• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.1073-1081
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• 1998

Primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is an uncommon tumor, which constitutes 3-4% of all extranodal lymphomas and 0.3-0.5 % of all primary pulmonary malignant tumors. Low-grade B-cell lymphomas of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) accounted for the majority of PPL. This BALT lymphomas are frequently asymptomatic and have an excellent prognosis and an indolent clinical course by contrast with T-cell type. Therefore, determination of the B- or T-immunophenotype of the tumor cells is known to be very important from a clinical aspect. Recent advances in immunohistochemical techniques, cytogenetics, and molecular biology have allowed better definition of type, maturation, and clonality of lymphoma cells and have made it possible to better understand the PPL. We experienced an asymptomatic 43-year-old man who was evaluated for infiltrates on both sides discovered incidentallly after a routine chest roentgenogram. He was eventually diagnosed as low-grade B-cell lymphoma of BALT by immunohistochemical staining from specimens obtained by open lung biopsy. He was treated with combination chemotherapy. At follow up 12 mons following initial diagnosis, he remains in stable. We report this case, who showed a relatively favorable prognosis and indolent clinical course compatible with low-grade B-cell lymphoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.184-190
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• 1998

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL) is a recently recognized large cell lymphoma characterized by large pleomorphic cells, with prominent nucleoli, expressing the CD30(Ki-1) antigen. It is often misdiagnosed as metastatic carcinoma, malignant histiocytosis or Hodgkin's disease. Primary pulmonary ALCL is extremely rare although it frequently involves extranodal sites, e.g. skin, bone, gastrointestinal tract, soft tissue and lung. We report a case of ALCL suspected as primarily involving lung.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.6 s.275
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• pp.435-440
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• 2007

Background: Primary malignant lymphoma of the lung is a very rare neoplasm. Although the prognosis of lymphoma is favorable, the clinical features, prognostic factors and management have not been clearly defined. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 8 patients we managed between 1994 and 2000. They all had malignant lymphoma on the pathologic examination of the lung wit no evidence of mediastinal adenopathy and extrathoracic disease, and no past history of lymphoma. Result: The study group consisted of 3 males and 5 female patients with a mean age of 53.9 years. Three patients were asymtomatic and 5 patients were seer with pulmonary or systemic symptoms. The diagnostic methods were 3 CT needle aspiration biopsies, 1 bronchoscopic biopsy and 4 surgical methods (wedge resection, lobectomy). There were 3 patients with MALT lymphoma, two with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, two with small lymphocytic lymphom, and one with follicular lymphoma. The 8 patients were treated with a variety of modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and combination therapy. The 8 patients have survived for a median follow-up of 38 months. Conclusiian: Although this entity of lymphoma appears to have a good prognosis, further clinical experience and long-term follow-up are needed to identify its clinical features, prognostic factors and management.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2009

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma is thought to originate from marginal zone B-cells. In the WHO classification, Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT is classified B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Common sites of MALT lymphoma include stomach, lung and the ocular-adnexa. Although less common in other sites, it is the most common low-grade lymphoma of the breast, thyroid, bowel skin and soft tissue. No strong age or gender predominance exists in MALT lymphoma. Dissemination to other sites can occur. In the oral cavity, MALT lymphoma is rare. Herein, we present a case of intra-oral MALT lymphoma. 66 year-old woman without any background of immunodeficiency or autoimmune disease admitted department of oral & maxillofacial surgery in Ulsan university hospital for evaluation of long-standing mild upper lip swelling. The lesion was completely resected and biopsied. Histological and immunohistochemical stains(CD3, CD5, CD20, CD21, CK) findings were used to confirm the lesion. Bone marrow biopsy was done and no bone marrow involvement was found. She did not receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. No recurrence has been noted in the 22 months to date.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1997

The authors reviewed 167 malignant effusions from 110 patients, of which the primary site was established on the basis of either biopsy or surgical resection of the primary neoplasm. Main factors analysed were the distribution of primary organs and the cytohistoiogic correlation of body cavity effusions. The 167 fluid specimens from 110 patients consisted of 90 cases(53.9%) of pleural, 68(40.7%) of peritoneal, and 9(5.4%) of pericardial origins. Histologically they consisted of 82 cases(74.5%) of adenocarcinoma, 8(7.3%) of malignant lymphoma, 6(5.5%) of squamous ceil carcinoma, and 3(2.7%) of small cell carcinoma. The most common site among the primary lesions was the stomach in 25 cases(22.7%) followed by the lung in 21(19.1%), ovary on 17(15.5%), and breast in 7(6.4%). As for the distribution of primary tumors in adenocarcinoma, the most common site was lung un 16 cases (48.5%) in pleural fluid and stomach in 22(48.9%) in peritoneal fluid. In pericardial effusions, all 5 cases were from the lung. As a whole, the cytologic findings of malignant effusion were fairly representative of histologic characteristics of primary lesions. Thus, when the primary lesion Is unknown, careful evaluation of effusion cytology is presumed to be a helpful tooi for tracing the primary tumor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4169-4173
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• 2014

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is highly accurate in diagnosing mediastinal lymphadenopathies of lung cancer and benign disorders. However, the utility of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphomas is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA in patients with suspected lymphoma. Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight patients with isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy and suspected of lymphoma were included in the study. EBUS-TBNA was performed on outpatients under moderate sedation. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA were calculated. Results: Sixty-four patients were diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA, but four patients with non-diagnostic EBUS-TBNA required surgical procedures. Thirty-five (51.5%) patients had sarcoidosis, six (8.8%) had reactive lymphadenopathy, nine (13.3%) had tuberculosis, one (1.5%) had squamous cell carcinoma, two (2.9%) had sarcoma and fifteen (22%) had lymphoma (follicular center cell, large B-cell primary, and Hodgkin lymphomas in three, two, and ten, respectively). Of the 15 lymphoma patients, thirteen were diagnosed by EBUS and two by thoracotomy and mediastinoscopy. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of lymphoma were calculated as 86.7%, 100%, 96.4%, and 97%, respectively. Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA can be employed in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoma, instead of more invasive surgical procedures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.5
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• pp.188-198
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• 2013

Over the past decade, several kinase inhibitors have been approved based on their clinical benefit in cancer patients. Unfortunately, in many cases, patients develop resistance to these agents via secondary mutations and alternative mechanisms. To date, several major mechanisms of acquired resistance, such as secondary mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, amplification of the MET gene and overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor, have been reported. This review describes the recent findings on the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and acquired resistance to anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors, primarily focusing on non-small cell lung carcinoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.427-431
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• 2007

The bronchus-asociated lymphoid tissue(BALT) lymphoma is a low-grade primary malignant lymphoma that originates from bronchus associated lymphoid tissue. A 67-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of cough, sputum, rhinorrhea which had persisted for one month. Physical examination showed decreased breathing sound on the left upper lung field. High resolution chest computed tomography demonstrated consolidation which showed air-bronchogram and surrounding ground glass opacity in left upper lobe. These findings implicated inactive tuberculosis, organizing pneumonia, or bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. The histologic findings from percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy revealed aggregated atypical small lymphoid cells with lymphoepithelial lesions. With immunohistochemical staining, the atypical lymphoid cells reacted positively with CD 20 antibody and negatively with CD 3 antibody. Thus, we could diagnosed her as a patient with BALT lymphoma. After left upper lobectomy, she has been well without recurrence of the disease for 14 months. In this country of Republic of Korea, it was the 1st case of BALT lymphoma surgically treated when histological diagnosis had been done. Based on this case, we wanted to demonstrate the importance of early histological diagnosis and treatment of BALT lymphoma.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.116-124
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• 1995

Eighty cases of malignant effusion were cytologically studied to elucidate the incidence of primary tumor site and cytologic characteristics of each tumor types. Eighty fluid specimens were composed of 43 ascitic, 35 pleural, and 2 pericardial effusion and primary tumor site had been confirmed by histology. The frequent primary sites were stomach(22 cases, 28%), lung(21 cases, 26%), ovary(11 cases, 14%), liver(7 cases, 9%), and breast (4 cases, 5%). The principal malignant tumors were adenocarcinoma (56 cases, 70%), squamous cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), liver cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), small cell carcinoma (4 cases, 5%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4 cases, 5%). The distinctive cytologic findings according to primary tumor types were as follows; the gastric adenocarcinomas were mainly characterized by isolated cells and irregular clusters sometimes with signet ring cells. Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary showed frequently papillary clusters and occasional psammoma bodies. Breast carcinoma of ductal type showed cell balls with smooth margins. Colonic adenocarcinoma showed rather irregular clusters or palisading pattern of cylindrical cells. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, liver cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and non-Hodgkln's lymphoma showed also characteristic features. These findings Indicate that the cytological features observed in the great majority of malignant effusion are similar to those of primary tumor types, which are very helpful to indentify the primary tumor site.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.566-570
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• 2005

Primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) account for 0.4% of all types of lymphoma. Most cases are of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, low grade B-cell lymphoma, but cases of the T-cell type are rare. The radiological findings frequently show hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, but lung parenchymal involvement is uncommon. Here, a case of a patient, who presented with fever, generalized erythema, diffuse pulmonary infiltration and pleural effusion, diagnosed as a peripheral T-cell lymphoma, is reported.