• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제3권1_2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1980

무시비구, 질소시비구(6.67gN/$m^2$) 및 과질소비구(13.34gN/$m^2$)의 질소구배처리에 따른 대두개체군의 생육과정별 제 생장해석적특징 및 일차생산성을 비교검토하였다. 질소시비구 및 과질소시비구에서는 대조구에 비해 8~10배의 순질소흡수율과 비교적 높은 생산성 및 최대 LAI의 도달이 2주정도 빨리 나타났고 SLA의 증가를 보였으나, 근립의 형성은 1/3~1/4의 감소를 보였다. 그러나, H, F/C, T/R, RGR, NAR, 및 CGR 등 생장해석적특징에는 큰 유의차가 없었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.55-58
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• 1982

본 연구(硏究)는 잣나무림(林)의 일차(一次) 생산력(生産力)을 알기위한 것으로, 엽(葉)의 온도(溫度) 광도(光度) 수분결핍(水分缺乏) 등이 광합성속도(光合成速度)및 호흡속도(呼吸速度)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 측정(測定) 보고(報告)한다. 1) 광포화(光飽和)는 40Klwx 전후에서 일어나며 광보상점(光補償点)은 l.0~1.3Klwx 임을 알았다. 2) 당년엽(當年葉)의 광합성(光合成) 속도(速度)가 가장 높고 엽령(葉令)이 증가함에 따라 감소(減少)했다. 3) 온도반응(溫度反應)에 따른 호흡속도(呼吸速度)는 2월엽(月葉)이 8월엽(月葉)보다 2배(倍)정도 높았고, 양자(兩者) 모두 $17^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 심한 감소(減少)를 보였다. 4) 광합성(光合成) 속도(速度)는 약 -10bar에서 감소(減少)가 시작되며 약 -24bar에서 0으로 되었다. 호흡속도(呼吸速度)는 약 -5 bar에서 감소(減少)가 시작 -24bar에서 43% 정도 감소했다. 5) 광합성(光合成)에 관한 최적온도(最適溫度)는 8월 엽(葉)에서 $23{\sim}26^{\circ}C$, 2월엽(月葉)에서 $15{\sim}18^{\circ}C$를 나타냈다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 1992

서해 중동부 연안수역과 경기만에서 식물플랑크톤에 의한 일차 생산력과 동화계수 에 영향을 주는 요소들을 규명하고자 1989년 3월부터 1990년 10월까지 chl-a 농도, 광 조건, 수온, 염분도 및 투명도 등을 현장에서 조사하였다. 식물플랑크톤에 의한 chl-a 농도는 서해 중등부 연안수역에서 0.78~4.79 ug/l이었으며, 경기만에서는 0.91~4.3 ug/l의 변화폭을 보였다. 서해 중등부 연안수역에서 일일 평균 일일 생산력과 년 평균 생산력은 각각 37.23~1104.44(평균 361.54) mgC/m$^2$/d,131.96 mgC/m$^2$/yr이었으며 경 기만에서는 37.01~1028.46(평균236.89)mgC/m$^2$/d,86.46mgC/m$^2$/yr 으로 서해 중동부 연안수역이 경기만보다 다소 높게 측정되었다. 동화계수는 살펴보면 서해 중동부 연안 수역에서는 1.13~11.03mgC/mg chl-a/hr 이었으며, 경기만에서는 1.47~24.28mgC/mg chl-a/hr으로 조사되어 경기만이 다소 높게 측정되었다. 연구대상 해역에서는 다른 해 역에 비해 조사된 측정치들이 다소 높게 나타났다. P-I curve에서의 a(light utilization efficiency)는 서해 중동부 연안 수역에서 0.01~0.62[mgC/mg chl-a/hr] 이었으며, 경기만에서는 0.03~0.93[mgC/mg chl-a/hr]/[uE/m$^2$/sec]으로 조사되어 경 기만에 출현하는 식물플랑크톤이 좀더 빚을 효율적으로 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 빛 에 대한 식물플랑크톤의 생리적인 적응상태를 지시하는 I/SUB k/값은 서해 중동부 연 안수역에서 평균120.37uE/m$^2$/sec 이었으며, 경기만에서는 48.35uE/m$^2$/sec으로 측정 되어, 경기만에서 출현하는 식물플랑크톤이 서해 중동부 연안수역에서 출현하는 식물 플랑크톤보다 상대적으로 낮은 광에 적응되어 있었다.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.67-87
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• 2008

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has proven to be a useful tool for assessing efficiency or productivity of organizations which is of vital practical importance in managerial decision making. While DEA assumes exact input and output data, the development of imprecise DEA (IDEA) broadens the scope of applications to efficiency evaluations involving imprecise information which implies various forms of ordinal and bounded data possibly or often occurring in practice. The primary purpose of this article is to characterize the variable efficiency in IDEA. Since DEA describes a pair of primal and dual models, also called envelopment and multiplier models, we can basically consider two IDEA models: One incorporates imprecise data into envelopment model and the other includes the same imprecise data in multiplier model. The issues of rising importance are thus the relationships between the two models and how to solve them. The groundwork we will make includes a duality study which makes it possible to characterize the efficiency solutions from the two models. This also relates to why we take into account the variable efficiency and its bounds in IDEA that some of the published IDEA studies have made. We also present computational aspects of the efficiency bounds and how to interpret the efficiency solutions.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

Delivery of microfinance services to operators of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is increasingly being viewed as a strategic means of assisting growth and development. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of microfinance to entrepreneurship development in Mogadishu. Survey research design was adopted and Primary data was collected by using questionnaires. This research study used purposive sampling method to select 120 respondents; but 108 were found usable and analyzed. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study found the access of microfinance services to the SMEs is poor. This study also found due to the collateral, short term repayment challenges, small and medium businesses are difficult to access loan from microfinance institutions which hinder their entrepreneurship development. In addition to these, this study found that the Microfinance institutions play significance role to the growth and sustainable development of SMEs and also increases the productivity and profitability of small and medium enterprises. This study recommends the guidelines of microfinance institutions to finance SMEs needs to be flexible and microfinance institutions should give technical assistant to the SME to ensure success in the SME sector. The study also suggests access of microfinance services to the SMEs should be facilitated and awareness to microfinance purposes and activities should be created.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.459-468
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the presenteeism and absenteeism in relation to the health problems of nurses. Method: Informed consent was provided before study. Data was collected from January 7 to March 6, 2008 by Stanford Presenteeism Scale-13. Data was collected from 3 hospitals in Seoul Gyeonggi area. The response rate of the questionnaires was 96.2%. Incomplete data was analyzed using SPSS program. Results: Shoulder, back and neck pain were the highest reported health problems and primary health Problem of nurses. Impaired presenteeism was ranked in this order: depression or anxiety, cold, and uterus or ovary disorder. Absenteeism was ranked in this order: uterus or ovary disorder, cold, and dermatological problem. Impaired presenteeism was significantly increasing according to the number of health problems. But Absenteeism was not. Presenteeism was significantly different by age, educational level, religion, whether or not the worker lived with their family, marital status, whether or not the worker has children, time spent in the workforce, experience of turnover, shift work, night work, and level of satisfaction with salary. But absenteeism was not significantly different given these criteria. Conclusions: Health problems of nurses can negatively effect the quality of nursing service and productivity at hospital. Therefore the hospital administrator should control the presenteeism and absenteeism through the management of health problems of nurses.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-52
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• 2017

Nowadays every technology is becoming smarter. Consequently, intensive use of ICT in the whole industries and cities enables a sustainable approach to meet enormous productivity, efficiency, transparency and conservation of natural recourses. Likewise, the role of ICT in terms of controlling, monitoring in the energy industry allows integrating potential renewables, bulk energy conservation and reliable optimized operation in the entire system. In this paper outlines challenging issues in renewable energy integration in Mongolia and proposes potential recommendations and conclusions. The author investigated the main technologies used in energy industry mainly smart grid, challenges and policy aspect in Mongolian energy sector by using the primary and secondary approach with case studies and literature based methodologies. Based on the policy aspect and current implementation of smart grid, the paper tries to address the readiness for the main application and future potential ICT driven applications. Furthermore, it concluded that ICT convergence is demanded to overcome the current vulnerabilities and significant momentum to leave behind by using its potential energy recourses and favorable geographical state. Policymakers may find this study useful, as it answers the question of whether ICT investment can ultimately reduce energy consumption and may aid in future planning. Even tough, in order to develop a smart grid and integrating renewables firstly set an appropriate market structure, ICT will key enabler to make energy system more profitable and sustainable. Regarding the result of this study, ICT deployment contribution is a huge demand for future opportunities energy in Mongolia.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2000

Juam lake is a major water reservoir for the industrial and agricultural activities as well as the residental life of Kwangju and Chonnam regions. However, the water quality of the lake is getting worse due to a large quantity inflowing to the lake. The excessive growth of algae by the overfertilization may result in water treatment problems and also the interference with desirable water uses of navigation, aesthetics, recreation, and aquatic ecosystem. Thus the purpose of this study is to investigate the species and their amount of planktons in the lake and the relationship between the P loading amount and the chlorophyll-a used as a primary productivity index. The results of the investigation show that (1) the predominant species of algae are Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena affinis, Melosira granulata, Synedra acus, and Coelastrum cambricum, (2) the trophic state of the lake can be classified as eutrophic, and (3) there is close relation between the P loading amount and the chlorophyll-a.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2004

Recently, aspheric optical lenses and mirrors, which are harder to manufacture and measure than the conventional spherical ones, are widely used, particularly in electronic fabrication process. Generally, interferometric optical method is used for the measurement of spherical optical surface. However, the interferometric method for aspheric surface measurement is difficult because it needs a precise null corrector and strict environmental conditions such as constant temperature, humidity and vibrations. We have been studied on the manufacturing of aspheric optics to improve the surface profile accuracy and productivity using a corrective polishing process. For the corrective polishing, a practical method of On-Machine Measurement (OMM) is required. For this purpose, an optical OMM system has been studied using the Shach-Hartmann test, which is very robust to the practical polishing environment. The wavefront has been reconstructed from the measured data using the primary aberration polynomial function by the least squares fitting. The measured result of the OMM system shows that the maximum deviation is less than 200 nm for the one of commercial Fizeau interferometer Wyko 6000.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.386-389
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• 1999

In this study, visible and near infrared channels of NOAA/AVHRR data were used to classify land use and vegetation types over Korean peninsula. Analyzing forest stand structures and prediction of forest productivity using satellite data were also reviewed. Land use and land cover classification was made by unsupervised clustering methods. After monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite images were derived from April to November 1998, the derived composite images were used as temporal feature vector's in this clustering analysis. Visually interpreted, the classification result was satisfactory in overall for it matched well with the general land cover patterns. But subclassification of forests into coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests were much confused due to the effects of low ground resolution of AVHRR data and without defined classification scheme. To investigate into the forest stand structures, digital forest type maps were used as an ancillary data. Forest type maps, which were compiled and digitalized by Forestry Research Institute, were registered to AVHRR image coordinates. Two data sets were compared and percent forest cover over whole region was estimated by multiple regression analysis. Using this method, other forest stand structure characteristics within the primary data pixels are expected to be extracted and estimated.