• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1968

Both primary hepatoma and amebic liver abscess are probably the most common space-occupying disease of the liver in Korea, and the importance of their accurate distinction can not be overemphasized. Radiogold hepatoscanning has been widely used at St. Mary's Hospital, and recently blood disappearance rate of colloidal $^{198}Au$ has been introduced in the study of hepatic ailments. A review of the literature revealed few previous publications concerning the differential features of the two conditions although some characteristic scan findings of each condition have been described. The present study is aimed at a critical review and analysis of various photoscan findings and blood disappearance rate determinations of colloidal $^{198}Au$ of 34 cases of primary hepatoma and 30 cases of amebic liver abscess. Among many scan manifestations, prominence of the uninvolved liver tissue, "hemispherical cold area," and splenic uptake are much more commonly encountered in primary hepatoma and the blood disappearance rate tends to be far more frequently delayed in primary hepatoma than in abscess providing at least a statistically useful basis of distinction of the two diseases.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.233-244
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• 1986

We'd experienced a case of primary hepatoma at medical department, Dae han Kyoyuk Ins. Company January 1985. As it was found very early stage, we made out the case long term-survival possibility unexpectedly. The conclusions we gained, making comparative-analysis of ultrasonic view and operation's view are as follows; 1. By ultrasonography, echogenicity of tumor was increased type as compared with liver parenchyme. 2. The margin of the primary hepatoma by ultrasonography encapsulated well and the extraction after operation was same. 3. The boundary of tumor was clear. 4. The space-occupying lesion in liver was solitary. 5. The affected site was left lobe of the liver. 6. We couldn't discover a little fluid echo in upper abdomen on the ultrasonography, but could see in the cul-de-sac area and it accorded with the gross finding during laparotomy. 7. The case was cholangiocarcinoma in view of pathologic histology. 8. After the operation of lobectomy. the prognosis which was passed a months was very satisfactory and she exists until present.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2001

목적 : 간암을 대상으로 한 고식적인 방사선치료가 아닌 정위방사선치료에 대한 보고는 매우 드물다. 이에 저자들은 원발성 간암환자들을 대상으로 정위방사선치료에 대한 예비결과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1999년 7월부터 2000년 3월까지 성모병원 치료방사선과에서 두개외 종양으로 정위방사선치료를 33명의 환자들에서 시행하였으며 그중 13명의 원발성 간암환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 대상환자들의 성별은 남자가 12명, 여자가 1명이었으며 연령분포은 $44\~66$세(중앙값:59세)였고 종양의 크기는 $10\~825\;cc$ (평균 : 185 cc)였다. 정위방사선치료는 1회 $3\~5\;Gy$를 $90\%$의 등선량 곡선에 기준하여 주 3-5회씩, $2\~3$주 동안 조사선량의 범위는 $30\~50\;Gy$이고 중앙선량은 50 Gy였다. 결과 : 추적관찰기간은 $3\~13$개월이었다(중간추적관찰기간: 8개월). 정위방사선치료 후 전체 환자에서 완전관해 $7.7\%$, 부분관해 $v$, 미세관해 $30.8\%$, 무반응 $7.7\%$였으며 국소제어율(완전관해+부분관해)은 $61.5\%$였다. 혈청 AFP의 치료 전과 치료 후 수치의 변화를 비교한 결과, 전체환자 중 $92.3\%$에서 AFP이 감소하였다. 치료에 따른 부작용은 소화장애가 $84.6\%$, 경한 오심이 $69.2\%$, 일시적인 간 기능의 저하가 $15.4\%$, 미열이 $7.7\%$에서 나타났으나 치명적인 부작용은 없었다. 결론 : 원발성 간암에 대한 정위방사선치료를 시행한 결과 비교적 안전하고 효과적인 치료방법이었다. 그러나 새로운 치료방법으로서 검증하기 위해서는 보다 많은 환자와 장기적인 추적관찰이 필요하리라고 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1986

This study was performed to establish normal hepatoscintiangiographic(HSA) pattern of hepatic blood flow and to investigate dynamic differential HSA findings of primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscess of the liver. HSA was carried out after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mCi of Tc-99m-phytate by obtaining sequential anterior images of 1-second exposure for 16 seconds. Observations included (1) baseline study of normal hepatic blood flow pattern by correlating with contrast angiogram, (2) time sequence phasing of normal HSA, and (3) analysis of altered patterns in primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscesses of the liver. Materials consisted of 20 normal subjects, 28 primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 16 metastatic carcinomas and 7 liver abscesses. Results were: (1) Normal HSA demonstrated 3 distinct phases of arterialization(AP), of arterial hepatogram(AHP), and of portal venous hepatogram(PVHP). The means of each phase were 5.3, 6.3 and 8.3 seconds, respectively. Portal vein could be seen in all but one of 20 normal subjects. (2) Pattern changes in diseases groups were early start of AP in carcinomas and very early start of AP in abscesses. AP became prolonged in all disease group. (3) Distinction between AHP was sharp in metastasis and abscesses but un sharp in primary hepatoma. Cold area or areas became vascularized in primary hepatoma but not in abscess. Cold areas of metastasis were inhomogeneously vascularized in late AP and throughout AHP and became relatively vascular as PVHP began. The cold area of abscess showed rim enhancement during AH and APH. These differences in HSA pattern were very useful in differential diagnosis of the diseases studied.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1993

Previous results from several laboratories have demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) depressed cytochrome P-450 (P-450)-dependent drug metabolism in vivo. However, there is some debate whether the action of TNFalpha is mediated by its direct effects on hepatocytes, or is indirectly mediated through the release of other mediators like IL-1 from macrophages. In the present studies, we investigated the effects of TNFalpha on P-450-dependent drug metabolizing enzyme as measured by 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2000

The cultured mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum were extracted and the extract was separated into six fractions by organic solvent fractionation. The antihepatotoxic activity of all the fractions was evaluated by measuring activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). Among the fractions tested, the high-polarity fractions such as aqueous and n-butanol fractions significantly reduced activities of GPT and GOT in CCl4- and galactosamine-intoxicated rat primary hepatocytes. When intracellular synthetic activities were measured by pulsing the rate primary cultured hepatocytes with [3H]-uridine and [3H]-leucine, activities of DNA, RNA and protein. When direct toxicities of the fractions were measured against human hepatoma(SK-Hep-1), the non-polarity fractions such as n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed potent direct cytotoxicities even at the concentration of 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. These data showed that Ganoderma lucidum has hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic recovery principles in its mycelia.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권2호통권82호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2007

생체는 산소를 소비하는 대사 과정 중에 초산화물(superoxide, $O_{2}$), 과산화수소($H_2O_2$), 수산 라디칼(OH)과 같은 다양한 활성산소(reactive oxygen)들을 생성하게 되며, 그 중에서도 hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)는 biological membrane을 자유롭게 통과하며, 세포내에서 hydroxyl radical 등의 반응성이 큰 활성 산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS)을 발생시키는 작용을 하는 강력한 산화제이다. 세포를 계대 배양 (5, 15, 25, 35 passage)하여 $H_2O_2$를 농도별(100 ${\mu}M$, 500 ${\mu}M$, 1 mM, 5 mM)로 처리하고, 또한 $H_2O_2$의 처리 시간(30 분, 1 시간)을 변화시킴으로써, Hepatoma 세포주에서 $H_2O_2$ 처리에 의한 Cu/Zn SOD의 발현을 Northern blot을 통하여 다음과 같이 분석하였다. 1)Hepatoma 세포주에서 시간별, 농도별로 산화제를 처리 했을 때 각각의 경우에서 발현양의 차이는 적었지만, 오랜 시간동안 고농도의 산화제에 노출시켰을 때 항산화 능력이 증가한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 2)계대배양을 증가시키는 것은 노화가 진행된다는 것을 의미하므로, 산화제를 처리했을 때 25 passage에서 35 passage 단계에서 항산화 효소의 발현 정도가 급격히 감소되는 것으로 미루어 보아 이 단계에서 노화가 진행되었음을 추측할 수 있었다. 3)동일한 시간과 농도로 처리했을 때 각각의 passage의 발현 level에서 보이는 양상과는 다르게 35 passage에서는 500${\mu}M$이상의 농도를 1 시간동안 노출시켰을 경우에 Cu/Zn SOD가 거의 발현되지 않았으며, 30 분 동안 노출시켰을 때에는 500 ${\mu}M$의 농도까지 방어할 수 있는 능력을 가진 것으로 보인다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 1997

Heptocvte-specific expression induced by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) enhancer 2-core gene promoter was examined in various hepatocyte and non-hepatocyte cell lines. using non-viral and retroviral vector systems in which chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) is used as a reporter. The non-viral plasmid containing the HBV enhancer 2-core promoter exhibited 22 and 66% of CAT activities in hepatoma cell lines. HepG2 and Hep3B, respectively when compared with CAT activity expressed by CMV promoter. The CAT activities, however. were found to be marginal in other tested hepatoma cell lines as well as mouse primary hepatocytes and non-hepatocytes. The HBV enhancer 2 located upstream the CMV promoter did not affect the CMV promoter activity nor provided hepatocyte-specific expression. Transfection of retroviral plasmid DNA containing the HBV enhancer 2-core promoter as an internal promoter exhibited high and specific CAT expression in HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines but the activity value was 5 to 10 fold lower than the non-viral plasmid with identical promoter. These results suggest that the usage of HBV enhancer 2-core promoter for liver specific expression is limited to certain vectors and hepatocyte cell lines.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.592-596
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• 2010

The common local causes of active gingival bleeding are the vessel engorgement and erosion by severe inflammation and injury to hypervascularity lesion. Abnormal gingival bleeding is also associated with systemic bleeding disorders (liver disease, leukemia etc.). There are many conventional methods for gingival bleeding control, such as, direct pressure, packing, electrocoagulation, tight suture and application of hemostatic agents. If the continuous gingival bleeding is not stopped in spite of the all local application methods, the medical consultation should be obtained for systemic condition care and the major feeding arterial embolization. This is a case report of severe gingival bleeding and periodontitis control in a patient with liver cirrhosis and oral metastatic lesion of hepatocellular carcinoma. The bleeding lesion was placed in left buccal mucosa and gingiva of the left mandibular molars. The control methods were dental crown removal, primary endodontic drainage, gingival sulcus drainage and maxillary arterial embolization with medical consultation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 1994

Purpose : This study was undertaken to show the clinical results of combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia in primary hepatoma Materials and Methods : Between December 1989 and March 1993, 50 patients with hepatomas were treated by combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia. Among them, we analyzed retrospectively 33 patients who received the complete course of treatment. The ages of the patients ranged from 36 to 75(mean age: 55.5 years). Twenty-six patients ($78.8\%$) were men, and 7 ($21.2\%$ were women. According to Child's classification, nine patients ($27.3{\%}$) were A group, 9 ($27.3\%$) were B group, 15 ($45.4\%$) were C group. Radiation therapy was done by a 6 MV and 15 MV linear accelerator. Patients were treated with daily fractions of 150-180 cCy to doses of 2550 cGy -4950 cGy (median : 3000 cGy). Local hyperthermia was done by 8 MHZ RF capacitive heating device (Cancermia. Green Cross Co., Korea), 50-60 min/session, 1-2 sessions/wk, and 8.5 sessions (median number)/patient. We analyzed the prognostic factors including age, sex, tumor type, Child's classification, $\alpha$-fetoprotein, liver cirrhosis, ascites, portal vein invasion, esophageal varix, number of hyperthermia, chemotherapy, total bilirubin level, Karnofsky perfomance status. Results : The overall 1-year survival was $24.2\%$, with a mean survival of 10months. Of 33 patients, tumor regression (PR+MR) was seen in $30.4\%$, no response was seen in $52.2\%,\;17.4\%$ patient was progressed. In patients who had tumor regression, the overall 1-year survival was $42.1\%$ with a mean survival of 14 months. Factors influencing the survival were sex (p=0.05), tumor type (p=0.0248), Child's classification (p=0.0001), liver cirrhosis (p=0.0108), ascites (p=0.0009), and Karnofsky perfomance status (p=0.0028). Complications developed in 28 patients, including 18 hot pain,5 fat necrosis, 3 transient fever, 2 nausea and vomiting. Conclusion : In this study, the results suggests that combined radiotherauy and hyperthermia may improve the survival rate of hepatoma.