• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to provide useful information to restaurant managers by analyzing eating out behavior and the diverse needs and wants of the people residing in the Seoul area. four hundred twenty-seven(427) people were sampled for this study and classified into three groups : housewives, salarymen and college students. The results of this study are as follows : (10 Among the groups, there were significant differences in general eating out behavior such as 'frequency' 'preferred food style' and 'who pays the check' among others. (2) The study showed housewives listing 'special occasion' as 'taking care of meal' (3) All groups considered 'price' as especially important. (4) When selecting a menu item, taste was considered most important by all groups. Housewives showed nutritional value to be important while salarymen chose the same item as companions an college students showed 'portions' and 'price' to be important. (5) degree of satisfaction of restaurants were found to be low with items such as ' price'. 'range of menu choices' and 'courteousness of employees' being relatively low.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2021

PAV is considered to improve quality of life and standards of living, improvement of which was caused by automobile hundred years ago. Comparative economic efficiency of PAVs is measured to compare each PAV. Specification and sales price of the PAVs are open to the public. BlackFly, Transition and Aeromobil 3.0 have competitive power in flying range, purchasing cost, and operational cost. Lift & cruise configuration and vectored thrust configuration PAVs are designed by many companies nowadays, and BlackFly which can be considered to be lift & cruise configuration is one of the most efficient PAVs. High battery price does not help multi-copter shaped PAVs to have economic efficiency. Aerodynamic wing, eVTOL, and low sale price are needed for PAVs to ride a wave of public interest as a new personal mobility. Under the conditions, the PAV can fly at downtown and can be purchased by people at large. Popularization of PAV could follow in the 100 years old footsteps of automobile.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.78-104
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• 1994

Under the fee for service schedule of Korean health insurance system, rational fee for dental laboratory products based on the cost is required to be formulated. The purpose of this study was to find actual cost of dental laboratory products in case of a University Hospital. Materials of this study were used as follows : 1. Balance sheet at Dec. 31, 1992 and profit and loss report of the year 1992 of the sample hospital 2. Performance report of dental laboratory department. 3. Purchasing and other accounting bills of dental laboratory materials. The following methods were used. 1. Actual cost finding of dental laboratory department was performed. 2. Work sampling methods were used for measuring standard working time by the process of working. 3. To porcelain fused to metal crown(non-precious), Relative value of the cost of dental laboratory products was calculated as 1.00. 4. Fee and cost of those products were compared on the basis of Relative values. The results of the study can be summarized as follow : 1. Overall, it took longs time than other items. to product denture-related items. 2. When several teeth are made in a time, average production time is much sorter than when one tooth is made in a time. 3. The relative price cost of Dicor cast crown and denture related items are higher than the criterion items. 4. The material cost occupies average 11% out of the total price cost, proportion of personnel expenses is average as 60.0%. 5. Some of the components consisting of the price cost are not reflected adequately in setting the level of the reimbursement price. 6. Relative values of dental laboratory products price cost are varied in the range from 0.05 to 2.83, overall, the reimbursement price of dental products appears not to reflect adequately the price cost. On the basis of this study results, the following ideas would be suggested : 1. Fee Schedule of dental laboratory products should be renovated in order to reflect their costs. 2. Dental laboratory product manufacturers should be enlarged for the economy of scale which may be useful for cost- containment. 3. Dental laboratory producters themselves are required to be standardiqed according to the categories of skill.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2024

Purpose: This research delves into the various factors that influence the performance of restaurant businesses on social commerce platforms in Bangkok, Thailand. The study considers both internal and external factors, including but not limited to business characteristics and location. Moreover, this research also analyzes the effects of employing multiple social commerce platforms on business efficiency and explores the underlying reasons for such effects. Research design, data, and methodology: Restaurants can be classified into different price ranges: low, medium, and high. To further investigate, we employed natural language processing AI to analyze online reviews and evaluate algorithm performance using machine learning techniques. We aimed to develop a model to gauge customer satisfaction with restaurants across different price categories effectively. Results: According to the research findings, several factors significantly impact restaurant groups in the low and mid-price ranges. Among these factors are population density and the number of seats at the restaurant. On the other hand, in the mid-and high-price ranges, the price levels of the food and drinks offered by the restaurant play a crucial role in determining customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the correlation between different social commerce platforms can significantly affect the business performance of high-price range restaurant groups. Finally, the level of online review sentiment has been found to influence customer decision-making across all restaurant types significantly. Conclusions: The study emphasizes that restaurants' characteristics based on their price level differ significantly, and social commerce platforms have the potential to affect one another. It is worth noting that the sentiment expressed in online reviews has a more significant impact on customer decision-making than any other factor, regardless of the type of restaurant in question.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-157
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• 2024

In this study, we analyzed the changes in copper consumption according to copper price fluctuations and identified the domestic copper price elasticity. A total of 408 time series data from January 1989 to December 2022 were analyzed using the vector autoregressive (VAR) model with net import volume, price, and production index as variables. In addition, to identify changes in the correlation between variables over time, the dynamic relationship between variables was identified using the time-varying vector autoregressive (TV-VAR) model. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the negative price elasticity for copper is -0.1835. In addition, the interquartile range was -0.3130 ~ 0.0886, with no consistent trend over time, but mainly negative elasticity. This study can be used to quantify the expected impact of various policy proposals and changes related to minerals.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.459-487
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• 2011

A/R CDM project has properties such as irreversibility and uncertainty that Real Option Analysis can be applied to its modelling. This study tries to model A/R CDM using Real Option under CER price uncertainty, and conducts empirical test with the Posco A/R CDM Project case. For precise comparison and decision-making, l-CER's expected present value is calculated from the Spot CER price. As a result, the critical value of the project is lower than the expected l-CER price, which means that the decision to invest made by the project owner is profitable. We can also find out that the level and the range of the discount rate, where is applied to, affect the result; the critical value of the project and the decision-making.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.240-253
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to crystallize the factors which influence the eating-out tendency at home and work site including in the range of Daegu city. We can find out that taste is the most important element for family eating-out style. Then comes sanitation, service, reputation of a restaurant and price in that order. There are some differences between family eating-out style and workers eating-out style. The only thing that differs from above referred to statement is that price is prior to the reputation of a restaurant. Thus, taste is more important than any other factor in investigative studies. And, in case of family eating-out style, the reputation of a restaurant is prior to price. In case of workers eating-out, however, price is more important than the reputation of a restaurant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.124-125
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• 2018

Recently, risk analysis studies regarding the architecture development project have been carried out by applying probabilistic method. However, it had a limit that this studies was conducted in only an apartment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop an optimal price estimation model that can be utilized on residential officetel project by applying Monte Carlo simulation. To achieve the objective, first, the variables are selected affecting the feasibility of an officetel based on literature review. Second, causal loop diagram is constructed by arranging the relationship between variables, then the import and expense model is suggested. Third, to carry out optimized parcel price, the range limits are set for each variables then Monte Carlo simulation is performed. In the future, the developed model is expected to help decision-makers as a tool to determine both risk and feasibility of the officetel development project.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.296-309
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• 2023

This study gathered basic information on the development of Jiu-Jitsu uniforms suitable for players in Korea. Detailed data were collected between December 20^th and December 30^th, 2022 on 21 selected brands sold in online shopping malls. For each, information was recorded on the production country, product type, price, colors, material, and sizing system. A total of 612 datasets were analyzed using frequency analysis, cross-tabulation, and Chi-square tests. Jiu-Jitsu uniforms were classified as either standard or limited edition. Limited edition uniforms were more expensive than regular uniforms. International brands had a higher price range than domestic brands. The most commonly used colors for Jiu-Jitsu uniforms were the regulation colors associated with the sport: white, black, and blue. Domestic brands were more likely to use non-regulation colors than international brands. The material used for the top half of the uniform was predominantly pearl weave, while the bottom half was usually ripstop. International brands used a more diverse range of materials than domestic brands. The Jiu-Jitsu uniform sizing system incorporated a range of sizes between A00 and A6. While sizing designations differed according to the established sizing systems of different countries, the sizes remained the same, as did the range of sizes available. Where size guides were provided, height and weight were used to help the customer determine the appropriate size. The dimensions of each size varied between brands. Overall, we found that international brands offer a more diverse range of Jiu-Jitsu uniform designs than domestic brands.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.119-133
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• 2014

This Research focuses on the effect of the price limits change in KOSDAQ market change on the volatility. The sample period ranges from 22 May 2000 to 24 March 2010 for daily data. We construct two subsample periods for comparing with the effect of the change of the price limit. These limits were relaxed from 12% to 15% on March 25, 2005. The first subsample period is from 25 March 2000 to 24 March 2005. The second subsample period is from 25 March 2005. to 24 March 2010. We employee four different volatility, which are the range-based volatility of Parkinson(1980; PK), Garman and Klass(1980; GK) Rogers and Satchell(1991; RS), Yang and Zhang(2008; YZ). The empirical result as follows. The major findings are summarized as follows; First, the volatility of individual stocks in KOSDAQ market reduces significantly after the price limit change. Second, There is so high volatile especially when the volatility of stock prices is high. Third, There is no meaningful relationship between volatility and market capitalization. Fourth, the more volume stocks reduce the volatility. Our results show the volatility decreased the more large volume, the more trading amount and the high price stock.