• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2002년도 제38회 학술심포지움
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• pp.20-47
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• 2002

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) maps for human stomach tissue proteins have been prepared by displaying the protein components of the tissue by 2-DE and identifying them using mass spectrometry. This will enable us to present an overview of the proteins expressed In human stomach tissues and lays the basis for subsequent comparative proteome analysis studies with gastric diseases such as gastric cancer. In this study, 2-DE maps of soluble fraction proteins were prepared on two gel images with partially overlapping pH ranges of 4-7 and 6-9. On the gels covering pH 4-7 and pH 6-9, about 900 and 600 protein spots were detected on silver staining, respectively. For protein identification, proteins spots on micropreparative gels stained by colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 were excised, digested in-gel with trypsln, and analyzed by peptide mass fingerprinting with delayed extraction-matrix assisted laser dosorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (DE-MALDI-MS). In all, 243 protein spots (168 spots in acidic map and 75 spots in basic map) corresponding to 136 different proteins were identified. Besides these principal maps, maps of lower resolution, i.e. overview maps (displayed on pH 3-10 gels) for total homogenate and soluble fraction, are also presented with some identifications mapped on them. Based on the 2-DE maps presented in this study, a 2-DE database for human stomach tissue proteome has been constructed and available at http://proteome.gsnu.ac.kr/DB/2DPAGE/Stomach/. The 2-DE maps and the database resulting from this study will serve important resources for subsequent proteomic studies for analyzing the normal protein variability in healthy tissues and specific protein variations in diseased tissues.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1989

가열조작에 의한 녹차 화학성분의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 1차 가공이 끝난 녹차반제품(Crde green tea)을 10$0^{\circ}C$, 115$^{\circ}C$, 14$0^{\circ}C$, 16$0^{\circ}C$에서 각각 30분간 처리한 후당류, 향기성분, 비타민C, 질소화합물 탄닌, 카페인 및 가용성 물질을 분석하는 반면 향미에 대한 영향을 관능검사에 의하여 평가하였다. 고속액체 크로마토그라피(H.P.L.C)에 의해서 녹차의 유리당으로 surcrose, fructose, glucose 및 raffinose가 확인되었고 1개의 미확인 당류가 분리되었으며, 향기성분으로는Gas Liquid Gas Liquid Chromatography에 의해서 26~34개의 물질이 분리되었으나 그중 linalool, furfual benzyl alco-hol을 비롯한 16개 물질만이 동정되었다. 가열처리에 의하여 대부분의 물질이 감소되었으나 총질소, 수용성질소는 거의 감소하지 않았고 특히 유리아미노산, 유리당, 비타민C, 탄닌의 감소가 크게 나타났으며 관능검사에 의해서는 115$^{\circ}C$처리구에서 녹차 반제품에 대한 몇몇 성분의 감소률은 총당 17%, 환원당 15%, 비타민C 36%, 유리아미노산 12%, 탄닌 15%로 나타났고 수분함량도 저장이 적당한 3~4%이하가 되었다. 한편 16$0^{\circ}C$처리구에서의 감소률은 총당 38%, 환원당 53%, 비타민C 55%, 유리아미노산 74%, 탄닌 23%로 가열처리온도 상승에 따라서 각 성분의 감소률이 크게 증가하였고 특히 유리아미노산의 감소률이 현저하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.859-863
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• 2010

본 연구는 식용식물로의 가치뿐만 아니라 약용으로 가치가 인정되는 뽕잎에 미생물 생균제를 이용한 뽕잎발효차 개발을 통하여 기능성 소재 개발 및 새로운 제품개발의 방안을 제시하고자 뽕잎차 및 뽕잎발효차의 유효성분을 분석하고 제품의 품질특성을 비교분석 하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 뽕잎발효차가 4,022.82 mg/100 g, 뽕잎차가 3,932.32 mg/100 g으로 두 시료의 함량은 비슷하였고 녹차 및 황차에 함유된 양과 비슷하여 총 폴리페놀 함량이 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 비타민 C는 두 시료 모두 미량으로 분석되었다. 카페인의 함량은 뽕잎차가 5.68 mg/100 g, 뽕잎발효차가 21.11 mg/100 g으로 두 시료 모두 미량으로 분석되었다. 뽕잎차 및 뽕잎발효차의 품질특성을 비교한 결과 색도 측정 시 a(적색도)값은 시료 간에 차이가 미미하였고, b(황색도)값은 뽕잎차가 뽕잎발효차보다 높았으며, L(명도)값은 뽕잎발효차가 뽕잎차보다 낮았다. 관능검사를 실시한 결과 두 시료 모두 쓴맛과 떫은맛이 적었으며 뽕잎발효차가 구수한 맛과 종합적인 기호도가 향상되었다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 발효를 통한 생리 활성 물질의 변화에 관한 좀 더 구체적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단되며 이러한 점을 보완하여 제품개발에 응용하고 대중적인 면을 좀 더 개선한다면 새로운 기능성소재 및 제품이 될 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1994

벼 품종간 쌀 취반특성의 변이를 구명하여 비슷한 취반특성을 가진 품종군을 분류하고 쌀의 취반특성과 이화학적 특성간의 관계를 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1, 메벼 품종과 찰벼 품종은 밥물의 요드정색도에서 차이가 크게 났으며, 메벼, 찰벼 모두 요드정색도와 용출고형물량에서 품종간 변이가 크게 났다. 2. 메벼 품종을 국내육성종, 한국재래종 및 외래도로 구분하여 취반특성을 비교한 결과 팽창률, 요드정색도 및 용출고형물량의 평균치에서 차이가 났다. 3. 취반특성을 이용한 주성분분식에서 제1및 제2주성분치상 분포에서 취반특성이 비슷한 메벼 품종들은 <장안벼·서안벼>, <진미벼·일품벼·대성벼>, <서해벼·남원벼 ·영덕벼>, <추청벼·봉광벼>, <오대벼·금오벼>, <화청벼·동해벼·팔공벼>등이었다. 4. 취반특성이 비슷한 찰벼 품종들은 <농림나001·수원357호·조도·인부지나도>, <삼남밭벼 ·적도>, <무주도·Daigol mochi>, <대골도(찰)·진도(찰)>, <진부찰벼·대골도(유색)>, <신선찰벼·Hung-Tsan>, <아구도·이락도>등이었다. 5. 메벼 품종의 팽창률은 상온 수분흡수율과 정의 상관이 성립되었으며, 요드정색도는 용출고형물량과 부의 상관, 아밀로스함량과는 정의 상관을 각각 나타내었다 찰벼 품종의 팽창률은 요드정색도, 용출고형물량 및 호응집성과는 각각 정의 상관을 나타내었으며, 요드정색도와 알칼리붕괴도 간에는 정의 상관이 인정되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2020

온도와 일장처리를 달리하여 참깨 개화, 생육특성 및 수량성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 2019~2020년 2년에 걸쳐 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 단일조건(12시간)에서 온도 증가에 따른 참깨 품종의 개화일수 단축정도는 90일깨가 11일, 풍성깨가 10.5일, 아름깨가 10일이었으며 고온조건(28℃)에서 일장이 길어 질수록 참깨품종의 개화지연일수는 90일깨가 7.5일, 안산깨와 양백깨가 각각 9일, 풍성깨가 14.5일, 성분깨가 15일, 아름깨가 18일로 나타났다. 2. 개화일수와 경장, 주당삭수, 천립중, 10a당 수량간에는 부의 상관관계를 나타내었는데 개화소요 일수가 길어 개화가 늦어지면 생식생장기간이 줄어들고 수량관련 형질들의 기본특성을 확보할 수 있는 기간이 부족해진다. 3. 일장과 온도에 따른 품종 간 수량성 변화를 보면 안산깨, 아름깨는 온도가 높아질수록 수량이 감소하였으나 양백깨, DT45는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 일장이 길어질수록 수량은 감소하는 경향을 나타났으며 참깨 품종간 반응을 다양하게 나타났다. 4. 풍성깨, 성분깨는 파종기를 앞당겨서 조기파종에 적합하였으며 DT45, 풍성깨, 90일깨, 안산깨, 성분깨는 파종기를 늦추어 만파를 할 경우 적합하였다. 양백깨와 아름깨는 5월 상순부터 중순까지 파종을 하였을 경우 수량성 확보에 유리하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.181-195
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• 1979

The Nambu orebodies of the Okbang tungsten mine are hosted in the Precambrian amphibolite and Weonnam formation. These orebodies can be classified into two types; The scheelite-bearing ore vein occurring in the amphibolite (the Nambu 1, 2 adits) and tungsten-bearing quartz vein along the contact between the amphibolite and the Weonnam formation (the Young-ho, -1, -2, -3 levels). The scheelite-bearing ore vein in the amphilbolite is discontinuous, narrow, and highly irregular in geometry, occurring only within the amphibolite with which of the vein is graduational. Based on these feature of the mode of occurrence, the origin of this ore type might be attributed to a potential segregation of tungsten ore fluid in situ from hornblenditic basic magma of the host rock. Tungsten-bearing quartz vein, however, is considered to have deposited along the N30-60E trending fractures as a later hypothermal vein after the hornblendite was emplaced. The principal ore mineral is scheelite with minor amount of wolframite, and the gangue minerals are quartz, and small amounts of fluorite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and calcite. Fluid inclusion study of minerals from the Nambu orebody reveals that the fluids in fluorite of the scheelite-bearning ore vein attained a temperature range of $208{\sim}256^{\circ}C$ and those in quartz from the tungsten-bearing quartz vein a temperature range of $220{\sim}357^{\circ}C$. The real formation temperatures can be somewhat higher than filling temperatures, if pressure correction is made. Chemical analysis of 8 amphibolitc samples on major and some trace elements indicate that the amphibolite is igneous origin. On a Niggli diagram (al-alk)versus c, the analytical values are plotted on an igneous field, and on a Niggli diagram mg versus c they follow a karroo igneous trend line. According to the Ba, Cr, and Ni versus Niggli mg plots suggested by Leake (1964), Okbang amphibolite fall outside a pelitic field and compare favorably with his plots form ortho-amphibolites. Analitical values of $MoO_3$ of 8 samples of scheelite minerals from the Nambu orebody indicate that the tungsten-bearing quartz vein (type n) of Nambu orebody shows a range from 1. 69% to 4.38% which is higher than 0.94%~3.25% $MoO_3$ for the scheelite-bearing ore vein (type I). This fact indicates that the type II was deposited in a lower $fO_2/higher$ $fO_2$ environment and under lower temperature than the type I. Analysis of major components $WO_3$, MnO, and FeO of 6 samples of wolframite from the type II veins revealed that they contain 73.35~76.2% $WO_3$, 7.94~11.63% MnO, and 10.53~14.82% FeO. MnO/FeO ratios of wolframite shows the range of 0.85~1.17 which suggests a slightly higher temperature type of deposits than other major tungsten deposits in the country.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.504-520
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• 2020

Proliferation of shrubs at the expense of native forage in pastures has been associated with large changes in dry-matter intake and dietary components for grazing ruminants. These changes can also affect the animals' physiology and metabolism. However, little information is available concerning the effect of pastoral-shrub grazing on the rumen bacterial community. To explore rumen bacteria composition in grazing yaks and the response of rumen bacteria to increasing shrub coverage in alpine meadows, 48 yak steers were randomly assigned to four pastures with shrub coverage of 0%, 5.4%, 11.3%, and 20.1% (referred as control, low, middle, and high, respectively), and ruminal fluid was collected from four yaks from each pasture group after 85 days. Rumen fermentation products were measured and microbiota composition determined using Ion S5™ XL sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and similarity analysis indicated that the degree of shrub coverage correlated with altered rumen bacterial composition of yaks grazing in alpine shrub meadows. At the phyla level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in rumen increased with increasing shrub coverage, whereas the proportions of Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia decreased. Yaks grazing in the high shrub-coverage pasture had decreased species of the genus Prevotellaceae UCG-001, Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group, Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group and Fretibacterium, but increased species of Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Ruminococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 and Lachnospiraceae UCG-008. These variations can enhance the animals' utilization efficiencies of cellulose and hemicellulose from native forage. Meanwhile, yaks grazed in the high shrub-coverage pasture had increased concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and branched-chain volatile fatty acids (isobutyrate and isovalerate) in rumen compared with yaks grazing in the pasture without shrubs. These results indicate that yaks grazing in a high shrub-coverage pasture may have improved dietary energy utilization and enhanced resistance to cold stress during the winter. Our findings provide evidence for the influence of shrub coverage on the rumen bacterial community of yaks grazing in alpine meadows as well as insights into the sustainable production of grazing yaks on lands with increasing shrub coverage on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

본 연구는 전국에서 사용되고 있는 4종류(고가사다리차, 굴절사다리차, 펌프차, 화학차)의 소방자동차 1,022대를 대상으로 고장 발생 원인을 추적 조사한 결과에 관한 것으로, 고가사다리차는 추락방지장치부문(46%), 굴절사다리차는 유압유 오염도부문(29%), 펌프차는 에어공급장치 실린더부문(37%), 화학차는 분말소화장치부문(39%)에서 고장이 많이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 그 원인은 차량 노후화에 따른 경년변화로 인한 고장이 가장 많이 나타났으며, 에어공급장치 실린더와 같이 특장부품의 반복사용에 따른 피로가 원인으로 나타났다. 고가사다리차의 경우 와이어의 롤러사이의 끼임 현상이 고장으로 나타나 제조과정에서 개선할 점으로 조사되었다. 따라서 5년 이상 경과한 차종에 대해서는 소방장비관리 규칙(총리령)에서 정하는 정밀점검을 통하여 세심한 관리가 필요하며 차종에 따라 내용연수가 경과한 10년 또는 12 이상 도래된 차량에 대해서는 안전을 위하여 연장 사용보다는 신규로 교체하여 최상의 소방차량 상태를 유지하도록 관리되어야 할 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 1999

The experiments were carried out to elucidate the varietal variation of retrogradation in aged cooked rice and its association with some physicochemical properties of milled rice. The fifteen rice materials were selected from forty-three low-amylose japonica and Tongil-type rice cultivars based on palatability and retrogradation of cooked rice stratified by preliminary sensory evaluation of warm and cooled cooked rice. One japonica glutinous rice variety was included for comparison of retrogradation of cooked rice. The $\alpha$-amylase-iodine method was adopted for checking the varietal difference in retrogradation of cooked rice. The desirable checking time for evaluating the varietal difference in deterioration of aged cooked rice was four hours after storing in room temperature and two hours after preserving in refrigerator based on the largest coefficients of variations in degree of retrogradation of cooked rice. The rice cultivars revealing the relatively slow retrogradation in aged cooked rice were Ilpumbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Sasanishiki, Jinbubyeo and Koshihikari. A Tongil-type rice, Taebaegbyeo, and a japonica cultivar, Seomjinbyeo, showed the relatively fast deterioration of cooked rice. The retrogadation index represented by the percentage of retrogradation difference between warm and cooled cooked rice to original estimates of warm cooked rice was significantly affected by the degree of retrogradation of cooled cooked rice. Generally, the better rice cultivars in eating quality of cooked rice showed less retrogradation and much sponginess in cooled cooked rice. Also, the rice varieties exhibiting less retrogradation in cooled cooked rice revealed higher hot viscosity and lower cool viscosity of rice flour in amylogram. The sponginess of cooled cooked rice was closely associated with magnesium content and volume expansion of cooked rice. The hardness-changed ratio of cooked rice by cooling was negatively correlated with solids amount extracted during boiling and volume expansion of cooked rice. The major physicochemical properties of rice grain closely related to the palatability of cooked rice may be directly or indirectly associated with the retrogradation characteristics of cooked nce. The varietal difference in retrogradation of cooked rice can be effectively classified by scatter diagram on the plane of upper two principal components based on some retrogradation properties of cooked rice. The deteriorated structural change in cooled cooked rice by observing through the scanning electron microscope was more conspicuous in the fastly retrograded cooked rice than in the slower one.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1617-1617
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• 2001

It is well known now that near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast, no destructive, and inexpensive analytical technique that could be used to classify, identify, and authenticate a wide range of foods and food items. Therefore, the main aims of this study were to provide a new insight into the authentication of five strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) varieties and to correlate them with geographical zones and the propagating methods used. Three weeks plants of five different strawberry varieties (F. x ananassa Duch. cv Camarosa, Seascape, Chandler, F. Chiloensis, and F. Virginiana) were cultivated in vitro first and then transferred to pots with special soil, and grown in a greenhouse at CINVESTAV, all varieties were acquired from California (USA). After 18 months, ten leaves from each variety were collected. Transmission spectra from each leave were recorded over a range of 10, 000-4, 000 cm$-^{1}$, 32 scans of each strawberry leave were collected using a resolution of 4 cm$-^{1}$ with a Paragon IdentiCheck FT-NIR System Spectrometer. Triplicates of each strawberry leave were used. All spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling class analogy (SIMCA). The optimum number of components to be used in the regression was automatically determined by the software. Camarosa was the only variety grown from the same shoot but propagated by a different method (direct or in vitro). Five different classes (varieties) or clusters were observed among samples, however, larger inter class distances were presented by the two wildtype samples (F. Chiloensis and F. Virginiana). Camarosa direct and Camarosa in vitro displayed a small overlapping region between them. On the other hand, Seascape variety presented the smallest rejection percentage among all varieties (more similarities with the rest of the samples). Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of NIRS technique allowed the authentication of all strawberry varieties and geographical origin as well. It was also possible to form subclasses of the same materials. The results presented here demonstrate that NIRS is a very powerful and promising analytical tool since all materials were authenticated and classified based on their variety, origin, and treatment. This is of a tremendous relevance since the variety and origin of a plant material can be established even before it gives its typical fruit or flower.