• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2013

This study was performed on two groups (10 cows) for primiparous Holstein lactating cows (av. 98 days in milk : DIM) which were divided into low forage diet (LF) and high forage diet (HF) groups based on forage : concentrate ratio (F : C ratio). The F : C ratios of LF and HF groups were 37:63 and 62:38, respectively. Concentrate intake was significantly higher in the LF group than the HF group whereas the HF group showed higher forage intake (12.9 kg) compared to the LF group (7.4 kg) (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in total feed intake between the HF (20.9 kg) and LF (19.4 kg) group (p>0.05), but the HF group tended to be higher. CP, TDN and NEL intake showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Though, there was no significant difference on actual milk between the two groups (26 vs. 23.9 kg/d, p>0.05), the LF group tended to be higher. 4% FCMs of LF and HF groups were 22.8 and 22.3 kg/d, respectively, and showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The HF group was higher in fat content and lower in MUN. C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1n7 of milk fatty acid were significantly higher in the HF group (p<0.05), but there were no differences in other milk fatty acids between the two groups. As a result, increasing high quality forage such as BIRG silage and hay in the diet will not only fulfill nutrient requirements but also reduce milk production.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.97-108
• /
• 2003

In-vitro fertilized Hanwoo embryos were biopsied for sex determination by PCR. Biopsied embryos were incubated for 1∼2 hours for the recovery. Those sexed Hanwoo embryos were transferred to 49 Hanwoo and 16 Holstein recipients from February 2000 to February 2001. Of 65 recipients, 14 cows(12 Hanwoo and 2 Holstein) delivered the same offspring as sex-determined by PCR, therefore the conception rate was 21.5%. 1. Total 65 embryos(male 35, female 30) were transferred to recipients, and 14 calves (male 6, female 8) were delivered. In comparison between sex by PCR method and sex of calves born after embryo transfer, the accuracy of sex determination was 100.0%. 2. The conception rate after transfer with biopsied embryo between Hanwoo and Holstein was 24.5% and 12.5% 3. The conception rate after transfer with biopsied embryo between fresh and frozen-thawed embryos was 23.5% and 14.3%. 4. The conception rate according to the season when embryo was transferred was 11.8, 29.4, 23.5 and 20.0% for spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. 5. The conception rate according to embryo quality after biopsy was 41.7, 30.0 and 0.0% for excellent, good and fair quality. 6. The conception rate according to thickness of uterine horn was 71.4, 18.9, 11.8 and 0.0% for 0, +, ++ and +++ thickness. 7. The conception rate according to the site in the uterine hem where embryo was put was 30.0, 20.0 and 10.0% for cranial, mid, and caudal part of uterine horn. 8. The conception rate according to the quality of corpus luteum ipsilateral to the uterine horn where embryos was transferred was 41.2, 14.3 and 15.4% for excellent, good and fair quality. 9. The conception rate according to the time required for embryo transfer was 18.2, 30.0, 30.0, 0.0 and 25.0% for 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. 10. The conception rate according to parity of recipients was 26.5, 19.1, 14.3 and 0.0% for the primiparous, the 2nd parous, the 3rd parous and the 4th parous recipients. These results indicated that fresh embryos are more demanded than frozen-thawed embryos for good conception rate in embryo transfer with biopsied-sexed embryo. Also, it was indicated that we should consider embryo-recovering condition, recipient's uterine thickness, transfer site in uterine horn, quality of corpus luteum, time required for transfer and parity of recipient to achieve good conception rate in ET with biopsied-sexed embryos.