• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7127-7131
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• 2013

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) gene with colorectal cancer (CRC). A case-control study including 388 controls and 387 patients with CRC was conducted in a Chinese population. Information about socio-demography and living behavior factors was collected by a structured questionnaire. Three SNPs (rs2133579, rs2269349, rs7641291) in RPSA gene were genotyped by Illumina SnapShot method. Multiple logistic regression models were used for assessing the joint effects between tea consumption and SNPs on CRC. The subjects with rs2269349 CC genotype had a decreased risk for CRC (OR=0.60; 95%CI = 0.37-0.99), compared with TT/CT genotype after adjustment for covariates. A similar association of rs2269349 with rectal cancer was observed (OR=0.49; 95%CI=0.24-1.00). Further analyses indicated that this SNP could modify the protective effect of tea drinking on CRC. Among the subjects with rs2269349 TT/CT or rs2133579 AA/GA, there was a marginal significantly lower risk of CRC (OR and 95%CI: 0.63 and 0.39-1.01 for rs2269349; 0.64 and 0.40-1.02 for rs2133579) in tea-drinking subjects in comparison to non-tea-drinking subjects. Mutants in the RPSA gene might be associated with genetic susceptibility to CRC and influence the protective effect of tea consumption in the Chinese population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6883-6888
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• 2013

Background: Platinum based concurrent chemo-radiation is the de-facto standard of care in the non-surgical management of locally-advanced head and neck cancer of squamous origin. Three-weekly single agent cisplatin at 100 $mg/m^2$ concurrent with radical radiotherapy has demonstrated consistent improvement in loco-regional control and survival. This improvement is however at the cost of considerable hematologic toxicity and poor overall compliance. The routine use of this regime is improbable in developing countries with limited resources. We therefore aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of an alternative regime of weekly cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy in such patients. Materials and Methods: January-05 and April-12, 188 patients of locally-advanced head and neck cancer of squamous origin were treated with concurrent weekly-cisplatin at $35mg/m^2$ and conventional radiotherapy 60-66Gy/30-33 fractions/5days per week. Results: Overall, 95% patients received planned doses of RT while 74% completed within the stipulated overall treatment time of <50 days. Eighty-two percent received at-least 5 weekly cycles. Grade-III/IV mucositis was seen in 58%/9% respectively, which resulted in mean weight loss of 9.2% from a pre-treatment mean of 54.5 kg. Grade-III hematologic toxicity-0.5%; grade II nephrotoxicity-2.5% and grade III emesis-3% were also seen. Grade-III/IV subcutaneous toxicity-10%/1% and grade-III/IV xerostomia-10%/0% were observed. Complete responses at the primary site, regional nodes and overall disease were seen in 86%, 89% and 83% patients respectively. The median and 5-years disease-free survival were 26 months and 39.4% respectively, while the median and overall survival were 27 months and 41.8% respectively. Conclusions: Weekly-cisplatin at 35 $mg/m^2$ when delivered concurrently with conventional radical RT (at-least 66y/33 fractions) in locally-advanced head and neck cancer is well tolerated with minimal hematologic and neprologic toxicity and can be routinely delivered on an out-patient basis. It is an effective alternative to the standard 3-weekly cisplatin especially in the context of developing countries.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2001

Objectives: The p53 tumor suppressor gene encodes a nuclear transcription factor that is critical regulator of cell growth and proliferation through its action in cell-cycle checkpoint control. The wide variety of stressful stmuli which include DNA damage, hypoxia, heat shock, metabolic changes activate the p53 protein, which in turn drives a series of events that culminate either in cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Mutations of the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration in human cancer. This gene is altered in approximately 40-60% of head and neck cancers. Whereas the wild-type form of the p53 protein plays a central role in cell-cycle control in response to DNA damage, most of the mutant forms are unable to do so. The high levels of p53 protein expression in tissues are related to the increased cellular proliferative activity and may be associated with the poor clinical outcome. To determine whether the expression of the p53 protein has prognostic significance and is associated with patterns of treatment failure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), We analyzed p53 overexpression in 40 cases of HNSCC. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis with a monoclonal antibody (DO7) specific for p53 protein was used to detect expression of the protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 40 HNSCC. We evaluated p53 protein expression and analyzed the relationship between the p53 overexpression and age, sex, primary tumor site, stage, survival rate, recurrence. All reported P values resulted from two-sided statistical tests. Results: Overexpression of p53 was detected in 20 cases(50%) among 40 cases of HNSCC. The p53 overexpression was not associated with age, sex, primary tumor site, stage, recurrence and survival rate. Conclusions: In our results, p53 was not significant prognostic factor in HNSCC. Based on many previous studies, It is evident that p53 has a certain role in tumorigenesis of HNSCC. So, the further study is needed to evaluate the prognostic significance of p53 in HNSCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3643-3646
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• 2016

Management of eyelid cancers is based on surgery and/or radiotherapy (RT). The treatment objective is to control tumors with acceptable functional and esthetic outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of radiation therapy in management of epithelial eyelid cancers, reviewing retrospectively the clinical records of patients treated in our institution from January 1989 to December 2013. We focused on clinical and histological features, treatment characteristics, tolerance and disease control. One hundred and eight patients (62 men and 46 women) were enrolled, with a mean age of 61 years [ranges 15-87]. The most frequent tumor location was the inner canthus (42.6%). Median tumor size was 21 mm [ranges 4-70]. Histological type was basal cell carcinoma in 88 cases (81.5%), squamous cell carcinoma in 16 (14.8%) and sebaceous carcinoma in 4 (3.7%). Radiation therapy was exclusive in 67 cases (62%) and post-operative for positive or close margins in the remaining cases. Kilovoltage external beam radiotherapy (KVRT) was used in 63 patients (58.3%) and low-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy in 37 (34.3%). Eight (7.4%) were treated with cobalt or with a combination of KVRT-cobalt, KVRT-electron beams, KVRT-brachytherapy or cobalt-electron beams. The total delivered radiation doses were 70 Gy (2 Gy/fraction) in 62 patients (57.4%), 66 Gy (2 Gy/fraction) in 37 (34.3%) and 61.2 Gy (3.4Gy/fraction) in 9 (8.3%). After a median follow-up of 64 months, we noted 10 cases of local recurrences(9.2%): 7 after exclusive and 3 after post-operative RT. No local recurrence occurred in patients treated with brachytherapy. Actuarial 5-year local recurrence-free rate, disease-free survival and overall survival were respectively 90%, 90% and 97%. T-stage was found to be a significant factor for recurrence (p=0.047). All acute radiation-related reactions were scored grade I or II. Delayed effects were eye watering in 24 cases (22.2%), eye dryness in 19 (17.6%), unilateral cataract in 7 (6.4%) and ectropion in 4 (3.7%). Radiation therapy and especially brachytherapy is an efficient treatment of eyelid cancers, allowing eye conservation and functional preservation with good local control rates and acceptable toxicity.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2011

목 적: 초기 비소세포성 폐암 환자에서 수술적 절제 이외의 국소 치료로 최근 방사선 수술의 사용이 늘고 있다. 이에 저자들은 초기 혹은 재발한 비소세포성 폐암 환자를 대상으로 시행한 체부 방사선 수술의 치료 결과를 분석하여 그 유용성을 알아 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 비소세포성 폐 종양에 대하여 방사선 수술이 시행되었던 24명의 환자, 28 lesion에 대하여 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 이 중 원발성 종양은 19명 재발한 환자는 5명이었고 재발한 환자 5명 중 3명이 이전 치료 부위에서 재발한 환자 이었다. 원발성 종양 19명 중에서 4명은 외부 방사선 치료 후 추가로 방사선 수술을 시행 받았다. 24명의 초기 병기는 IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IV가 각각 7, 3, 2, 2, 3, 1, 6명이었고, 방사선 수술 당시의 T 병기는 T1 lesion이 13곳, T2가 12곳, T3가 3곳이었다. 방사선 수술은 6 MV X-ray를 이용하였고 planning target volume 1 (PTV1)에 총 방사선량 15~60 Gy(median, 50 Gy)를 3회 혹은 5회에 걸쳐 처방하여 시행하였다. 중앙 추적관찰기간은 469일이었다. 결 과: 28곳의 GTV는 0.7~108.7 mL (median, 22.9 m L)이었고, PTV1 은 5.3~184.8 mL (median, 65.4 m L)이었다. 3개월 반응률은 complete response (CR) 14곳, partial response (PR) 11곳, stable disease (SD) 3곳이었고, 마지막 추적에서의 치료반응은 CR 13곳, PR 9곳, SD 2곳, progressive disease (PD) 4곳이었다. 원발종양으로 초기 병기 IA, IB 10명에서는 50일만에 1명이 폐렴으로 사망하였고 1명이 국소재발 하였으나 나머지 환자는 6개월에서 2년간 국소재발 없이 추적관찰 되고 있으며, IIA-IIB 환자는 4명으로 환자 수가 적어서 뚜렷한 결론을 내리기 어려웠고, 재발성 폐암 환자 5명을 포함하는 10명의 IIIA-IV 병기에서는 사망 3명, 국소재발 1명, loco-regional failure 1명, regional failure 2명으로 좋지 않은 치료 결과를 보였다. 이 중에서 방사선 수술을 시행한 장소에서 재발한 경우는 총 28 1esion 중 4곳으로 85.8%의 국소제어율을 보였다. 방사선치료 양은 biologically equivalent dose (BEd) 100 $Gy_{10}$ 이하인 8 lesion 중에서 3 lesion에서 국소 재발하여 100 $Gy_{10}$ 이상인 20 lesion 중에서는 1 lesion에서만 재발한 경우보다 나빴다. 또한 중앙부의 종양과 방사선수술 당시의 병기가 T2 이상인 경우가 재발이 많았다. 결 론: 비소세포성 폐암환자에서 사이버나이프를 이용한 체부 방사선 수술은 부작용이 적으면서 높은 국소제어율을 얻을 수 있는 치료이며, 주변부의 T1 병기의 폐암에 대해서 BED 100 $Gy_{10}$ 이상의 방사선 치료가 국소제어율을 높이는데 도움이 된다고생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6011-6017
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of selective radiotherapy after distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with dose-dense cisplatin plus fluorouracil. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients were randomly assigned to a study group treated with dose-dense cisplatin plus fluorouracil following selective radiotherapy and a control group receiving traditional cisplatin plus fluorouracil following selective radiotherapy according to a 1:1 distribution using a digital random table method. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate, relapse or progression rate in the radiation field and treatment toxicity. Results: Of 52 patients in the study group, 20 cases underwent radiotherapy., while in the control group of 51 patients, 16 underwent radiotherapy. The median PFS, median OS, survival rates in 1, 2 and 3 years in study and control group were 20.9 vs 12.7months, 28.3 vs 18.8months, 85.2%vs 65.9%, 62.2% vs 18.3%, and 36.6%vs 5.2% (p values of 0.00, 0.00, 0.04, 0.00 and 0.00, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that the median OS and survival rates of 1, 2, 3 years for patients undergoing radiotherapy in the study group better than that in control group( 43.2vs24.1 months, 94.1% vs 86.7%, 82.4% vs 43.3%, 64.7% vs 17.3%, (p=0.00, 0.57, 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). The complete response rate, objective response rate after chemotherapy and three months after radiotherapy, relapse or progression rate in radiation field in study group and in control group were 19.2% vs 3.9%, 86.5% vs 56.9%, 85% vs 50%, 95% vs 81.3% and 41.3% vs 66.7% (p =0.03, 0.00, 0.03,0.30, 0.01 respectively). The grade 3-4 acute adverse reactions in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group (53.8% vs 9.8%, p=0.00). Conclusions: The survival of patients benefits from selective radiotherapy after distant metastasis of NPC treated with dose-dense cisplatin plus fluorouracil.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2003

배 경 : 지금까지 폐암의 종양표지자로 알려진 것들 중에 최근에는 CK 19뿐만 아니라 폐암에서 많이 발견되는 CK 8, 18에 대해 특이적인 세가지 단클론항체를 이용한 면역방사선계수법(MonoTotal$^{TM}$)이 개발되어 폐암의 진단에 이용할 수 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 따라서 저자들은 Cyfra 21-1에 비교하여 CK 8, 18, 19의 폐암표지자로서의 진단적 가치에 대해 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2002년 5월 l일부터 2002년 9월 30일까지 서울대학교병원 내과에 입원하여 기관지내시경 또는 객담도말세포검사, 경피적 조직생검으로 확진된 원발성 폐암환자 129명을 폐암군으로 하고 폐암이 배제된 비악성 호흡기 질환자 160명을 환자 대조군으로 연구에 동의한 건강한 성인 57명을 정상 대조군으로 하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. Cyfra 21-1의 측정은 Fujibebio Diagnostics사(USA)의 immnoradiometric assay kit인 Cyfra$^{TM}$ 21-1을 사용하였고 CK 8, 18, 19의 측정은 IDL biotech사의 2-hour immunoradiometric sandwich test kit인 Monototal$^{TM}$을 사용하였다. 결 과 : 폐암의 조직학적 분류에 따른 Monototal의 혈중평균치(mean${\pm}$SD)는 비소세포폐암이 $412.47{\pm}455.45$ U/L, 소세포폐암이 $237.08{\pm}145.15$ U/L로 환자 대조군 $126.54{\pm}95.72$ U/L, 정상 대조군 $63.68{\pm}31.66$ U/L에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다(p<0.01). Monotoal의 정상범위를 정상 대조군의 가장 높은 수치인 188U/L 이내로 하였을때 비소세포폐암의 민감도는 66.4%, 특이도는 81.9%였다. 병기를 I,II군(32명)과 III,IV군(84명)의 두 군으로 나누어 Monototal의 평균을 비교해 보았을 때 각각 $227.6{\pm}185.2$ U/L, $482.9{\pm}506.4$ U/L로 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 환자대조군 세부질환별로 Monototal의 평균치를 보면 미만성폐질환 환자군(11명)에서 $298.7{\pm}210.0$ U/L로 환자 대조군 평균치인 $126.54{\pm}95.72$ U/L에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 측정되었다(p<0.001)(Table 4). 결 론 : cytokeratin 8, 18, 19의 측정은 폐암의 대표적인 종양 표지자중의 하나인 Cyfra 21-1과 비슷한 민감도와 특이도를 보이고 있어 효과적인 종양표지자로 앞으로 사용될 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5287-5291
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• 2013

The human papilloma virus (HPV) causes skin and mucous membrane infections. It crosses from one person to another by skin-to-skin contact, such as sexual contact. There are more than 100 types of HPV that can influence different parts of the body. Some types of HPV can cause cancer (such as cervical or anal cancer) and others can cause warts (such as genital or plantar warts). HPV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Iran and around the world. Considerable molecular evidence suggests a role for human papilloma virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of carcinoma. Epidemiological studies on human papilloma viruses (HPVs) infections in general population are critical for the performing of health policy guidelines for developing the strategies to hinder the primary and secondary different cancer. In different parts of Iran, there is a lack of population-based studies to determine the prevalence of HPV in the general population. The aim of this population-based study was therefore to report the prevalence ratse of HPV types among Iranian patients. To study the risk of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, we managed a retrospective study in Kerman province, southeast of Iran. For this purpose, 410 patients tested for the presence of HPV DNA using PCR and INNo-Lipa assays. HPV DNA was detected in 108 out of 410 patients (26.34%), while it was not detected in any of the control group samples. Patients included 23 (21.1%) males and 86 (78.8%) females. HPV type 6 was the most common (49%) followed by HPV type 16 (10.1%), and also HPV type11 (9.2%). The prevalence of HPV in Iran is comparable to those reported in other regions of the world. In a similar manner, it seems that HPV types 6, 16 and11 are the most common types in Kerman. Additional studies on larger group of patients, particularly in those with pre-invasive forms of disease, are needed to explain the roles of different HPV types in this location of Iran.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.709-722
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report the effect of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) in alleviating the side effects of lung cancer patient undergoing immunotherapy. Method: A 43-year-old man, who was diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer, received pembrolizumab treatments. The patient was treated with acupuncture and herbal medicine (Geoeoyangpye-tang) to control various uncomfortable symptoms. The degree of pain was measured by the numeric rating scale (NRS). The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EORTC 13-item lung cancer-specific module (EORTC LC-13 questionnaire) were used to assess the change in the quality of life. Results: After the TKM treatment, the flank pain and arthralgia based on the NRS were significantly improved. Various uncomfortable symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, insomnia, and loss of appetite were also significantly improved, based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-LC13. The size of the primary tumor was decreased during treatment. The disease status was stable radiologically after two months from discharge.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.399-403
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• 2006

Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers developed in women worldwide, and human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is the most common agent linked to human cerivical carcinoma. Viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are selectively ratined and expressed in carcinoma cells infected with human papillomavirus type 16 and cooperated with each other in immortalization and transformation of primary keratinocytes. Because of HPV oncogenesis mechanism was not completely solved, the more studies be required thoroughly. In the present study, to investigate the telomere independent role of telomerase in HPV oncogenesis, we constructed the E6 mutant, E7, E6/E7 and hTERT over-expressed stable cells with a telomerase negative cell line, SW13. Expressions of Inserted genes were measured by RT-PCR. E6, E7 and hTERT genes were well expressed in each cell lines comparing with the control groups. By analyzing the cell morphology under the microscope, hTERT clone size was a more smaller than the mock control but oncogene expressed clones were slightly lengthened the marginal region. In addition, hTERT cells has also, a tendency of brief dividing time compared to the mock control. To determine whether telomerase activity associated with a HPV oncogenesis by oncoprotein expression, we performed the PCR based TRAP assay and Northern blot analysis. In TRAP assay data, telomerase activities in hTERT and oncogene clones were more increased than the mock control. In addition, SW13/ E6/E7 cells appeared a extremely increased activity than any other clones. Induced TERT mRNA by E6/E7 wasn't, however, detected in Northern blotting. In conclusion, these findings suggest that telomerase activity closely associated the HPV oncogenesis and E6/E7 co-expression is a most important factor of telomerase activity.