violate the patient's neutral zone. This report shows the treatment procedures for a patient whose mandibular position has been altered due to posterior bite collapse. Migration of the maxillary anterior teeth had occurred, and the posterior occlusal contacts showed pathologic interference. Precise diagnosis using mounted casts was executed and prosthodontic reconstruction by the aid of an unconventional orthodontic correction on maxillary flaring was planned. An unconventional orthodontic correction can be accomplished by using preexisting natural teeth, which can be modified for use in active tooth movement or splinted together for orthodontic anchorage. This technique has an advantage over conventional fixed appliance orthodontic therapy because it can accomplish tooth movement concurrently with restorative and periodontal therapy. On occasion, minor tooth movement can be necessary to achieve the optimum occlusal scheme, crown form, and tooth position for the forces of occlusion to be displaced down the long axis of the periodontally compromised teeth. Once the occlusion, periodontal health, and crown contours for the provisional splinted restoration are acceptable, the final splinted restoration can be similarly fabricated, and it becomes an excellent orthodontic retainer.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2000

The propose of the study is to try to support the practice of caring suitable for our cultural emotion by cognating the meaning of caring related to health which is melted in korean culture. Concrete purposes were as followings; to first, confirm the caring of civilian in Kangwon-do, to secondly search the caring in the traditional culture idea, and to thirdly present the conceptual frame about the caring. The methodology of this research is the ethnography to use the depth interview and the participative observation. The geographical area of this research was in Wichon-ri, Songsan- myon, Study participants were, 6men and 18women, totally 24 persons. Their average age was 72.6 years old. The period of data collection was from January, 1998 to April, 1999, which original data became saturation. Data collection was done after accept allowance of the participants, their stories were recorded in cassettee, by the way of the Spradley analysis was applied and adjusted. The results which was analyized as domain, category and property were as following; First, the category was the life serving other persons, which is the for mind, the benefiting one, the comprehensive one, the respective one, on soon. Second, the category was the controling life, and its property was the moderate mind, that is, vegetables were tried to be fed moderately, pleasantly and comfortable. Thirdly, the category was the eagerness life, and the properties were diligent mind, and mind which accomplished the complete resposibility. Fourth, the category was a happy life, and the properties were positive mind, satisfying one, thankful one, one of their ancestors benefit, and supplicatory one. Fifth, the category was the accepting life, and the properties were the submissive mind, resign one. Sixth, the category was the joint life all together and the properties were the harmonized mind, and the mutual helping one. Seventh, the category was the ruling life, and the properties were the pure mind, the ones which controls the body, the mind, the nature; which could surely confirmed the source of the life that lived with the nature, the native idea of our people. Eighth, the category was the retaining life, and the properties were the inherits the native custom, and the one that keep public morals. According to the result of examining the caring in ethnography, the general caring was performed the conceptual frame about the caring which is related to health was found in the principle of consideration, harmony, compliance, and transcendence.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제42권
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• pp.393-418
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• 2016

스페인의 18세기 극작가 비센떼 가르시아 델 라 우에르따의 대표작 "라?"은 상연 당시 커다란 흥행 성공과 대중적 인기를 얻은 연극으로, 당시의 주된 미학적 조류였던 신고전주의의 규범을 충실하게 따른 가장 이상적인 극작품으로 여러 학자와 비평가들에 의해 평가되어져 왔다. 그러나 이 연극의 대중적 성공을 가능케 한 요인은 삼단일성의 원칙이라든지 희극적 인물의 배제 등과 같은 신고전주의의 외적 규범에 대한 준수에 있었던 게 아니라, 여전히 이전 시대의 바로크 연극적 성향에 열광하고 있었던 당시의 스페인 관객들의 독특한 경향과 기호에 맞도록 그 주제나 내용을 전통극에 맞도록 조화시켰던 데에 있었다. 즉, 당시의 스페인 관객은 자신들 고유의 극적 취향과는 무관하게 이전 시대의 바로크적 연극을 미신과 비이성, 비논리와 무질서로 가득 찬 연극으로 간주하며 이러한 연극에 열광하는 자신들을 일방적으로 계몽하려는 신고전주의자들의 연극을 철저히 외면하였던 것이다. 이와 같은 상황에서 신고전주의 비극과 스페인 연극적 전통의 조화를 이루어낸 우에르따의 비극 "라?"은 극적 성공에 대중의 지지와 후원이 얼마나 중요한 것인지를 잘 알려주는 극작품이라 할 수 있겠다. "라?"에 나타난 전통극적 요소로는 크게 명예, 시적 정의, 그리고 사랑으로 요약될 수 있는데, 이 요소들은 공히 스페인의 바로크 연극 전체를 관통하는 주요한 극적 코드들인 것이다.

• 철학연구
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• 제146권
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• pp.219-243
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• 2018

"논어"란 학문에 뜻을 세우고, 끊임없는 노력으로 불혹(不惑) 지천명(知天命) 이순(耳順)의 단계를 거쳐 마침내 존재와 당위가 일치하는 경지에 도달했던 공자의 언행을 기록한 책이다. 공자는 학문을 좋아하며, 인을(仁) 실천하는 군자(君子)를 양성하려고 하였던 바, 지금까지 선행 연구들은 "논어"에 나타난 여러 덕목들과 이상적 인간상에 대해 주로 연구하였다. 그런데 이러한 다양한 덕목들과 인간상은 구체적 개별적 심신(心身)를 지닌 자아에 의해 구현 정립된다. 그러나 현재까지 연구를 보면, "논어"의 심신(心身)와 연관된 용어들에 대한 체계적인 종합적 고찰은 많지 않았다. 바로 이 점에서 이 논문은 "논어"에서 심신과 직접 연관된 용어인 심(心) 성(性) 정(情) 지(志) 의(意), 그리고 신(身) 기(己) 궁(躬) 기(氣) 등이 출현한 구절을 살피면서 그 의미를 고찰하였다. 여기서 우리는 주로 고주(古注)와 주자(朱子)의 주석을 먼저 살피면서, 그에 대한 보완적 비판적 주석을 제시한 다산의 주석을 살펴보았다. "논어"에 나타난 심신(心身)관련 용어들은 아직 체계적으로 정의 분류되어 제시되지 않고 단지 맹아적 소재를 제공해 주고 있을 뿐이다. 그래서 공자의 후학들은 "논어"의 언명을 기본 바탕으로 다양한 입론과 해석을 시도하였다. 그렇지만 그 용어들은 심신수양을 통한 도덕의 실현에 기여하는 인간을 양성하기 위하여 시설된 언명이라는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 성리학을 집대성한 대표적인 "논어" 주석가인 주자(朱子)는 심신(心身) 및 보편 덕(인(仁)) 실현과 연관된 용어를 주석함에 있어 상호 모순 대립하는 천리(天理) 인욕(人欲)의 개념으로 주로 설명하였다. 이에 대해 다산(茶山)은 우리의 몸 혹은 형기(形氣)에서 유래하는 욕망은 결코 절멸(絶滅)될 수 없다는 점에서 주로 "존천리거인욕(存天理去人欲)"의 방법이 아니라, 도심(道心)의 주재(主宰)와 인심(人心)의 청명(聽命)이라는 관계로 주석했다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2016

서울 지하철 노선망의 확충은 환승역이 증가하고 복합화 지상건물과의 연계로 지하공간은 복잡해졌고 이용자의 길찾기 동선(Wayfinding)을 유도하는 사인시스템은 여러 종류의 기능이 필요에 따라 중첩, 적용해옴에 따라 피로도가 증가하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 서울지하철 역사공간을 대상으로 유니버설 디자인(UD) 원칙에 따른 사인시스템을 조사 분석하여 개선방안을 제시하는데 있다. 유니버설사인시스템을 분석하여 접근성, 안전성, 공평성, 인지성, 심미성 등을 도출하였다. 현장조사결과 천장형 방향유도 표지판류, 벽체형 보조안내판류, 종합안내도류가 정보위계가 높은 사인으로 분석되었다. 설문응답자의 유니버설 디자인개념에 대한 인식정도는 매우 낮았으나 공공시설 설계시 그 원리적용은 매우 중요시한다고 나타났다. IPA 분석결과, 접근성 측면에서 사인의 간격 및 일관된 배치, 위치 등에 대한 사항이 중점개선사항으로 도출되었고 사인의 통일성 확보 및 주변 환경과의 조화 등 심미성이 추가로 개선요망사항으로 제시되었다. 종합안내도의 경우 외부시설물 위치에 대한 적절한 안내 및 사인의 영역화 사항이 가장 시급한 개선사항으로 분석되었다. 결과적으로 모든 역에 해당하는 공통사항과 각 역에 따른 특성을 함께 반영한 유니버설 디자인개념을 적용한 지침수립이 필요함을 암시한다.