• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.239-242
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• 1999

Spindle cell carcinomas of the head and neck are unusual neoplasms that are histologically biphasic, having both squamous cell carcinoma and apparently malignant spindle cell or sarcomatous element. Controversy about the histogenesis of these tumors has resulted in various terminology ; sarcomatoid carcinoma, pseudosarcoma, carcinosarcoma, and spindle cell carcinoma. The clinical course and natural history of these tumors are also variable. We report a case of 64-year-old male who complained of a neck mass. The patient was treated with extended radical neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy, but the primary site of spindle cell carcinoma could not be found. We reviewed the clinical course, treatment, prognosis, and histogenesis of spindle cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 1997

Squamous cell carcinoma originating in the parotid gland has rare occurrence. The primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland comprise about 0.3% and 9.8% of all parotid malignant tumor. We investigated the clinical behavior and treatment outcome of patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. We reviewed all cases of possible primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland treated at Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea, from 1981 through 1995. A total of 128 had primary parotid malignancy. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were excluded in this study. Ten cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland were identified. 6 cases of them are men & 4 cases are women. The age of patients ranged from 31 to 68 years with median age of 55 years. On physical examination, 5 cases had palpated cervical neck node and 6 cases had facial nerve palsy. Staging was done according to the current guidelines established by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (1992). Two cases were stage I, 1 in stage III, and 7 in stage IV. Six cases were performed operation and postoperative radiation therapy. Four cases were treated by curative radiation therapy, dose of more than 65 Gy on parotid gland region. The 5 year actual survival rate and the 5 year disease free survival rate were 30.8%, and 40.0%. Initial complete response rate was 70% for all patients. Local failure were occurred 3 of 7 patients with local controlled cases, failure sites were primary site, ipsilateral cervical neck node, contralateral supraclavicular node. Most recurrences developed within 1 year of initial treatment. Distant metastasis was appeared 2 of 3 patients who did not achieved local control. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland occured infrequently. A retrospective study at the Yonsei Cancer Center indicates incidence of 7.8%. At diagnosis, advanced stage, neck node presentation, facial nerve paralysis were associated with a poor prognosis. These results may suggested that radical surgical excision may be treatment of choice and that planned postoperative radiotherapy may be bendicial for reducing locoregional recurrence rates.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.263-267
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• 2007

Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) is a rare odontogenic carcinoma defined as a squamous cell carcinoma arising within a jaw having no initial connection with the oral mucosa, and probably developing from residues of the odontogenic epithelium. PIOC appears more common in male than female, especially at posterior portion of the mandible. Radiographic features of PIOC show irregular patterns of bone destruction with ill defined margins. It could be sometimes misdiagnosed as the cyst or benign tumor because it shows well defined margins. If it couldn't be done appropriate treatment initially, PIOC shows extremely aggressive involvement, extensive local destruction and spreads to the overlying soft tissue. Therefore accurate diagnosis in early state is necessary. The diagnosis criteria proposed for PIOC are : (1) absence of ulcer formation, except when caused by other factors, (2) histologic evidence of squamous cell carcinoma without a cystic component or other odontogenic tumor cell, and (3) absence of another primary tumor on chest radiograph obtained at the time of diagnosis and during a follow-up period of more than 6 month(Suei et al., 1994).

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 1998

Double primary cancer is a rare disease in which two cancers occur in an individual independently. As prolonged survival of patients with malignant tumors is expected in the future due to advances in methods of treatment, the chance of double primary cancer will be increased. We experienced one case of double primary cancer which was developed in esophagus and chest wall. A 72 year-old male visited our hospital complaining of epigastric discomfort and right chest wall mass. We studied esophagus, chest wall, and other organs including gastrointestinal tract by various methods to exclude the cancer of other sites and could diagnose squamous cell carcinoma of mid-esophagus and adenocarcinoma of chest wall. The patient underwent esophagogastrostomy following esophagectomy and wide-resection of chest wall tumor. The postoperative course was uneventful.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.401-404
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• 2008

Primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma is extremely rare, with most cases arising from a preexisting benign epidermoid cyst. We report a rare case of primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma in the brain stem with a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) epidermoid cyst. A 72-year-old female suffered from progressive left hemiparesis, difficulty in swallowing, and right hemifacial numbness. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high signal intensity (SI) lesion in the CPA region and an intra-axially ring-enhanced cystic mass in the right brain stem with low SI. Whole-body positron emission tomography showed no evidence of metastatic disease. The histological findings revealed a typical epidermoid cyst in the CPA region and a squamous cell carcinoma in the brain stem. We speculate that the squamous cell carcinoma may have been developed due to a chronic inflammatory response by the adjacent epidermoid cyst. The patient underwent a surgical resection and radiotherapy. After 12 months, she had no evidence of recurrence.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 1977

There has been an alarming rise in the incidence of carcinoma of the lung in the world. The increase of the disease has been greater in men than in women, but even in women the rate has doubled in the last 20 years. During the 20 year period 1957 through 1976, 33 women with proven primary carcinoma of the lung were treated at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. During the period of survey, 170 consecutive cases of primary bronchogenic carcinoma were encountered in men, a male to female ratio of 5.2: 1. Ages of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in women ranged from twenty-seven to sixty-eight years and most of them were over 40 years of age. The duration between the onset of symptoms and admission was about 9 months and the most common complaints were cough [66.6%], chest pain [60.6%], hemoptysis [48.4%] and dyspnea [45.4%]. Bronchogenic carcinoma developed most frequently in the upper lobes, and twelve [36.3%] of cases were squamous cell type, nine [27.2%] were anaplastic cell type, six [18.2%] were adenocarcinoma, one was alveolar cell type and five were unclassified type, in contrast to the usual predominence of adenocarcinoma among women in other reports. One half of the patients were inoperable and resection was feasible in only 24.2 per cent of the patients. There was no operative mortality but one case had bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy. Most patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in women were from large cities. Cigarette smoking appeared to be related to the occurrence of the squamous cell and anaplastic cell carcinoma because all heavy smokers had squamous cell or anaplastic cell carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.154-158
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• 1997

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland associated with esophageal carcinoma is presented A squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is rare and is prognosis is poor. The histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is not clear, but at present, it is believed that most cases arise from the follicular epithelium It is very important to know whether squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is primary or secondary. Thus, the possibility of squamous cell carcinoma in the thyroid being the result of a metastasis or extension from a primary tumor in the trachea or esophagus must always be ruled out and intensive evaluation should be required to confirm the diagnosis of this disease. We report a squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid associated with esophageal cancer with brief review of literature.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.116-124
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• 1995

Eighty cases of malignant effusion were cytologically studied to elucidate the incidence of primary tumor site and cytologic characteristics of each tumor types. Eighty fluid specimens were composed of 43 ascitic, 35 pleural, and 2 pericardial effusion and primary tumor site had been confirmed by histology. The frequent primary sites were stomach(22 cases, 28%), lung(21 cases, 26%), ovary(11 cases, 14%), liver(7 cases, 9%), and breast (4 cases, 5%). The principal malignant tumors were adenocarcinoma (56 cases, 70%), squamous cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), liver cell carcinoma (7 cases, 9%), small cell carcinoma (4 cases, 5%), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4 cases, 5%). The distinctive cytologic findings according to primary tumor types were as follows; the gastric adenocarcinomas were mainly characterized by isolated cells and irregular clusters sometimes with signet ring cells. Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary showed frequently papillary clusters and occasional psammoma bodies. Breast carcinoma of ductal type showed cell balls with smooth margins. Colonic adenocarcinoma showed rather irregular clusters or palisading pattern of cylindrical cells. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, liver cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and non-Hodgkln's lymphoma showed also characteristic features. These findings Indicate that the cytological features observed in the great majority of malignant effusion are similar to those of primary tumor types, which are very helpful to indentify the primary tumor site.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.333-336
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• 2008

Purpose: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare type of eccrine sweat gland carcinoma. Although it is mostly known as a neoplasm of the salivary gland, it could occur as a primary skin tumor. We present a patient with a primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma at the genital area. Methods: A 60-year-old man had a slowly growing 1 cm sized single tender mass near the left scrotum and he underwent excisional biopsy at a local clinic. A diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma was made and thus he was transferred to our hospital. In physical examination, other specific findings were not detected except a linear scar caused by a previous skin biopsy near the left scrotum. In CT scan, PET-CT scan and endoscopy, there was no evidence of neoplasm in other organs. It was diagnosed as the primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma and then wide excisions were performed including total 4.5 cm margin of normal skin. Results: Microscopic findings revealed proliferation of tumor cell islands with cribriform or tubular patterns containing several round, pseudocystic structures. The tumor cells showed basaloid cells with uniform and small nuclei. Tumor cells infiltrated into the dermis and upper portion of subcutaneous tissue. There was multifocal perineural invasion of tumor cells. In postoperative 6 months, we found no recurrence and other complications. Conclusion: Herein we found a rare case of primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma at the genital area.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare malignant tumor. A more rapidly fatal course may be seen in advanced stages of small cell carcinoma as compared to similar stages of urothelial carcinoma. It is very important to recognize this distinct form of bladder cancer by urinary cytology The differential diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder includes metastatic small cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and primary or secondary malignant lymphoma. This article highlights the urinary cytologic diagnosis of a case of primary small cell carcinoma. A 59-year-old male presented with gross hematuria for five months. Urinary cytology showed high cellularity consisting of tiny monotonous tumor cells in the necrotic background. The tumor cells occurred predominantly singly, but a few in clusters. The cytoplasm was so scanty that only a very narrow rim of it was seen. The nuclei were oval or round and had finely stippled chromatin. Rarely, the nuclei contain visible nucleoli. Frequently cell molding was noted in clusters. Many single cells demonstrated nuclear pyknosis or karyorrhexis. The histologic findings of transurethral resection and partial cystectomy specimen were those of small cell carcinoma. Cytologic distinction may be very difficult but careful attention to clinical features and cellualr details can classify these neoplasms correctly.