• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.362-393
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• 2006

The purpose of this manuscript was to investigate the effects of issue involvement and relation of perceivers to comparison targets on the magnitude of third person perceptions. The investigation was expected to help us to understand the underlying process of third person effect hypothesis. Data was collected from adult residents in Ohio, United States by telephone survey in 2003(n=524). Like most other third person effect studies, this study supported the hypothesis: Respondents perceived more media effects on others than themselves for both 'Negative media portrayals of smokers' and 'News coverage of Roman Catholic priest's sexual scandals'. Results of five hypothesis tests suggest that when relationship between a perceiver and a particular comparison target is present third person perception is explained more by cognitive components than motivational components. In this case, third person perception varies with comparison target's issue involvement while it is independent of social distance between the perceivers and the comparison target. Also, perceivers' issue involvement positively correlates with the magnitude of third person effect. Based on the results, it is concluded that when perceives or a comparison target is involved in a message cognitive processes accounting for the relationship can impact the magnitude of third person effect. An important theoretical implication of the study is that third person effect is, to some extent, related with framing effect and priming effect.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.243-274
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• 2009

The association, word frequency and imagery have been considered as the main factors that affect the word recognition. The present study aimed to examine the imagery effect and the interaction of the association effect while controlling the frequency effect. To explain the imagery effect, we compared the two theories (dual-coding theory, context availability model). The lexical decision task using priming paradigm was administered. The duration of prime words was manipulated as 20ms, 50ms, and 450ms in experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The association and imagery of prime words were manipulated as the main factors in each of the three experiments. In experiment 1, the duration of prime words (20ms) which is expected to not activate the semantic context enough to affects the word recognition was used. As a result, only imagery effect was statically significant. In experiment 2, the duration of prime word was 50ms, which we expected to activate the semantic context without perceptual awareness. The result showed both the association and imagery effects. The interaction between the two effects was also significant. In experiment 3, to activate the semantic context with perceptual awareness, the prime words were presented for 450ms. Only association effect was statically significant in this experimental condition. The results of the three experiments suggest that the influence of the imagery was at the early stages of word recognition, while the association effect appeared rather later than the imagery. These results implied that the two theories are not contrary to each other. The dual-coding theory just concerned imagery effect which affects the early stage of word recognition, and context-availability model is more for the semantic context effect which affects rather later stage of word recognition. To explain the word recognition process more completely, some integrated model need to be developed considering not only the main 3 effects but also the stages which extends along the time course of the process.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.463-470
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• 2016

This experimental research as media effect study explores the effect of the current documentary that deals with radioactive contamination widely spread by fukushima nuclear accident on political and social recognition of domestic audience. Proceeding studies about media effect dealt mainly with news contents of TV, newspaper and internet. However studies on the effect of current documentary as non news contents on audience that provide us with profound information by various subjects are very few. Especially it is difficult to find studies about disaster documentary dealing with radioactive contamination having much effect on global environment. Accordingly this research implemented experimental study to find out the effect of current documentary that deals with radioactive contamination by fukushima nuclear accident on political and social recognition of audience. This research found that subjects exposed to the current documentary considered outdated nuclear power plant more seriously, supporting the opposition party more positively, claiming shutdown of outdated nuclear power plant, and opposing additive construction of nuclear power plant than subjects not exposed to the current documentary.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2014

Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) plays an important role in bacterial infection and inflammation. We examined the effect of the bacterial cell wall components lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Lactobacillus plantarum (pLTA) and Staphylococcus aureus (aLTA) on PAFR expression in THP-1, a monocyte-like cell line. LPS and aLTA, but not pLTA, significantly increased PAFR expression, whereas priming with pLTA inhibited LPS-mediated or aLTA-mediated PAFR expression. Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4, and CD14 increased with LPS and aLTA treatments, but was inhibited by pLTA pretreatment. Neutralizing antibodies against TLR2, TLR4, and CD14 showed that these receptors were important in LPS-mediated or aLTA-mediated PAFR expression. PAFR expression is mainly regulated by the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Blocking PAF binding to PAFR using a PAFR inhibitor indicated that LPS-mediated or aLTA-mediated PAF expression affected TNF-${\alpha}$ production. In the mouse small intestine, pLTA inhibited PAFR, TLR2, and TLR4 expression that was induced by heat-labile toxin. Our data suggested that pLTA has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of PAFR that was induced by pathogenic ligands.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stannous fluoride on the dentin bonding with three kinds of commercially available dentin bonding systems containing different adhesive monomers. Dentin specimens with exposed labial dentin prepared from freshly extracted bovine mandibular anterior teeth were divided into experimental and control groups. The specimens of experimental groups were bonded with dentin bonding systems and composite resins including All bond 2 ㅡ& Bisfil, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose & Z100, and Denthesive II Charisma after 2 % stannous& fluorided application for S minutes and washing for 1 minute. The specimens of control groups were bonded with the same dentin bonding systems and composite resins as used in the experimental groups. After bonded specimens were stored in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water for 24 hours, the tensile bond strength and cohesive failure rate were measured, and then the pretreated dentin surfaces and the fractured dentin surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : Mean bond strength of stannous fluoride applied groups of All bond 2, Scotchbond MP, and Denthesive II were 2.5MPa, 1.1MPa, and 1.1MPa respectively, and those of control groups were 7.5MPa, 8.1MPa, and 4.6MPa. Bond strength values of stannous fluoride applied groups were significantly lower than those of the control groups(p<0.05). SEM findings of dentin surfaces after stannous fluoride application demonstrated an appearance of partially remained smear layer and smear plugs inspite of pretreatment with 10 % phosphoric aicd or maleic acid solution, and an appearance of smear layer covered surface under Denthesive II priming. But those of control groups commonly showed clean dentin surfaces without smear layer and smear plugs. On SEM observation of the fractured dentin-resin interface, while most of the specimens of stannous fluoride applied groups showed adhesive failure mode, those of All bond 2 and Scotchbond MP control groups showed mainly adhesive-cohesive mixed failure mode, and mainly adhesive failure mode in Denthesive II control group.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 1996

The effect of low-dose aprotinin on hemostasis in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for repeat valve replacement and coronary artery bypass operations were investigated. Thirty patients undergoing elective CPB from February 1993 through February 1995 at Catholic Medical Center were studied. the patients were randomly divided into two groups(15 patients per group) : group 1, receive 1, 000, 000 KIU/kg aprotinin in the CPB priming volume and 20, 000 KIU/kg aprotinin intravenously each hour during CPB ; group 2, without aprotinin administration served as the controls. The result showed that the early postoperative (during the first 24 hours) and mean postoperative total blood loss of the aprotinin group were significantly reduced than the control group (317.2 $\pm$ 89.6ml in the aprotinin group versus 821.3 $\pm$ 441.2rnl in the control group, p<0.01 ; 767.2 $\pm$ 214.1 ml in the aprotinin group versus 1562.5 $\pm$ 735.2 rnl in the control gorup, p<0.01). Total use of packed red ells and fresh frozen plasma was higher in control group(1.22 $\pm$ 0.3 units versus 4.21 $\pm$ 1.7units of packed red cells, p<0.01 : and 2.37 $\pm$ 0.4units versus 6.72 $\pm$ 0.88uni1s of fresh prozen plasma, p<0.05). We conclude the low-dose aprotinin was positive influence on postoperative blood loss in undergoing highly bleeding potency cardiac operation.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.456-462
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to develop an advanced pump technology using tornado and axial pumping principles without priming water. The developed rotor type slurry pump consisted of an electric motor, driving shaft and coupling, a rotor, an impeller, suction and discharge pipes. For the clean water test, the experimental results are presented for the discharge flowrate, electric power input and vacuum pressure with the rotor design parameters as a function of the motor rpm. The slurry discharge characteristics with the solid concentration of the cement slurry was performed. As the rotor diameter and height increase, the discharge flowrate and electric power input increase while the vacuum pressure in the suction pipe decreases. The rotor thickness had no significant effect on the discharge flowrate and electric power input. Slurries with more than 18 % solid concentration, which is the development factor, can be pumped.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3819-3828
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• 2015

The present study discusses some of important issues in the word recognition such as the roles of the form(orthographic & phonologic) and semantic information by investigating the processes of Korean heteronym. The priming paradigm has been applied to see whether or not there would be facilitatory effect from form and/or semantic information. In experiment 1, orthographically-related or phonologically-related prime stimuli were presented and a lexical decision task for Korean heteronym was conducted. The same procedure was applied for the experiment 2, except the prime stimulus which was semantically-related. The results showed that orthographic and phonologic information did not influence the processing of the heteronym while semantic information facilitated its processing, suggesting that the semantic information plays an important role in the processes of the Korean heteronym.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

Objective : Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and prolonged febrile seizures (pFS) are common neurologic problems that occur during childhood. However, there is insufficient evidence from experimental studies to conclude that pFS directly induces hippocampal injury. We studied cognitive function and histological changes in a rat model and investigated which among pFS, HIE, or a dual pathologic effect is most detrimental to the health of children. Methods : A rat model of HIE at postnatal day (PD) 7 and a pFS model at PD10 were used. Behavioral and cognitive functions were investigated by means of weekly open field tests from postnatal week (PW) 3 to PW7, and by daily testing with the Morris water maze test at PW8. Pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed in the control, pFS, HIE, and HIE+pFS groups at PW9. Results : The HIE priming group showed a seizure-prone state. The Morris water maze test revealed a decline in cognitive function in the HIE and HIE+pFS groups compared with the pFS and control groups. Additionally, the HIE and HIE+pFS groups showed significant hippocampal neuronal damage, astrogliosis, and volume loss, after maturation. The pFS alone induced minimal hippocampal neuronal damage without astrogliosis or volume loss. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that pFS alone causes no considerable memory or behavioral impairment, or cellular change. In contrast, HIE results in lasting memory impairment and neuronal damage, gliosis, and tissue loss. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the developing brain concerning conditions caused by HIE or pFS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.273-277
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• 2005

본 연구는 한국어 어말어미 산출시 나타나는 대뇌 활성화 영역을 살펴보기 위하여 실시되었다. 두 가지 실험이 실시되었다 실험 1은 어말어미의 기본형을 주고 이를 의문형, 명령형으로 산출하는 고립단어 실험을 실시하였다. 통제 조건으로 모음변환조건(C1)과 아라비아문자보기(C2)를 사용하였다. 실험 1의 결과 ‘어말어미-C1’ 조건에서 좌반구의 측두엽과 전두엽부분의 의 활성화 superior temporal gyrus와 inferior frontal gyrus의 활성화가 관찰되었다. ‘어말어미-C2’ 의 조건에서 우반구에서 후두엽의 활성화와 좌반구에서의 후두엽, 전두엽, lingual G, Cuneus, fusiform G, inferior occipital G에서의 활성화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 실험 2는 명령형과 의문형 어미의 형태점화효과와 관련된 대뇌 활성화 영역을 관찰하기 위하여 Er-fMRI 기법을 이용하여 실시되었다. 실험 조건은 어미동일조건, 어간반복조건, 무관련 조건으로 구성되었다. 피험자들은 점화자극이 제시된 후 신호가 제시되고 나오는 표적단어를 의문형 또는 명령으로 산출하도록 하는 과제를 실시하였다. 뇌 활성화 영역을 분석한 결과 의문형과 명령형을 산출할 때의 활성화 영역에서 $^{\ast}^{\ast}^{\ast}$를 볼 때의 영역을 빼기 (substraction)한 결과 공통적으로 좌반구 브로카 영역이 활성화되었고, 의문형과 명령형 안에서 어미동일조건에서 무관련 조건을 뺀 경우에는 좌반구의 superior temporal G 영역의 활성화가 관찰되었다. 이들 결과를 종합해 볼 때 어말어미 산출 그 자체와 직접 관련되는 영역으로는 좌반구의 측두엽과 전두엽 부분이 관찰되었다. 특히 한국어 어말어미 산출시 나타나는 형태점화 양상과 관련된 대뇌영역으로 발견된 브로카 영역에서의 활성화는 어미 변환과 관련된 영역이라기보다는 산출시 관련되는 articulation, motor coordinate관련 영역으로 추정되고, 측두엽의 활성화는 형태소, 의미 관련 지식의 data base로 추정된다. 또한 우반구 전두엽 부분에서 관찰된 활성화는 억제관련 영역으로 짐작된다.